Are Private Universities Productive in Research - Essay Example

Are Private Universities Equally Productive In Research, As Opposed To Public Universities In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia (KSA)? Introduction Although historically, Saudi Arabia lacks in major evidences of educational development being in deficiency of Universities, since the recent decade the nation has evolved as one of the major educational hubs for both national and international students. In the current day context, there are several universities and colleges established which attracts domestic as well as international students. The historical need of educational development in Saudi Arabia is therefore evident from the first university of the nation, i.e. King Saud University, which was established in 1957 (King Saud University, 2015). This suggests that prior to 1957 there was almost no opportunity for higher education within the nation. Nevertheless, in the current day scenario, there are several private and public universities and colleges established in the nation. Moreover, the fact that these universities and colleges are associated with delivering several research papers should be emphasized, as it holds high level of prominence in enhancing its popularity. It is important to note that in the initial phase of educational development in Saudi Arabia, public or government universities and colleges were mostly established (Ministry of Education, 2015). These universities have been considered as highly effective in providing quality education to its students. This quality education in public universities and colleges in Saudi Arabia has attracted considerable number of students comprising both international and domestic pupils. Owing to such educational developments, several private entities in the last few decades have established some of the universities and colleges. However, quality education delivered by the private universities in the nation is still facing considerable uncertainty (Ministry of Education, 2015). Nevertheless, the objective of the current study is to determine the research productiveness of private universities in Saudi Arabia in comparison to the public universities. Correspondingly, the study aims at gaining an insightful knowledge and understanding of the facts pertaining to research publications and further intends to analyze the reasons as to why public universities were able to deliver a higher number of research papers in relation to private universities in the nation. Research Question This research study has been conducted with the aim of addressing the research question as outlined below: Are private universities equally productive in research, as opposed to public universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)? Research Methodology The research study on ‘Are private universities equally productive in research, as opposed to public universities in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)?’ has been conducted with the help of a qualitative research study, wherein data has been gathered from secondary sources encompassing scholarly articles and Saudi Arabian University websites. Furthermore, the data has been analyzed with the help of trends charts, highlighting the comparison of public and private universities based on the number of research papers. Analysis and Discussion Public Sector Universities in Saudi Arabia Observably, in the current day context, there are 27 public sector universities in Saudi Arabia. King Saud University, previously known as the Riyadh University, is a public university, is considered as the leading education institute in Saudi Arabia. This university has been the oldest in the nation, which was founded on 1957. This university has nearly 5,000 administrative staff members and over 51,000 enrolled students, which signifies its vastness. Through its journey, the university has developed its vision of “Global leadership and excellence in building a knowledge society”. The university comprises of 12 deanships, encompassing 24 colleges. Moreover, the university has published 9,746 papers as on 2012 and further holds 75+ patents. The university has 4,952 professors and the ratio of student to professor stands at 10.33:1, representing a positive situation (King Saud University, 2015). Another prominent public university located in Saudi Arabia is the Islamic University of Medina, which was established in the year 1961. The university operates with the prime aim of accomplishing its future vision of becoming a leader beacon that can be distinguished from others in terms of its techniques used for imparting Islamic knowledge. Moreover, the university envisions promotion of Islam as a language by providing of training, education and teachings to lawyers, educationists and others operating within the nation and under its judicial mechanisms. The university houses 11 deanships and 15 colleges, wherein, professors and students, owing to their quality knowledge and competencies, have published 10 articles and books until 2012. To facilitate quality learning, the university has employed 785 professors, wherein, the composition of students to university professors stands at 21.8:1 (Islamic University, 2014). Another top university of the nation is the King Abdulaziz University. This is also a public university, which is located in the city of Makkah. The success of the university is evident from its significant number of doctoral students, which is above 900. Moreover, the university also has over 40,000 and 2,000 undergraduate and postgraduate students. Besides this, the university has over 2,300 administrative staff members (King Abdulaziz University, 2014). The productivity in research in the university is also evident from the several academic awards that it has