The Curiosity of the Individuals - Assignment Example

The Curiosity of the Individuals - Critical Thinking Critical thinking invites the curiosity of the individuals and urges them look into the phenomenon with a critical perspective in order to make in-depth analysis of the prevailing state of affairs. Hence, examining of the given information, in the form of a statement, figures and statistical presentation etc, in an analytical way is distinction of critical thinking. The people make countless statements while entering into interaction with one another. These statements, sometimes, carry logical fallacies, which must be avoided during conversation. Logical fallacies are actually presentation of arguments in favor of a reality, which though certainly exists but displays the lack of the speaker’s information and vision while making statement about one or more topics or issues. “A logical fallacy is, roughly speaking, an error of reasoning. When someone adopts a position, or tries to persuade someone else to adopt a position, based on a bad piece of reasoning, they commit a fallacy.” (logicalfallacies.info) Before embarking upon the topic under study, it would be appropriate that some terms should be defined to clarify the topic, which are as Following: Informal Fallacy: Formal fallacy is the fallacy that is dependent upon language. “A fallacy that arises from the content of an argument is called informal fallacy.” Formal Fallacy: “Formal fallacies are those which are outside the content of language--i.e., a fallacy that arises from an error in the form of an argument; it is (usually) independent of content.” (lander.edu) Implied Conclusion: Implied conclusion refers to the conclusion that is not clear; on the contrary, it is dependent of the content of the entire statement. Stated Conclusion: Stated conclusion simply means the statement in which clear and unambiguous conclusion is made by the speaker or writer. Stated conclusion is an independent statement, and does not require the support of content. The present paper aims to identify logical fallacies and the nature of fallacies by giving answers to each question separately, which are as following: 1: Based on informal or inductive logic, the statement contains logical fallacy in it. Finding one house each in suburbs and town reveals the sound observation of the finder, but being situated in suburban area does not prove that there is something wrong or untoward with it. Hence, the perception of something may be wrong is a logical fallacy. Since the statement interlinks two sentences on logical basis, it is a form of deductive argument. Since, it is not a clear statement and contains ambiguity in it; it is surely an implied conclusion. 2: Since rendering one’s services by working overtime is not the valid reason for getting promotion, making request on the claim of working overnight is a logical fallacy. Since the statement is dependent of content, yet provides the readers with a transparent end, it is an informal fallacy and a stated conclusion. 3: In this statement the speaker is blaming his opponent of displaying racial prejudice, which does not have any dual meanings in the end. Hence, the statement made by the speaker is a logical fallacy, which is certainly a deductive fallacy and stated conclusion. 4: Since the given statement relates one sentence with the other, and the second sentence is based on the content of first sentence, it is also an implied and informal logical fallacious conclusion. The statement is inductive in nature and being an ambiguous ending, it is an implied conclusion. 5: The statement reveals interconnection between three parts of logical statement. However, since it describes the fact from general to specific, it is an inductive statement and an informal fallacy. Having link with the content and leaving decision on the readers, the statement is implied conclusion in nature. 6: The given statement is attributed to renowned philosopher and thinker Rene Descartes. Being an independent and clear statement, and showing clear ending, it can easily be regarded as a deductive fallacy and a stated conclusion. 7: The given statement describes logical fallacy in a deductive mode. Since second part of the statement is dependent of first part and provides an interlinked end, and discusses the opinion of the speaker, it is an implied conclusion in nature. 8: The given statement is attributed to Browne & Keeley (2007:100). Being a clear, precise and systematic statement, it presents a deductive fallacy and a stated conclusion in it. 9: The statement under analysis is completely a logical fallacy, which is based on inductive logical fallacy. Since it is dependent of first part, and is based on the speaker’s views, it is an implied conclusion. 10: Though both parts of the given statement are inter-connected, yet they are independent in nature, and define a clear and unambiguous end. Hence, it is a stated conclusion. 11: The statement under analysis has been quoted from the works of Browne & Keeley. Being an inexplicit and indefinite statement with the indecisive end, it is an implied conclusion. 12: The quotation adapted from Govier’s work (2008: 159) defines Saddam’s character. Based on logical fallacy, it is not certain or clear end, and hence is an implied conclusion. 13: The statement under analysis consists of two parts, which are deductive in nature, and have relation of independent and dependent parts and uncertain end. Hence, it is an implied conclusion. 14. It is evidently a deductive logical fallacy, which has lucid end and thus maintains stated conclusion in it. 15. Being a clear statement and transparent end, this logical fallacy has stated conclusion. 16. The statement under analysis contains two parts in it, and the second one is dependent of the first part. It leaves decision on readers, so it is an implied conclusion. 17. The statement shows link between two parts in such a way that later sentence depends upon the validity of the earlier one. It also has an implied conclusion. 18. This precise but comprehensive statement finishes with a clear and conclusive end. Hence, it has stated conclusion. 19. Govier’s statement reflects depth of his insight and wisdom. Being an inductive logical fallacy it is an implied conclusion. 20. Though the speaker has rightly extracted a deductive inference out of a reality, but the outcome of his statement is a logical fallacy. Thus, it is a formal logical fallacy as well as an implied conclusion. REFERENCES: Gover, Barry. (1997) Scientific method: an historical and philosophical introduction Routledge Logical Fallacies http://www.logicalfallacies.info/ Fallacy Files http://www.fallacyfiles.org/ Fallacy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy http://philosophy.lander.edu/logic/nature_fall.html Read More