Strategies For Successful Kiosk Implementation - Research Paper Example

Strategies For Successful Kiosk Implementation Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Literature Review 5 2.1 Touch screen System 5 2.2 Touch Screen Technology 5 2.3 Application of Touch Screen 7 2.4 Advantages, Disadvantages and Ergonomic Aspects of Touch Screen 10 2.5 Strategies for Successful Kiosk Implementation 11 2.6 Application of Kiosks in Shopping Mall 14 2.7 Example of implementation of Kiosks 15 15 2.8 Different Techniques of Way Finding in a Shopping Mall 15 2.9 Touch Screen Information kiosk in Other Technologies 16 2.9.1 Resistive Touch-Screen Concept 17 2.9.2 Surface Acoustic Wave Touchscreen 18 2.9.3 Capacitive Touch Screen Technology 18 2.9.4 Other Technologies 19 2.10 Human Computer Interaction 19 2.11 Ubiquitous Computing 22 2.12 2 D Barcode Scanner 25 References 26 1 Introduction Prior to the commencement of any research project, it is necessary to understand the related topic of the project which helps the researcher to proceed towards his destination smoothly and enable him to analyse the critical issues. This research paper encapsulates the topic related with the information kiosks and its implementation on the shopping mall. Along with certain other issues, the uses of 2D barcode scanner are quite important in this respect and a detailed discussion on this topic has been discussed in the latter parts of this report. To keep pace along with the changing consumer requirements business entrepreneurs need to identify latest technology that can bring down the operating cost of their business and kiosk is one of such innovative solutions. With the help of it, one can open their own retail business or store with very small investment. It enables the entrepreneur to save the operating costs as they can reduce the number of staff and the advertising media costs. They can even save rental fees also. A very recent concept related to this topic is the mall kiosks. A mall kiosk is basically a kind of retail booth which can be found in the aisle of the shopping malls also. It is a recent innovation for the retail world. It has been noticed that throughout the malls, kiosks are now omnipresent in shopping centres. Though this has been appeared in the 1990, but after various changes now mall kiosks are available with a new look, shape and style which is very user friendly. In a mall where a retailer uses kiosks actively, it can attract the passer-by and invite them to try their products or to come only for a demonstration. This model of kiosk can benefit the mall through utilising an unutilised area as a retail space. As all the retailers do not need to keep a huge stock therefore they can minimise the store area and simultaneously, the mall authority can also increase its number of stores in the mall. Even it can be only used as an advertising media also as it can provide various unusual and interesting offerings like futuristic ice creams. Even in a shopping mall, kiosks can be considered as a pathfinder. A suitably designed kiosk can enable the customers or visitors to reach their destination without wasting of time and concurrently they get a chance to acquire more information regarding the current offers and changes. The most interesting idea regarding the implementation of kiosks in a shopping mall is its rental facility. The owner of the mall kiosks can rent it and can charge as per the demand. It refers that for the holiday season when the malls are usually flooded with the customers the owner can charge more and vice-versa. All these merits of the mall kiosks make the customers visit again to that shopping mall which increase the customer loyalty and can add value to the operational efficiency. It has been intended to develop an application that can give more benefit to the customers or the visitors for shopping or for finding out shops. It has been already discussed that the touch screen kiosks are very useful especially in a shopping mall where various kind of visitors and customers usually come. It is not necessary for all of them to operate computers very well. So the popularity of the touch screen technology is gradually increasing. Now with the intention to make it more preferable and user friendly an innovative technique has been developed. With the help of 2 D barcode scanner, interactions with the kiosk can be easier. The customers can scan into their mobile the barcode of the product that they need and then can encode it through the touch screen kiosk in shopping mall. Thus, customers can easily get access to their required products within a short period of time. 2 Literature Review 2.1 Touch screen System A touch screen is an input device and a computer display screen. This screen is sensitive and enables the user to interrelate with the computer through touching words or images. It is beneficial for the home entertainment system, education and presentation purpose, interactive display kiosks and learning disability (Touch Screen System, n.d.). 