received. In this regard, it must be noted that the university is distinguished by eight deanships that encompass 18 colleges. This includes the appreciation from Commission for Academic Accreditation of Engineering and Technology, Vocational Education Council Commission, Geological Society, United Nations Development Programme, European Organization for Dental Education, and US Commission for the Blood Bank, among several other organizations. The university has made major contributions in enriching its research practices. This includes the departments of Water Research Center, Medical Research Center, Osteoporosis Research, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, and Islamic Economics Institute, among several others. As of 2015, the number of professors associated with the university stands at 7,228, wherein, the ratio of student to professors is 7.25:1. It can be interpreted from the ratio that there exists a balance between the professors and students, the validity of which can be retrieved from the fact that the university has published 14 articles and 4 books till date (Ministry of Education, 2015; King Abdulaziz University, 2014). King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals is another public sector university, which is also considered among the top educational institutes in Saudi Arabia. The university was established in 1963. However, during that period it was known as College of Petroleum and Minerals. It was further renamed in 1975 as University of Petroleum and Minerals, which eventually changed to its current name in the year 1986. In the current day context, this public sector university has over 800 staff members for more than 7,000 undergraduate and 500 postgraduate students (King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, n.d.). The university encompasses 10 colleges under 8 deanships, wherein, the number of professors as of 2015 is 1,045, showcasing a ratio of students to professor as 7.25:1. Until 2012, the university has engaged itself in publishing 4,037 papers and has established itself as a prominent university attaining 392 patents. This university provides productive research in several subjects related to basic science, engineering and applied engineering, environmental design and community development among others. Moreover, in order to conduct effective research studies, the university has franchised several research institutes. These include the Centre for Communications & Information Technology Research, Centre for Environment & Water, Center for Petroleum & Minerals, among others. Furthermore, the university also conducts excellence in research in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals, Nanotechnology, Corrosion, and renewable energy (Ministry of Education, 2015; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, n.d.). King Faisal University is another important public university located in Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. The university was established in the year 1975, and since its existence, the university has established 12 deanships and 18 colleges. Moreover, King Faisal University has developed itself as one of the prominent institutes that has been able to publish 1,154 publications until 2012. Moreover, the university has been able to incorporate 20 patents with its name, owing to the fact that the university has 1,387 quality professors, apart from 21,856 excellent student base, thereby having a student professor ratio of 15.75:1 (King Faisal University, 2015). King Abdullah University of Science and Technology is another example of a leading educational institute in Saudi Arabia, which is also a public sector university. The university was established in 2009 and has over 1,200 postgraduate students. However, it does not host any graduate programme at the current scenario (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 2015). The university comprises of five deanships, which encompass 18 colleges. Moreover, the university has published 1,409 papers as of 2012, apart from 38 patents. Although the university is a comparatively new set up, it has made some of the major contributions in research. These include the research centers for Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials, Desert Agriculture, Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering, Water Desalination and Reuse, and Computational Bioscience, among several others. Moreover, in order to gain excellence in its research process, the university has obtained the support from Office of Competitive Research Funds (OCRF), Office of Competitive Research Funds (OCRF), and Postdoctoral Support and many more (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 2015; Ministry of Education, 2015). Taibah University, located in the holy city of Medina in Saudi Arabia, is another prominent university that provides quality education to students and excels in the field of continuous quality improvements and establishments of an integrated structure that supports quality education. The university imparts education with the help of 13 deanships and 28 colleges. Additionally, the university encompasses a student base comprising of 45,787 postgraduate and undergraduate students, wherein the number of professors as associated with the university stands at 16.33, thereby representing the student to professor ratio of 28.03:1. The university also supports application of quality research and development in the field of biological science and industrial departments (Taibah University, 2014). King Khalid University is a public state university in Saudi Arabia, which is also among the top universities in the nation. The university was established in 1998 and is located in the Asir Province of the nation. The university has more than 1,500 postgraduate