Issues Arising from Investigation and Analysis - Coursework Example

Issues arising from investigation and analysis al Affiliation) During any research work, there are a number of issues that arise out of the investigation and analysis process. These issues range from normal investigation challenges to the complex and hard to understand issues. The rich history behind the issues traces back in time when the Psychological Association noted that psychologists had to be concerned with the protection and welfare of these persons and the groups that the psychologists work with while also taking into account the education of the members, the students, and the general public regarding their ethical standards and values that had impact on their discipline (Dolhon, 2013). It is always of a very paramount importance for the educational researchers to respect the people’s rights, their privacy, their dignity, and many sensitivities of the research target and populations and also observe the integrity of their institutions where or within which these research works occur. Educational researchers have to or should be always and especially very careful when working with children, aged group and the other society vulnerable populations (Menese, 2009). Even though, the purview and analogy of the educational sector and the research departments, the social sciences and educational research work involved in many different fields of study in which and where the professionals serve in their multiple roles such as the researchers with or as well as the laboratory supervisors, the administrators, the teachers, and the mentors. Whether or not a researcher is deemed to be psychologist, an educator, or an anthropologist, these primary responsibilities like to their participants are clear: they include instructions to obtain the consent, offer protection from harm, and also ensure that privacy is observed. However, there is an area more inclined to responsibility that always less clear to both the participants and the researcher. These issues arose from research that was conducted about the online cupcake business as discussed below. Consent One of the main challenges encountered during the study was dealing with bureaucratic respondents in which a lot of formalities had to be fulfilled before they could give their consent to the investigation. There is always the need to seek the consent of a respondent before engaging them into any kind of information provision. Consent may also involve the procedural manner by which individuals may opt and choose on whether or not they should participate in the study. The researcher is thus entrusted with a number of tasks. The researcher’s main and first task is to first of all ensure that the participants have the complete understanding and in-depth of the purpose and the methods that are to be used in the study, plus the risks that are likely to arise or involved, and the demands that are placed on them as participants (Dolhon, 2013). The participant is also expected to and must understand that they have the right to either participate or withdraw from such studies at any time and will. There are two forms of consent. These are the direct and substitute consent. Direct consent is always the most and commonly preferred because the agreement is simply obtained directly from the person to be involved in this study. Whereas in the Substitute consent, or the third-party consent, in which the permission is often given by another person and behalf f the person to be involved or engaged in the study. Substitute consent is always common and may be obtained in circumstances when it is realized or determined that the individual person to be involved does not have zeal and the capacity to make the decision to participate by them or they are not independent but depend on others for their welfare. This may include persons such as the children under the age of 18 or even the people with any form of disability like cognitive or emotional disabilities (Menese, 2009). These forms of consent seeking are deemed very paramount in any research work. Both the direct and substitute consent are expected and must meet requirements that are deemed to be for informed consent. From a legal point of view or standpoint, one must observe this consent to be able to carry out the research work. The respondents were asked before they were engaged and the ones who accepted were used to provide the necessary study information. In the study one of the challenges encountered was seeking the permission from the respondent as some were not ready to be involved while others did not understand the aspects and scope of the work they are requested to be involved. Some even demanded small token so as to be able to participate. This made it difficult for the overall conducting of the research work. Capacity The respondents’ capacity was assessed during the study through engaging them in some personal pilot questions to gage their sincerity. During the research, several capacity issues came up. Getting to know the respondent capacity posed a main challenge. It is always very important to get the right people involved in the research work. This includes those participating as the respondent and the lead researcher (Cavoukian, 2009). Capacity can be defined as a person’s ability to get or acquire the relevant knowledge and retain the acquired knowledge. This involves the ability to check and evaluate the information that has been received. The person is also expected to make the right choice based upon this evaluation. This is considered very fundamental especially to some elements of capacity. This makes it very easy to gage the competence level. This is mainly based upon the person’s ability to get or acquire the information, retain it, and to be able and evaluate this information. By this the person is thus deemed to be either competent or incompetent. One of the main challenges in the study is how to know a competent respondent before they are involved in the process. It is also worth noting that competence is at many occasions determined by the legal qualification and the ability of the respondent (Saad et al, 2011). It is very difficult to know this from the respondents as they are mostly strangers before the researcher. However, Legal qualification is mainly viewed in terms of the individuals’ age; where individuals below the legal age framework, are considered to be either legally unable to make or think and certain decisions. Engaging such group of individuals in the research can be considered illegal despite these people also forming a significant portion of consumers. It is thus being considered as contravening the Children’s rights which are legally binding and protected. However, even if this individual undertaking the response is considered to be legally competent, it does not really relieve the researcher as they are still expected to and charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the participant gets to understand the information provided and also be able to exercise the free power of will and choice. Information Perception of information depends solely on an individual. During the research, some respondent had trouble in understanding some survey questions like the one seeking to how frequent their neighbors use cupcakes and what flavors they like. Many did not know how precisely to answer this question as they cited the ethical aspect of neighborhood. It is always considered better for the information of research to be presented in an effective manner to the respondent. However, determining whether this information has been delivered or communicated in an effective way to a participant is often based on both the substance and manner (Chapin, 2012). This therefore wages the responsibility of the researcher to get to know what information had been given, and how that information was presented. This information has to be planned, organized and presented so that it can be fully and completely understood. It also a requirement that the information provided be fully and wholly understood by the participant. However, some respondents may present the impression of understanding the information even if they are not. It is thus the researcher’s responsibility to be aware and see this is accomplished. This perspective thus places a greater responsibility on the investigator to make sure that the information conveyed to the respondent is very effective (Goodridge, 2009). Voluntariness The study requires that respondents act voluntarily. From the research, it seemed that people are no longer willing to spare their time for study voluntarily as some respondents demanded some token before availing themselves. Participating in any kind of investigation requires that one does it voluntarily. This may be called at times the voluntary consent. Voluntary consent in many times takes into account each person’s ability and capacity for exercising and express freely the power of will and choice disregard of the use of coercion, the forceful, any fraudulent, deception, and or some other kinds of information extraction challenges or coercion. The right for exercising the choice should be expressed along the research process. The respondents were thus asked to appear for the study on their own volition. Some accepted while others refused. The ones who accepted formed a very important part of the study Intention of interpreting should always be to ensure that no forms of challenges and force should be allowed to either be explicitly or implicitly on the side of the researcher. The inclusive consideration for the forms of consent has greater effect on the way the study should be organized and executed. Every research circumstance often present varied sets of scenarios or circumstances, thus the consent protocol should be accordingly adapted. For investigators who operate in some areas like the children development sectors, the cognitive challenges, the mental stature, the type of participants that are frequently studied requires some special consideration and protection. Such participants are bound to receive repeated attention especially in the discussion. This is also viable in the examination of consent issues that regard who and the when. Who may have the mandate to give consent? The first answer to the question is the person’s parent, or guardian, or any other agent that is legally deemed responsible for this person and also authorized to act on this person’s behalf. Conclusion From the study, it is evident that there are several issues that arise from the research. The issues therefore need to be properly looked into whenever carrying out any investigation. 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