2.2 Touch Screen Technology Junja (2008) in his article of touch screen mentioned three touch screen technologies. Those can be presented as follows: Resistive This kind of touch screen panel is coated with the thin metallic electronically resistive and conductive layer which may cause an alteration in the electrical current which is recorded as a touch event and forwarded to the controller for processing. According to Junja (2008), these panels basically are more affordable then other two panels but provide only 75% clarity. Also there is a risk of damage by sharp objects. The good side is that it will not be affected by outside elements such as water or dust. Surface Wave This technology uses ultrasonic waves that go to the panel of touch screen. A portion of the wave will be absorbed while touching the panel. Here also, the portion of touch events will be registered and then this information will be forwarded to the controller for processing. This touch screen panel is usually considered as the most advanced among the three types. Unlike the resistive type it may be damaged through the outside elements. Capacitive The last one is the capacitive touch screen panel which is covered with a material where electrical charges are stored. Little amount of charge will be drawn to the point of charge after touching the panel. The charge will be measured through the circuits which are situated at each corner of the panel and then the information will be sent to the controller for the purpose of processing. Unlike the resistive and surface wave type, the capacitive touch screen panel must be touched with fingers only. It has more advantages than the other two as it is not influenced by the outside elements and it also provides high clarity (Junja, 2008). 2.3 Application of Touch Screen Touch screen can be considered as the easiest PC interface to use. It has a wide variety of applications. According to the information provided in Touch Screen Input Systems from Mass Multimedia Inc, few applications of the touch screens can be analysed as follows. Public Information Displays Trade show displays, information kiosks, tourism displays and other electronic displays are generally used by many people who do not have any computing experience or by computer illiterate. Especially for novice users, the touch screen interface is user-friendly and can be less frightening. Basically it helps by making the information easily available through enabling the users to navigate their presentation only by touching the screen. Retail and Restaurant Systems For retail and restaurant sector, time is considered as money. Because of the user friendly nature, employees are able to get work done faster and simultaneously it also reduces the time span of training session for the new employer. The most important application is that it saves the counter space as it can be used as order entry station and cash registers. Customer Self-Service To become convenient with the fast pace world, the problem of delay time can be reduced by a considerable extent. It refers spending valuable time in a queue or line. Self-Service Touch Screen Terminals can speed up and improve customer service at transportation hubs, busy stores and fast-service restaurants and more. Even for the financial services such as banks (ATM) and for e-ticket terminals those are also self-service stations, which can provide a better service with touch screen input (Sharma, n.d.). Control and Automation Systems Basically for all kind of control systems starting from industrial process control to the home automation, touch screen interface is useful everywhere. Combination of both input device as well as display and touch screens interface are helpful for reducing valuable workspace. Even through the graphical operators and interface, it can be controlled and monitored complex operations. Computer Based Training As the training time for the novices can be diminished through the touch screen interface, it also reduces the training expenses. Touch screen makes the training process more exiting for the trainee as fun and interactive session has involved with it. Assistive Technology Touch screen interface can be helpful for those who are not comfortable with using input devices such as key board and mouse. Other uses The wide range application of the touch screen interface is basically because of improving the human - computer interaction. Its other applications are student registration systems, digital jukeboxes, software, financial and scientific applications, computerized gaming, multimedia and more (Sharma, n.d.). 2.4 Advantages, Disadvantages and Ergonomic Aspects of Touch Screen The advantages of touch screens can be presented as below: In case of the touch screen, it is the input device that only works as the output device. It is useful to reduce the workspace and beneficial for the novice to learn or to work with. Another benefit is that all the valid and important inputs are displayed on screen itself. Command selection is comparatively fast in touch screen. Like other instruments it also has disadvantages that have been well described by Namahn. In this technology it is very difficult to select or choose a small item. The most critical issue is the possible retrofit problem. In this case, arm fatigue is possible and to avoid it, the users have to sit within the arm’s reach of the display. The Namahn (n.d.) has also shown the ergonomic aspects. He built up the relation between the arm fatigue and touch screen inclination. It can be presented through a table. Arm Fatigue Touch Screen Inclination 22.5% Least fatiguing 30% Best trade-off for Precision and Comfort 90% Poorest Inclination (Namahn, n.d.). 