students and over 72,000 graduate students (King Khalid University, 2015). Additionally, King Khalid University serves eight deanships comprising of 52 colleges. Moreover, as of 2012, the university published 788 papers and has three patents in its name. The university has 2,329 teaching professionals and the ratio of student is to professors is 17.87:1. Although the university conducts limited researches, the quality is highly appreciating. The university conducts researches on scientific, social, and linguistic studies (King Khalid University, 2015). Another major public sector university in Saudi Arabia is the Umm al-Qura University. The university was established in 1949 and is located in Mecca Province of the nation (Umm Al-Qura University, 2015). The university includes nine deanships, which further encompass 26 colleges. Moreover, until 2012, the university has published 539 papers and has 2 patents in its name. Additionally, the university has emerged as one of the largest public universities in Saudi Arabia in terms of number of professors. The university has 3867 professors, wherein, the ratio of students and professors is competitively higher, i.e., 15.87:1.This University has witnessed quality researches on several subjects, which include Medicine, Nursing, Dentistry, Social Sciences, Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Pharmacy, and others. The university also conducts researches on some of the other subjects such as Shari`ah and Islamic Studies, Arabic Language, and others (Ministry of Education, 2015; Umm Al-Qura University, 2015). Jazan University located in Jazan is yet another public university in Saudi Arabia, known for its use of contemporary teaching materials with the aim of imparting quality education to its student. Jazan University is a recently established institute that aims at serving the community by providing quality education and excellence in various fields, apart from preparing quality leaders in the field of business, health, education and governmental services (Jazan University, 2015). Additionally, Jazan University is aimed towards introducing itself as a gateway to future that is known across the globe for its academic excellence and service capable of delivering higher level of societal improvements through teaching quality graduates. As of 2015, the university encompasses 7 deanships, comprising of 17 colleges. Owing to its academic excellence and high level of investments in the field of research and development, the university has been able to publish 228 papers, as per the data collected until 2012. Moreover, the university offers quality education to its student base of 44,225 students, with the help of its professor base of 1,713 professors. The university incorporates a large base of professors, the validity of which can be observed from the student to professor ratio of the university. The university has a student to professor ratio of 25.81:1, which shows that there exists every single professor for 26 students. The university intends to grow itself and establish its name towards ensuring success of the forthcoming educational dimensions in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, the university deanships and colleges provide expertise knowledge abilities and deliver competencies towards ensuring the success of university in future. An assessment of the findings pertaining to number of research papers published by the public universities in Saudi Arabia, suggest that public universities were involved in publishing several research papers, wherein, King Saud University published the highest number of research papers. Private Sector Universities in Saudi Arabia Among the private universities in Saudi Arabia, Alfaisal University is considered to be at the top and leading. The university was established in 2002 and currently, it has enrolled domestic and international students of over 1,500. It is considered as the single private university, which is ranked among the top universities in Saudi Arabia (Alfaisal University, 2015). Alfaisal University has gained popularity amongst other universities owing to its ability to deliver excellent education and infrastructural facilities across 5 deanships that encompass 5 colleges. Moreover, Alfaisal University follows a unique structure that is incorporated with university objectives aimed towards attaining higher benchmarks and use of learning with the help of evidence-based approaches. The university provides quality researches on several departments of higher education including business, engineering, medicine, science, and general studies. In business, the university has major contributions to researches on Accounting, Finance, Marketing, Human Resource, and others. In engineering, the university has contributed on Architectural studies, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, and Software Engineering among several others. The university also has major contributions in medicine, which is evident from the vast research outcomes in Anatomy & Genetics, Physiological Sciences, Pathology, Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Biostatistics & Epidemiology, and Surgery, Obstetrics & Radiology among several others (Alfaisal University, 2015; Ministry of Education, 2015). Effat University is another significant private university in Saudi Arabia. The university was established in 1999 in Jeddah. This university has over 220 staff members providing services to over 1000 graduate students in the current phenomenon (Effat University, 2015). It is worth mentioning that although the quality of education in this university is considerable, it is arguable that the research quality of the university is not as appreciating. The university herein deals with several subjects, which include business, science