Financial Leisure Constraints - Essay Example

rsоnаl Сritiquе Student Name: Student ID: Instructor Name: Date of Submission: In week 6 lessons we learned about leisure and lifestyle barriers and constraints. In that week lessons I have learned that leisure particiapation barriers or constrains focuses on those factors that prohibit individual from participating or enjoying themselves in leisure. Jackson (1988) has defined leisure constrain as factors that limits leisure satisfaction or participation; while Crawford et el (2005) have argued that leisure constraints affect both participation and its leisure preferences. In have also learned that leisure constraints can be categorized intor three elements, i.e. interpersonal leisure costraints; which defines social elements that have negative effect on the development of leisure activity preferences, such as lack of companionship (Crawford et al., 2005).Intrapersonal leisure constraints which defines individual psychological elements that has an effect on the development of leisure participation preferances, for example shyness (Crawford et al., 2005). And lastly, structural leisure constraints consist of those elements that intervene between leisure pearticipation and leisure prefeences (Crawford et al., 2005). In week 6 lessons, I have also learned that structural leisure constraints include elements such like lack of cost of activities or opportunities that are formed as a result of external conditions (Crawford and Godbey, 1987). Structural leisure constraint ca be said to be those intervening elements that are largely dependend upon in leisure participation and preferences (Jackson, 1988). For instance, structural leisure constraints may include climate, financial resources, scheduling of work time, references group attitudes concerning particular activities, availability of opportunity, and so forth (Crawford, Godbey and Jackson, 2005). Structural leisure constraints can be used to describe a young person that is unable to attend a soccer match because the entry ticket is expensive, and the young person cannot afford the it (Chad, Gaitn and Scott, 1976). Another example, that can be used to describe structural leisure constraints is an individual who enjoys water surfing may be constrained if the whether is not favourable during that day, or structural leisure constrains can used to describe a disable person that has been constrained because the nature trail is not accessible with a wheelchair (Chad, Gaitn and Scott, 1976). I have also learned that structural leisure constraints will largely depend on the social action that create situations that provide opportunities for persons who may not have equal opportunity to access certain leisure activities (Crawford et al., 2005); but a person who overcome structural leisure constraints cannot be said to have overcome psychological factors but instead can be said to have overcome physical barriers. I have also learned that when a person is faced with financial leisure constraints, most of the time they find a way of saving money or identify less expensive leisure opportunities to take part in (Crawford, Godbey and Jackson, 2005). But when individuals are faced with little time, most persons are seen to reduce their time on home chores or reduced the time they will spend at work (Jackson, 1988). I have also learned, negotiation strategies can be grouped into cognitive or behavioral with latter can be grouped further into into skill acquisition, time management, changing interpersonal relations, physical therapy, changing leisure aspirations and improving finances (Chad, Gaitn and Scott, 1976). In intrapersonal leisure constraints, I have learned that it involves psychological elements and attributes that interact with leisure preferences rather than intervening in leisure participation and preferences (Crawford, Godbey and Jackson, 2005). I have also learned, intrapersonal leisure constraints can also be refered to those internal conditions that are in a person such as person’s personality, atitudes, factors or personal mood swings (Chad, Gaitn and Scott, 1976). For example, intrapersonal leisure constrains may include depression, anxiety, prior sociazation in specifi sport activities, stress, availability of various leisure activities, and so forth (Chad, Gaitn and Scott, 1976). But, an individual who is in a depressed state because of injuries may develop poor attitude towards a certain leisure activity, and due to that, the person will not have any interest in a specific leisure activity (Jackson and Rucks, 1995). An individual may have work that is engaging and he may need a lot of time to complete his work during his or her vacation. I have also learned that leisure constraints have a direct negative effect on outdoor leisure participations. But, according to Jackson and Rucks (1995), leisure constraints are not fixed barriers that can prevent individual from participating in leisure activity, rather, a person can be able to negotiate or overcome their leisure constraint that he or she encounter (Manfredo et al, 1996). For example, bridge players from time to time have the tendency of acquiring information about their opportunities, they manage their time and develop new skills. I have learnded in the week 6 studies that intrapersonal leisure constraints are as a results of interpersonal relationship or interactions between personal characteristics or attributes (Chad, Gaitn and Scott, 1976). Intrapersonal leisure constraints arise from the interaction with other individuals, or the concept of interpersonal relations in general (Jackson, 1988). An individual who feels he/she lacks friends with whome he/she shares interests in activities may encounter interpersonal constraint if that individual is unable to located a collegue with whom he can get involved in leisure activity (Crawford, Godbey and Jackson, 2005). In week 6 studies, I have also learned about the hierarchical model that has been developed by Jackson et al. (1993). Hierarchical model has been noted to integrate previously developed leisure constraint models (i.e. structural leisure constraint, intrapersonal leisure constraint and interpersonal leisure constraint) into a single hierarchical leisure constraint model (Chad, Gaitn and Scott, 1976). Jackson and collegues have argued that as far as leisure constraint is concern, barriers are seen to be encountered hierarchically (Jackson, 1988). I have also learned that, in hierarchical model, individual preferences in leisure is created at the intrapersonal constraint (Chad, Gaitn and Scott, 1976). But when the intrapersonal constraint is found to lose its effect due to the existing series of desired or human privileges, at any rate, intrapersonal leisure constraints is found to be absent (Chad, Gaitn and Scott, 1976). In the next stage, an individual may encounter interpersonal constraints (Chad, Gaitn and Scott, 1976). Interpersonal constraint may occur is a person need a another person for companion in order to participate in a specific leisure activity (Crawford, Godbey and Jackson, 2005). If an individual is able to control this type of a leisure constraint, the structural constraints is seen to take effect on their decision for participating in a certain leisure activity (Crawford, Godbey and Jackson, 2005). As discussed earlier, structural leisure constraints may include elements such as problem with facilities, time limitation, social and geographical isolation, cost of participating, individual commitments and lack of abilities or skills. In the same way, activity and participation emerge, when structural constraints are seen not to exist (Crawford et al., 2005). I have also learned, leisure participation hinges on leisure constraints. In other words, absence of leisure constraints, cannot be defined as participation, rather participation will occur or will not occure as a result of negotiation of these leisure constraints (Chad, Gaitn and Scott, 1976). Such negotiation may change the form of leisure participation but will not stop it. The “negotiation thesis,” is based on the idea that if a person is experiencing leisure constraints, a person will find ways and means to take part in leisure activity, even if such participation will differ from what they would have beenin the absent of leisure constraint (Crawford et al., 2005). References Chad Gordon, C. Gaitn and J. Scott. (1976) ‘Leisure and lives: personal expressivity Acmes the life span’. in Handbook of Aging and social science. .Binstock and E.Shams(New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold,. Crawford, D. W., Jackson, E. L., & Godbey, G. (1991). A hierarchical model of leisure constraints.Leisure Sciences, 13(4), 309–320. Crawford D, Godbey G, Jackson E. (2005). A hierarchical model of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 13, 309-320.Department of Sport Sciences, Master’s Thesis. Jackson, E. L. (1988). Leisure constraints: A survey of past research. Leisure Sciences, 10,203– 215. Jackson, E. L., & Rucks, V. C. (1995). Negotiation of leisure constraints by junior-high and high-school students: An exploratory study. J ournal of Leisure Research, 27 (1), 85–105. Read More