2.5 Strategies for Successful Kiosk Implementation Tyco Electronics has done a detailed research on successful kiosk implementation. It has pointed out several related issues in this topic. It has started with an example of Kiosk Market. According to it, the demand for the kiosk is day by day increasing. In 1996, where 21,000 kiosks had been shipped in US, the number expected to raise more than twenty fold by 2003. According to the view of the Tyco Electronics the reason behind it was the decline of hardware costs and the uses of more sophisticated technologies. It also provides a positive return-on-investment. The research report of the Tyco Electronics had also described that how kiosk get more success in last few years and can be considered as the proven technology. Basically an electronic kiosk consists of a touch screen monitor, credit card reader, computer and printer and all of these are enclosed in a cabinet. Though kiosks have existed since 1970, dramatic changes have been noticed during last few years in the kiosk’s activity. These results from several factors: public acceptance, reduced hardware cost, pervasive networking capabilities, advances in multimedia and the growth of the internet. Public Acceptance User friendliness, popularity and success of ATMs paved the path for the widespread acceptance of kiosks. Now for any variety, public has become comfortable with the kiosks. Implementation of the touch screen even increase the acceptance level as the people lacking in the computer experience can also use it. Reduced Hardware Cost Declining costs of the computer related kiosk components lead to decline of the kiosks cost. Due to all of these reduced capital outlets, now organizations can anticipate a higher return on investment from implementation of the kiosks. Pervasive Networking Capabilities Previously for modifying or updating any kiosks application, it was needed to reinstall software at each of the kiosk. With the improvement of technology and because of advanced network computing, it has become possible to update kiosks from a centrally situated computer. Now it is easy to input up-to-the-minute product availability, price changes, or new interest rates. Nowadays, through installing kiosks having “thin clients”, the organizations are saving their hardware costs. Advances in Multimedia For creating multimedia application, one need to develop advanced tools and it has become possible because of the enhanced multimedia capabilities of the personal computers. The kiosk developers, mainly those leveraging these tools, are able to lessen the development cost while enhancing the abilities of kiosks. Because of the other new technologies like smart cards and signature cards, there are expanded kiosks solutions. Internet Growth The growth of kiosks installations has been increased by the augmented use of the World Wide Web. Presently many organizations have used and are installing ‘internet commerce kiosks’ which enable customers purchase online through internet access. The research report of the Tyco Electronics has further described how a kiosk can enhance the profitability. It mentioned that without increasing floor space kiosks allow the manufacturers or the shopkeepers to enlarge inventory through internet commerce kiosks. It becomes easier to access information at 24 * 7 without increasing the customer care personnel. With the help of kiosks, the retailer can offer customized products and services to their customers and become able to enhance their profitability through organizing a unique market niche. Apart from these, the employer can reduce the training cost of the employees as touch application of kiosks is easy in comparison to the computer based training or traditional training procedure (Elo Touch Systems, n.d.). 2.6 Application of Kiosks in Shopping Mall Presently most businesses try to ensure the availability of kiosks in the sales market. In return, they receive the benefit of increased sales revenue. The reason behind gradual increase of the popularity of the kiosks in the shopping mall is the familiarity of customers with kiosks. The authors had further stated about the applications of the kiosks. Kiosks can be considered as the self scanning terminals where the customers usually check the price of certain products. Product advertisement on digital sign can also be possible here. The customers are able to search any shop or product interactively. At various location of the shopping mall, kiosks provide a sitemap and direction to the customers. The kiosks also provide the recommendation to the customer according to their preference and queries. Even sometimes it also works as the checkout system from where the customers can scan their bags and pay for the products they had purchased. On-line or off-line gift service is also possible through kiosks in a shopping mall. Digital in-store merchandising is also possible with kiosks. The factors described can aid a shopping mall to increase visual attraction and also would help in improving its operations as well as the overall facilities which are provided (Kiosk Design and Manufacturing, n.d.). 