and humanities, engineering as well as architecture and design. The university has 2 deanships, which facilitate quality learning through its 4 colleges (Effat University, 2015). Another private university in Saudi Arabia is the Fahd bin Sultan University. The university was established in the year 2003. Although the university has major contribution in producing some of the quality students, its quality and quantity of research outputs are limited and hence, not highly appreciative as compared to other universities (Fahad Bin Sultan University, 2015). Furthermore, the university has three deanships and four colleges, which altogether aim at fostering quality education and achieve excellence. The university provides educational facilities on business and management, computing, engineering, science and humanities. The university also has the vision of enriching its research output and dealing with more subjects. However, in the current day context, the performance of this university is not as satisfying (Fahad Bin Sultan University, 2015; Ministry of Education, 2015). Another private university of Saudi Arabia is the University of Business and Technology (UBT). Although the university was previously been a college and was commonly known as College of Business Administration (CBA), the incredible performance of the college through providing quality educational outputs has upgraded it as the recognition of an university. The university was established in the 2000 and is located in Jeddah and Dahaban in Saudi Arabia. It is worth mentioning that the university solely focuses on business sector education or professional learning. The university has however not been competitively effective in contributing quality research outputs, due to its new up-gradation to a university, but it has the vision of providing quality research output in applied studies and Research and Development studies. In addition, it is also worth mentioning that the university also has the motto of providing job opportunities to the students through quality education. This has significantly attracted the students to get enrolled in the university (Ministry of Education, 2015; University of Business and Technology, n.d.). Arab Open University is yet another prominent private university located in Dammam, Saudi Arabia that specializes in imparting quality education to students and strengthens its core vision of establishing itself as a benchmark in providing quality education to its students. Owing to intensive research in the field of research and development, the university has been able to establish itself as a pioneer in developing several innovations, owing to which the university has been able to publish 37 journals in its name until 2012. Moreover, the university specializes in providing educational guidance to professors as well, thereby enhancing the chances of future success and development in the field of education. The university comprises of 54 deanships that further incorporate five colleges (Arab Open University, 2015). Al-Yamamah Private University is also a major university that houses 1 deanship, segregated into five colleges, with 652 professionals. The university provides quality education to students at low costs in the field of bioscience, engineering, medical science, business management, amongst several others. Moreover, the university aspires towards establishing itself as a prominent Saudi Arabic institution, which is known worldwide for its quality and specialized education, apart from effective preparation of professionals targeted towards attainment of higher goals, thereby ensuring improvement and consistency in teaching (Al-Yamamah Private University, 2015). Comparative Analysis and Discussion From the data collected in the current study, it is eminent that majority of the private universities in Saudi Arabia were established during the last two decades. On the other hand, the public universities of the nation were mostly established since 1957 (King Saud University, 2015). Thus, it is ascertain that private universities has comparatively lesser time to establish itself as a reputed organization, which produces quality research outputs. Owing to the fact that public universities in Saudi Arabia has been existing for a longer period, it has better scope for producing higher number of research outputs. Thus, public sector universities in Saudi Arabia have been more productive in producing researches in comparison to the private universities (Ministry of Education, 2015). Moreover, it is also eminent from the current study that majority of the public universities in Saudi Arabia are among the list of top ranked educational institutes. On the other hand, among the private universities in the nation, none of them have been able to attain the reputation of top 5 universities. It is the Alfaisal University, which arguably ranks within the list of top 10 universities in the nation in terms of producing overall quality education. However, it is also worth mentioning that besides Alfaisal University, the other private universities have extremely poor rankings. This signifies that the private universities in Saudi Arabia are not equally productive in producing quality education in comparison to the public or government universities of the nation (Ministry of Education, 2015). Besides the above arguments, which suggest that private universities in Saudi Arabia have not been equally productive in research in comparison to public universities, there are some more arguments in support of the same. In this regard, it is eminent from the current study that the public universities in Saudi Arabia have contributed in several fields of education. It has been effective in producing research outputs in wide variety of subjects. However, the private universities