Design Optimisation Using 3d Magnetic Fields from a Multi-Objective Point of View - Capstone Project Example

To optimize the design configuration of an axle counter system through a conductor plate to extend the range of the system for detecting the existence/position of a wheel. The highway-rail grade crossing can be seen as a special type of highway intersection or in other words, a multiple transport model using basic elements of the intersection. The driver for instance must be able to accurately yield the right of way as opposed to traffic, unlike a highway to highway intersection. The opposing traffic-the train must not always give a right to the highway vehicle.

This section discusses railroad transport components. Furthermore, there are some instances where the train speed has been restricted to help improve safety. Practices of restricting speed normally affect the efficiency of services hence no resource maximization. This is due to the fact that the longer the time during which the crossing is closed to the highway traffic, the motorist, in this case, can take a risk by passing over the crossing the junction and this manner, the crossing will be closed until the traffic is over.

It increases the capacity of track in terms of usage and movement of the block concept and the dynamic braking curves. The complexity and workload for the drivers were reduced due to the introduction of a driver machine interface (DMI) for all trains in Europe. The new policies further reduce the number of trackside signal equipment. It further resulted in the creation of a single radio communication system which would result in the support of a new command control system. The radio would also replace all the legacy voice communication.

The rules also introduced the railway emergency call (REC) which has greatly improved the efficiency of communication. The overall cost reduction across the European markets die to train market uniformity. An axle counter system is normally used for counting the number of train axles coming in and out of a given rail track. It normally makes use of electromagnetic flux linkage which is between two coils that are specifically mounted on both sides of the rail and it helps in the detection of the passage of the wheel. 

In this manner the wheel detector is able to detect the wheel when the aptitude is correctly induced voltage in the receiver within or less that the required threshold level. The estimation process which represent the relationship between the change in voltage verses the angles ØR and ØT and this is what is describes as the optimization estimate function. This is done using the RSM by finding the highest value possible of the function and its optimal design point. Generally the relationship structure between the dependent and independent variables is not known.

The first step in the building the RSM is to find the suitable approxximation to the actual relationship. In conclusion, as multicore processors turn out to be progressively common and the quantity of CPU centers on a solitary chip develops, the parallel nature of dataflow code may prompt its expanding thought as a dialect of decision for implanted framework outline. Conversely with abnormal state parallel programming APIs and undertaking based methodologies, dataflow dialects' inalienable consideration of information reliance data gives an unmatched capacity to take programmed favourable position of multicore processors.

In the event that the objective of parallel programming apparatuses is to empower developers to concentrate on the issue they are endeavouring to illuminate instead of the execution subtle elements, then dataflow is a stage in the right course. Table of Contents ABSTRACT 2 Table of Contents 4 LIST OF FIGURE 8 CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 11 1.0 Introduction 11 1.1 Qualitative description 11 1.2 Contributions of the project 12 1.3 Suitability for undertaking the project 13 1.4 Refining the project 15 1.4.1 Specific objectives and value 15 1.4.2 Viability of the project 16 1.4.3 Technical assumptions 17 1.

5 Planning the project 18 1.5.1 Non-technical assumptions 18 1.5.2 Different stages and methodologies of the project 19 1.5.3 Software requirements and data generation 20 1.5.4 Equipment and facilities 21 1.5.5 List of references 21 1.5.6 Timeline 22 1.5.7 Learning needs 22 1.5.8 Risk assessment 23 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 27 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 Theoretical review 29 2.2.1 Traffic Monitoring Theory 29 2.3 The Railroad Transport 30 2.4 The train 30 2.5 The track 32 2.6 Signalling 33 2.

7 European Rail Traffic Management System 34 2.8 European Train Control System (ETCS) 35 CHAPTER THREE: SIMULATION 40 3.1 Simulation of Railway Axle Counter 40 3.2 System design and Modelling 45 3.2.1 System architecture 45 3.3 Subsystem Detection 46 3.4 The train wheel detector 49 3.5 The Eddy Current Brake 51 CHAPTER FOUR: SOFTWARE ANALYSIS 54 4.1 Introduction 54 4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of data flow programming 55 4.3 Fundamentals of data flow programming 56 4.4 Rail system A Basic Dataflow Compiler 58 4.

5 For Multicore Processing-Using Data Flow Programming 61 4.6 Using Dataflow-Implementing Parallel Programming pattern 63 4.7 Example: A More Refined Dataflow Complier and Runtime Engine 65 4.8 Dataflow languages in Industry 68 CHAPTER FIVE: RESULT AND DISCUSSION 70 5.0 Optimization 70 5.2 The Speed Estimation and the Axle Spacing 76 5.3 Performance of Sensor 77 5.4 The Axle count System 79 5.5 The verification of the Axle spacing and speed 81 5.6 Multi-Objective Optimization results 88 CHAPTER SIX: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE STUDY 91 6.

1 Summary 91 6.2 Conclusion 96 6.3 Recommendation 99 Bibliography 99 Appendices 104 LIST OF FIGURE Figure 1: Rail track system………………………………………………………………… 23 Figure 2: Major parts of the ERTMS………………………………………………………. 24 Figure 3: signal process and system………………………………………………………. 25 Figure 4: Major parts of ETCS…………………………………………………………….

28 Figure 5: Simulation process of axle counter system……………………………………….