2.7 Example of implementation of Kiosks Hartland Electronics has used kiosks and it has been reported in the beginning of 2005. Hartland Electronics is one of the UK’s most reputed technology companies and has been involved with many technological challenges. Kiosks are one of the components of those technologies. They use both internet kiosks and touch screen kiosks. The Sales and Marketing Director of Hartland’s Dave Marsden has applauded the system as they able to save cost and got an opportunity to build up the revenue (Tyco Electronics, 2005). 2.8 Different Techniques of Way Finding in a Shopping Mall Certain alternatives related to traditional kiosks were discovered by Bill Gerba. He has also written a document on this topic. He stated that for most of people the interactive kiosks mean some sort of computer and input peripherals such as touch screens and industrial key board. Even if they are asked about the digital signage, then also they will talk about plasma screens or LCD displays. But the author had mentioned that a new class of display and input device is now emerging that can give tough challenge to the industry workhorses and can draw a line between the digital signs and kiosks. He added that these new technologies had been leaded by the companies like Hitachi and 3M and often termed as the on-glass or through glass projection. He had included quotation from Hitachi’s Airsho webpage that ‘The system makes clear 60’ images appear on the exterior side of an ordinary window by using the projector, installed inside the room or store, to project the images onto the transparent screen, which is attached to the window pane. Gerba has specifically stated, “This display is an excellent way to capture the attention of passing people, which makes it ideal for a wide range of applications, from advertising and promotion to information provision and displaying attractions” (Gerba, 2004). Regarding 3M, it has dissimilar take on the technology. For preventing image distortion they use polymer micro bead film. According to Gerba (2004), these current solutions are expensive and need high end projectors to display the best quality images but simultaneously it claim to be able to be seen in broad day light and can make screen “canvases” and it can be as big as 100 square on a transparent glass surface. Apart from these, the author has also highlighted some less expensive alternatives. Polarizing Projection Screens are not transparent but still can appear brighter and are more visible in daylight as they are focused on light (Gerba, 2004). 2.9 Touch Screen Information kiosk in Other Technologies There are basically seven other technologies of touch screen. Those are 4-wire resistive touch screens, 5-wire resistive touch screens, capacitive touch screens, pen touch capacitive touch screens, surface acoustic wave touch screens, and near field imaging touch screens and infrared touch screens (Touch Screens, n.d.). Now one by one all these technologies can be explained with previously conducted researches. 2.9.1 Resistive Touch-Screen Concept Brenner & Sullivan (2008) have researched the topic of resistive touch screens. The principal parts of this topic can be attached with the literature to understand the basics of this technology. According to them, a resistive touch screen is built with two transparent layers, covered with conductive material piled on the top of each other. The top layer creates contact with the lower layer when pressure is given by a stylus or by a finger on the screen. A voltage divider is created when voltage is applied across one of the layers. To find the Y coordinates a voltage, across the one layer in the Y direction can be applied and then voltage generated by voltage divider should be read. The same will be applicable while finding out the X coordinate. Only voltage will be applied on the other layer towards the X direction (Brenner & Sullivan, 2008). ATMEL, a corporate website has published an article regarding the 4 and 5 wire touch screen. As per its view, these touch systems are the most popular touch screen technologies. These are quite common technologies. It has also mentioned that Resistive 4- and 5-wire touch systems market share is about 75% mainly because of the simple interface electronics and low costs. Resistive system might be found in mobile applications which included Smartphones and PDAs also (ATMEL, 2007). 2.9.2 Surface Acoustic Wave Touchscreen ‘A Touch User Guide’ is a technical website that had conducted a detailed study on ‘Surface Acoustic Wave Touchscreen’. For basic understanding of this instrument, the features of this can be discussed in this section. It is sensitive but response is very fast. It has deep scratch resistance and abrasion which make it more durable. In comparison with others, it has highest resolution. This kind of touch screen is basically active with the gloved hand, finger or by leather or soft stylus. It has a splash and dirt sealed capability. Even for OEM custom size is also available (A Touch User Guide, n.d.). 