in Saudi Arabia have been able to produce researches of very limited subjects and topics in comparison to the public universities. Moreover, it is arguable from the data collected in the current study that private universities in Saudi Arabia are not effective in producing quality research outputs, especially when compared to the public universities of the nation (Ministry of Education, 2015). On the other hand, it is eminent that the research outputs of the public universities are mostly quality enriched and hence, the research outputs are highly appreciated. Thus, it is also eminent that the research outputs of the private universities in Saudi Arabia are not equally effective in producing quality research outputs in comparison to the public universities. Furthermore, it is also eminent that the quality research outputs produced by public sector universities have also led those entities to attain several academic awards and credentials. However, the number of credentials and awards received by private universities in the nation is comparatively less to that of the public universities in the nation (Ministry of Education, 2015). As can be inferred from appendix 12, it can be observed that a majority of the universities holding the top-most rankings in Saudi Arabia as of 2014 are public universities. In this regard, it is worth mentioning that the rankings have been derived based on the independent variables of variable/s incorporating Quality of Education, Alumni Employment, Quality of Faculty, Publications, Influence, Citations, Broad Impact and number of Patents. With respect to the aforementioned factors, a number of trend charts have been diagrammatized below, which reveals that the public universities are ahead of private universities in every scenario. Trend Chart displaying comparison of Public and Private Universities in Saudi Arabia in terms of number of deanships: Trend Chart highlighting comparison of Public and Private Universities in Saudi Arabia in terms of number of Colleges: Trend Chart highlighting comparison of Public and Private Universities in Saudi Arabia in terms of number of papers: Trend Chart showcasing comparison of Public and Private Universities in Saudi Arabia in terms of number of graduate students: Analysis of the aforementioned figures provide a comprehensive understanding of the various facts pertaining to the number of research papers published by the public as well as private universities located in Saudi Arabia. Based on the analyzed outcomes, it is worth mentioning that the public universities in Saudi Arabia have published a higher number of research papers in comparison with the private universities. Concerning the aforementioned outcome, it is worth mentioning that the public universities excel in the number of research papers published since they possess a higher number of professors and students in comparison to the number of professors and students in private universities. Moreover, early establishment, apart from higher number of deanships and colleges can be considered as another significant factor behind higher number of papers delivered by public universities in comparison with private universities. Recommendations In order to improve the research quality and productivity of the private universities in Saudi Arabia, it is important to draw particular recommendations. In this regard, it can be recommended that private universities must recruit highly skilled faculty members. This would significantly support in research development in those private universities. It is also recommended that at instances, where there is unavailability of skilled faculty members, the private universities should recruit from foreign nations. Besides, it is also worth mentioning that the private universities in Saudi Arabia also have opportunities for recruiting members as a visiting or guest faculty. In this regard, the private universities could recruit some of the highly skilled public university faculty members on their week off days. This presence of the skilled faculty members would certainly improve the quality of research studies produced by the private universities. It is also recommendable that the private sector universities should include a few more subjects in its research studies. It is thus notable from the current study that the private universities in Saudi Arabia have incorporated a comparatively lesser number of educational subjects, which has in turn largely discouraged students to enroll in those private universities. Thus, increasing the number of subjects in private universities would certainly encourage both domestic and international students and thereafter, enhance the quality performances of these educational institutions. This would eventually lead to the overall development of private universities in the nation. Hence, there would be hardly any difference in the research productivity between private and public universities in Saudi Arabia. Conclusion From the course of the study, it has been evidently observed that educational development in Saudi Arabia has started very lately, but gradually it has made significant leaps towards betterment within the sector. This is largely because of the effective research outputs obtained from public universities of the nation. The last two decades have also witnessed significant introduction of private universities within Saudi Arabia. However, it is notable from the study that the private universities have not quite been comparatively productive in producing quality research outputs. The number of research outputs of private universities has therefore been comparatively less. In this regard, it is worth mentioning that King Saud University has established itself as a prominent public university in Saudi Arabia, which has published 9,746 papers