The Interpretations of Various Business Modelling Systems - Essay Example

Business Modelling Customer Inserts His/Her Name Customer Inserts Grade Course Customer Inserts Tutor’s Name Insert Date Here (Day, Month, Year) Executive Summary This paper is related to the ideas and the interpretations of various business modelling systems. The elaborations are related to Management-information system (MIS), Decision Support Systems (DSS), Expert systems, Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and End-user development (EUD). The paper also makes a discussion about appropriate programmes for interpreting Spreadsheet program and Database program. Table of content Introduction 5 Part I Management-information system 5 Part II Decision Support Systems 6 Part III EXPERT systems 6 Part IV Systems Development Life Cycle 7 Part V End-user development 8 Part VI SPREADSHEET program 9 Part VII Database program 10 CONCLUSION 10 REFERENCES 11 Introduction The chief objective of this paper is to make a very distinctive analysis of the relevant topics related to Business Modelling. The topics that are being dealt here are Management-information system (MIS), Decision Support Systems (DSS), Expert systems, Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and End-user development (EUD). There is also an elaborative analysis over the application of suitable programmes in terms of Spreadsheet program and Database Programme. For more appropriate analysis the paper has been thus distributed in seven parts respectively. The comments and the point of view of eminent scholars are integral to the purpose of the paper. Part I Management-information system (MIS) 'MIS' is a well planned system for the purpose of collecting data, processing process, storing and above all disseminating data. These are the form of information that are needed to carry out all kinds of functions of system management. As stated by Phillip Kotler, ‘a marketing information system consists of people, equipment, and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely, and accurate information to marketing decision makers’ (Kotler, Phillip and Keller, Kevin Lane; Marketing Management, Pearson Education, 12 Ed, 2006). MIS is under restrictive sense, as better undertaken as information technology management. Prof. Allen S. Lee is of the view that ‘...research in the field of information systems examines more evaluative means than the technological system. This can be assesses through the social system or sometimes through both the systems side by side. Added to this there is also the investigation for the formulisation of the phenomena that gets emerge in a state when both interact’ (2001). Part II Decision Support Systems (DSS) Decision Support Systems (DSS) has been identified as a specific class related to computerized information system. It gets synchronised to support the business and all kinds of organizational decision-making activities. According to illustrations made by Keen, the concept for decision support gets evolved from particularly two areas of research. These are the theoretical studies for the purpose of organizational decision making as initiated by Carnegie Institute of Technology during the session of 1950s to 1960s. The next area of research is the technical work over the interactive computer systems. This gets well carried out by Massachusetts Institute of Technology during 1960s (1978). As a matter of fact a well designed DSS is actually an interactive software-based system. This system intends to help the activities of the decision makers, in order to compile all the useful information from collected raw data, practical documents, refined personal knowledge, and business models. The purpose is to identify and solve the interrelated problems by appropriate decisions. For Power, in absence of all-inclusive definition, the extensive focus gets over the history of DSS (2003). Part III Expert systems The understandings related to Expert systems have got the participation of software for the reproduction of performance more than more human beings in the same field. There are wide variety of methods that can be utilised the simulation of performance of the expert. The expert systems are recognised through the creation of established knowledgebase analysis. The utilisation of knowledge gets the representation formalism in order to capture the subject matter experts that are known as SME knowledge. Further it gets the support of the process for the gathering of knowledge from SME and gets codified as per the sorted formalism. As stated by Peter Jackson, (1998), this gets recognised as the knowledge engineering. It is the Expert systems that can be or may be not well equipped with the learning components. However there is always the scope for the third element. This element is the system that keeps the track of the developments related to the same real world process of problem solving situation, just like that of human SME. The formulisation is typically established as an aid to human workers and to the consequences in relation to the supplement to some kind of information system. Part IV Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) gets the identification as a logical process that is used by a systems analyst. The purpose is to develop an adequate information system, with the requirements, necessary validation, appropriate training and the ownership of the user. According to James Taylor (2004), it is very necessary that SDLC gets generated with high quality system provision. It is the means of meeting the customer expectations, within sorted time and range of cost. The affiliation gets determined as it works efficiently and effectively within the structured current Information Technology infrastructure. The scopes of maintenance are organised in a very affordable range to get the cost-effective stipulation to enhance. As a matter of fact the whole computer systems have turned up to be complex, especially in terms of the advent of Service-Oriented Architecture. The complexity gets nourished through the link multiple traditional systems that are basically handled by different software vendors. The maintenance gets managed through a definite number of SDLC or the system development life cycle models. In the academic sense, the importance of SDLC can be accessed through the use of referring to various models of