Employment Relations, Globalization - Essay Example

Name: Professor: Corse: Date: Introduction Globalization refers to the movement of people, things and ideas across the cultural divide. It includes interaction of people of different religions, culture, business orientations’ and even different levels of civilization (Berroti 2008, 387). It encompasses the exchange of ideas that lead to business expansions, intermarriages, movement of religion and at times international threats. Globalization has a big impact on employment both in the host country and in the donor country (Mathias, & Petitt 2009, 94). This paper focuses on three areas that globalization affects the employment factor in the business world; international trade, foreign direct investment, and, immigration. For the purpose of the study, this paper focuses on China, United Kingdom and Turkey. International trade International trade is the exchange of goods and services across the national boundaries. International trade is either in bilateral form or in multilateral form. Bilateral trade is trade between two countries while multilateral trade is trade among more than two countries. China has the largest population in the world which by 2010 B. C it had risen to above 1.3 billion residents. Among these, only 67% of persons above the age of 16 are actively involved in productive employment in the country (Shimp 2010, 45). China, which is the second largest economy in the world according to 2010 statistics, has largely benefitted from international trade. The spontaneous need to improve the level of infrastructure in the third world countries has brought high competition between the eastern countries and western countries (Bragg 2012, 87). The western countries refer to Europe and America while eastern countries refer to Asian countries. There are two key areas that China has been keen in as far as international trade is concerned. The first area that china has been keen on is the building and construction industry. Considering the high population in the country, China has had a need for its population to have ease in movements. This led to the rise in many construction companies many of which are government sponsored (Yadong 2007, 28). The companies that have seen the highways in China become benchmarks have transformed into multinational companies. The government of China has been involved in bilateral talks with individual countries especially in Africa where its companies have been given tenders to construct their highways (USA Int'l Business Publications 2012, 59). In the period between 2009 and 2012, the government of China has been extending such services to the Governments of Kenya and the Tanzania both of which are in the sub Saharan Africa. This has seen the rise in the rate of employment exportation from china to the third world countries. The government has banked on the fact that most of the host countries for these contacts do not have the professionals that can be able to manage the level of construction that the construction companies in china engage in (Jaion 2007, 369). The other field that China has heavily invested in is the information technology and electronics. These two go hand in hand. When compared top the western countries, China has been able to manufacture less expensive products. These products are both in the auto motives, the electronics and the products used in computerized environments (Besley & Brigham 2011, 61). By doing so, China has been able to gain bigger market in the third world countries. While there is a need for the use of technologically improved devices in the recipient companies, their economies are not sufficient to provide its citizens with the more expensive products whose main producer is the United Kingdom (Koschinic 1998, 487). This has led to an increase in the level of internal employment in China. The electronic manufacturing companies have been demanded by the market to increase the number of human labor so as to satisfy the market. Foreign direct investment Foreign direct investment refers to a scenario where a company or the government of one country makes a direct impact on the production in another country. United Kingdom is one of the countries that have benefited from foreign direct investment both in its economy and also in other economies (Besike 2007, 69). In the year 2012, the rate of foreign direct investment in the United Kingdom was seven percent. This was accounted by close to $54bn investments in that year. According to the national statistics, this catered for more than a quarter of the GDP that year. The factors that have led to the high rate of foreign direct investment include international trade agreements with the eastern countries among them China and Japan world number two and number four economies respectively, reduction of trade barriers that limited such investments, fair taxation for international companies and high level of technology (Ranchhod & Gurau 2007, 254). The foreign direct investment in the United Kingdom has created employment for a population whole level of education is above 85 percent of persons above the age of eighteen (Bragg 2010, 123) United Kingdom has also seen its companies and the government making direct investments in other countries. Indeed, United Kingdom being the country that arguably colonized most countries had the first chance of enlightening itself on the resources that are available in different parts of the world. In its colonies, the United Kingdom has remained the benchmark of civilization and thus British companies are in most cases preferred to other companies (UK Trade & Investment 2012, 32). British companies that have made direct investment internationally include; British Airways (an air transport company), De Larule, (a printing company that majors in money minting) and British American Tobacco (a tobacco manufacturer whose shareholders are drawn from Britain and the United States of America). Immigration Immigration refers to the movement of people from one place to another. It may also refer to the movement of technology across the national boundaries. Immigration can be permanent or temporary. Permanent immigration refers to a situation where a person moves fro his home countries and either adopts the citizenship of the host country or gains permanent residency in the host country (Donaldson 2011, 26). One of the Eurasian countries that has seen a high rate of immigration is Turkey. Turkey is sandwiched between Europe and Asian lead to a conflict in the classification. On the southern part, Turkey is bordered by Iraq and Armenia, countries that have been affected by the global Fight against terrorism due to the allegations that the administrations of the countries favor extremist groups (Tim 2013, 56). On its north, Turkey is bordered by among other countries that enjoy relative peace. This contradicting environment capped by the good international relationship that the government of Turkey has with European, Asian and African countries has lead to high rate of immigration into the country. Immigrations form south is usually due to war where Iraqis search refuge in turkey (Fox 2011, 148). The legal immigrants and the illegal migrants have led to increase in employment in a country that hosts many local and international ship building companies. The company is also reaching in iron and steel and the immigrants have been helpful in reducing the cost of labor in the mines. References Berroti, R., 2008. Common Use Facilities and Equipment at Airports. New York: Cenage Brain Besike, B., 2007. Loyalty Management in the Airline Industry. London: ICI Besley, S., & Brigham, E., 2011. Principles of Finance. Canada: Cengage Brain Bragg, S., 2010. Accounting Reference Desktop. New York: Wiley Bragg, S., 2012. Business Ratios and Formulas: A Comprehensive Guide. New York: Willey Donaldson, M., 2011. Turkey. Turkey: Lernerclassroom Fox, S., 2011. Business Etiquette For Dummies. New York: Willey Jaion, P., 2007. Financial Management. London: Tata McGraw-Hill Education Koschinic, W., 1998. Management and Marketing / Management Und . Canada: Walter de Gruyter Mathias, J., & Petitt, B., 2009. Saudi Arabia: Ready for Takeoff? New York: Thunderbird Ranchhod, A., & Gurau, C., 2007. Marketing Strategies: A Contemporary Approach. 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