until 2012, and thus, it is apparently higher in comparison to any other private university. Besides, it is also eminent from the study that private universities are mostly ranked in bottom among the universities in Saudi Arabia. This also signifies the ineffectiveness of private universities in producing research outputs. However, in order to promote private universities in the nation, it is recommendable to such universities to recruit high skilled faculty members. Moreover, the universities should also introduce wide number of subjects that would considerably encourage students. Eventually, it would establish equal productiveness of private universities in Saudi Arabia as opposed to public universities in the nation. As can be interpreted from the analysis of the public and private universities based in Saudi Arabia, it is worth mentioning that public universities are much involved in developing research papers and conducting research in comparison with the private universities. Due consideration must be placed towards ensuring equality of research opportunities between the private as well as public universities of Saudi Arabia. Hence, there is a need to lay stress on encouraging students and professors engaged in private universities to take up research projects. Additionally, the private universities need to open up a higher number of deanships and colleges for the students, thereby ensuring that they are capable of selecting and conducting the best suitable research. Additionally, firms and educational ministries located in Saudi Arabia, must take steps towards funding the research projects undertaken by professors and studnets in private universities, thereby ensuring that they are provided maximum opportunities pertaining to conducting research studies and publishing higher number of research papers. Furthermore, there is need to consider the fact that universities located in the U.S. have been able to generate higher number of papers in comparison with the Saudi Arabian universities. This is because of most of the universities in Saudi Arabia had been recently launched or else have gained acceptance as university. Moreover, there is lack of adequate resources for ensuring publication of higher number of papers in Saudi Arabia when compared with U.S., which is another constraint in lower number of research publications. Therefore, Ministry Of Education in Saudi Arabia, must take pertinent steps towards ensuring that the public as well as private colleges established in Saudi Arabia are provided equal opportunities of publishing research papers, thereby ensuring continuous growth and development of the nation as a whole. References Al Yamamah University. (2015). Home. Retrieved from: http://yu.edu.sa/ Alfaisal University. (2015). Academics. Retrieved from http://www.alfaisal.edu/academics Alfaisal University. (2015). Home. Retrieved from: http://www.alfaisal.edu/ Arab Open University. (2015). Home. Retrieved from: https://www.arabou.edu.kw/ Effat University. (2015). Research. Retrieved from http://www.effatuniversity.edu.sa/Pages/Homepage.aspx Fahad Bin Sultan University. (2015). Home. Retrieved from http://www.fbsu.edu.sa/# Islamic University. (2014). Home. Retrieved from: http://www.islamicuniversity.edu.in/ Jazan University. (2015). Home. Retrieved from: http://www.jazanu.edu.sa/sites/en/Pages/Default.aspx King Abdulaziz University. (2014). Home. Retrieved from http://www.kau.edu.sa/Home.aspx King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. (2015). Research. Retrieved from http://www.kaust.edu.sa/ King Fahd University for Petroleum and Minerals. (n.d.) Research. Retrieved from http://www.kfupm.edu.sa/default.aspx King Faisal University. (2015). Home. Retrieved from: http://www.kfu.edu.sa/Sites/Home/en King Khalid University. (2015). Home. Retrieved from http://www.kku.edu.sa/ King Saud University. (2015). Research. Retrieved from http://ksu.edu.sa/ Ministry of Education. (2015). Open data. Retrieved from http://he.moe.gov.sa/ar/default.aspx Taibah University. (2014). Home. Retrieved from: https://www.taibahu.edu.sa/Pages/EN/Home.aspx Umm Al-Qura University. (2015). About us. Retrieved from https://uqu.edu.sa/english/ University of Business and Technology. (n.d.). Academics. Retrieved from http://www.ubt.edu.sa/Academics Center for World University Rankings. (2014). Saudi Arabia. Retrieved from http://cwur.org/2014/saudi-arabia.html Appendices 1. Universities in Saudi Arabia with publications and papers (2012): (Source: Thomson Reuters, 2014) 2. Universities in Saudi Arabia with publications and papers on Clinical medical and health sciences (2012): (Source: Thomson Reuters, 2014) 3. Universities in Saudi Arabia with publications and papers on Biological sciences (2012): (Source: Thomson Reuters, 2014) 4. Universities in Saudi Arabia with publications and papers on Physical sciences and mathematics (2012): (Source: Thomson Reuters, 2014) 5. Universities in Saudi Arabia with publications and papers on Engineering and technology (2012): (Source: Thomson Reuters, 2014) 7. Universities in Saudi Arabia with publications and papers on Social sciences (2012): (Source: Thomson Reuters, 2014) 8. Universities in Saudi Arabia with publications and papers on Arts and humanities (2012): (Source: Thomson Reuters, 2014) 9. Patent filing Activities (2012): (Source: Thomson Reuters, 2014) 10. Publications and Funding in a gist (2012): (Source: Thomson Reuters, 2014) 11. Number of University students and Professors (2015): (Source: MoHE, 2015) 12. Ranking of Saudi Arabian Public and Private Universities based on variables such as Quality of Education, Alumni Employment, Quality of Faculty, Publications, Influence, and citations, Broad Impact, Patents and Score as of 2014. (Source: Center for World University Rankings, 2014) Read More