business. For Geoffrey Elliott (2004), in terms of project management, it is well established that a project has got the scope of both a life cycle along with SDLC. The functionality takes place during a situation when there are a number of typical activities gets analysed and acknowledged. In case of the project life cycle or the PLC, there is the provision to encompass all the activities related to the project, whereas in the application of SDLC, the chief focus is over the accomplishment of the product requirements in the specified field. Part V End-user development (EUD) End-user development (EUD) is a kind of selective research topic that is established within the field of exploring computer science. As states by Pliskin, Nava; Shoval, Peretz (1987), there are the elaborations of various activities or predominant techniques that are meant to bring in the scope of development for all those people who are not well estimated as professional developers. The purpose thus is to create or to modify the exact software artefact for the accurate analytical basis. There are many examples for the elaboration of EUD. One such is demonstrated through the process of programming to the determined extend and adaptability of an existing package. This can be mirrored by an office suite. The scholarly analysis discovers two basic reasons for the basis of identifying the causes that has made EUD so popular. According to Sutcliffe, Alistair (July 2005), the first is the situation under which the organizations are facing absolute delays on submission of the projects. However by the participation of EUD there are many effective results related to the cutting off of time for the completion on a particular project. The next reason that paved the way for the popularisation of EUD is the implementation of the software tools for more powerful and much easier means to use. Part VI Spreadsheet program The appropriateness of a 'spreadsheet program' is well designed for the purpose of performing the general computation tasks. Its usability gets recognised through spatial relationships instead of time as the primary factor for the organizing principle. The programme that makes a spreadsheet more convenient to use is the mathematical graph. This is because it is here that the nodes are identified in the spreadsheet cells. Added to this the edges are better established in order to refer to the other cells for the specified in formulas. This programming is called the dependency graph of the spreadsheet. It is here that the references between all the cells are considerably taken under advantage of spatial concepts. As stated by Burnett, Margaret; Atwood, J., Walpole Djang, R., Reichwein, J., Gottfried, H., and Yang, S. (March 2001), these concepts are like those of relative position and the absolute position. Provisions for the scope of naming locations too are integral to this programme. It is thus meant to make all kinds of spreadsheet formulas more comprehensible and manageable. Part VII Database Programme In case of data modelling language the purpose is to define the schema related to each of the database. These are hosted in the form of DBMS database model. There are four most common types of established notions of organizations. These are the hierarchical model, network model, relational model and above all object model in the peripheral need of programming database. However for absolute persuasion of given database management system, these programmes can have the provision for one or more programmes; kept under use. The optimal structure of the selected programme depends on natural organization of the whole selective application's data. This is on the recognised on the application's requirements. For Thomas Haigh, (June 2006), all these requirements are structured through the transaction rate in terms of speed, absolute reliability, established maintainability, appropriate scalability and cost effective persuasions. Among all kinds of models, the most dominant models are recognised as the ad hoc programme embedded in SQL. Added to this, there are many DBMSs that are well supported by the Open Database Connectivity API. Conclusion It is thus can be well established that the business modelling needs to be dealt appropriately and more analytically. There are many scholarly formulisations, but the appropriate application of the system gets collected from pratica persuasions. References Burnett, Margaret; Atwood, J., Walpole Djang, R., Reichwein, J., Gottfried, H., and Yang, S. (March 2001), Forms/3: A first-order visual language to explore the boundaries of the spreadsheet paradigm, Journal of Functional Programming 11 (2): 155–206. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?aid=72731. Retrieved on 30th Jan, 2009  – spreadsheets as functional programmings Geoffrey Elliott (2004) Global Business Information Technology. p.87 James Taylor (2004). Managing Information Technology Projects. p.39 Joseph C. Giarratano, Gary Riley Expert Systems, Principles and Programming (2005), ISBN 0-534-38447-1 Keen, P. G. W. (1978). Decision support systems: an organizational perspective. Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. ISBN 0-201-03667-3 Lee, AS (2001). "Editor’s Comments". MIS Quarterly 25 (1): iii-vii Peter Jackson, (1998), Introduction to Expert Systems, ISBN 0-201-87686-8 Pliskin, Nava; Shoval, Peretz (1987), End-user prototyping: sophisticated users supporting system development. 4. pp. 7-17. doi:10.1145/1017816.1017817. ISSN 0095-0033 http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1017817 Power, D.J. A Brief History of Decision Support Systems DSSResources.COM, World Wide Web, version 2.8, May 31, 2003 Sutcliffe, Alistair (July 2005). "Evaluating the costs and benefits of end-user development" (pdf). ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes (ACM) 30 (4): 1-4. doi:10.1145/1082983.1083241. ISSN 0163-5948. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1082983.1083241 Thomas Haigh, (June 2006), A Veritable Bucket of Facts:' Origins of the Data Base Management System, ACM SIGMOD Record 35:2, The origins of the data base concept: early DBMS systems including IDS and IMS, the Data Base Task Group, and the hierarchical, network and relational data models are discussed in http://www.tomandmaria.com/tom/Writing/VeritableBucketOfFactsSIGMOD.pdf, [Retrieved on 30th Jan, 2009] Read More