2.9.3 Capacitive Touch Screen Technology In capacitive touch screen technology, the touch pad is comprised of a two layer grid. This grid is of electrodes and a sophisticated fully customised Signal Integrated Circuit (IC) mounted on the reverse side of the pad is linked with it. The lower layer is contained of horizontal electrode stripes where the upper one is composed of vertical electrodes strips. The advantage of this technology is that it transmits light from the screen almost 99% (Electronics, n.d.). 2.9.4 Other Technologies For the other technologies, the researcher has to depend on the Touchscreen website which provides adequate data related to this topic. Regarding the pen touch capacitive, it has stated that it is durable and attached with pen style. It is set to response only with finger or pen or with both. This capacitive touch screen is consisted with glass panel along with a capacitive material coating on its surface. The changes in frequency are measured because determining the X and Y coordinates of touch events. It provides high clarity, touch resolution and durability. It usually not affected by moisture or dirt. Another type is that of near field imaging touch screens. According to source, it is extremely durable screen which is really suitable for any harsh environment and in industrial control systems. Because of its rugged screen type it is not affected by most surface contaminants, vibrations and scratches. Regarding the infrared touch screens the TVI Electronics has said that it has it provide high image clarity along with the flexibility to response to any input stylus or device (Electronics, n.d.). 2.10 Human Computer Interaction Hewett & Et. Al (2009) has conducted a study on human computer interaction. According to them this is a discipline, which is concerned with the evaluation, design and implementation of interactive computing systems basically for human use. It can be also used for the major phenomena surrounding the human being. The authors have described it from the computer science perspective also. According to it, focus should be on the interaction and especially on interaction between more computational machines or more humans. They added that for other disciplinary perspective, the focus will be also different. The definition will be changed for both the perspective for the computer science and for the database system or business. Human computer interaction is an interdisciplinary area. It is rising as a specialist concern within several disciplines and each may have different emphasis. Computer science can be considered as the application of engineering and design of the human interface. The other discipline is the psychology, which is the application of the empirical analysis and theories of cognitive process of user behavior. Next is sociology and anthropology which emphasise on the interaction between the work, technology and organization. The last discipline is the industrial design which promotes interactive products. To provide further characterisation of human–computer interaction, the authors have made a list of some of its special concerns. HCI is concerned with joint performance of tasks by machines and humans; human capability of uses machines; structure of communication between machine and human; programming and algorithm of the interface itself; the process of design, implementation and specification of interfaces and last one is the design trade-off. Thus, they had concluded that human–computer interaction has engineering, science as well as designing aspects. The authors had further stated that because of the human-computer interaction studies and as both the human and machine are in the communication system therefore both of them draws supporting knowledge from both the sides. Authors had mentioned the relevant factors of both the sides. In the human side, cognitive psychology, graphic and industrial design disciplines, linguistics, communication theory, social sciences, and human performance are relevant (PROZ, 2009). In case of the machines’ side operating systems, techniques in computer graphics, programming languages and development environments are relevant (Hewett & Et. Al., 2009). Apart from this general discussion, also the authors have mentioned few most vital aspects in this regard, one of that is the future development of human- computer interaction process which has a great impact on the particular topic that the researcher has been conducted. They highlight the forces that can affect the nature of future computing. These forces include declining hardware costs leading to faster systems and larger memories; miniaturization of hardware which will lead to portability; fall in power requirements leading to portability; new display technologies that will be beneficial for the packaging of computational devices in new forms; absorption of computation into the environment (e.g., microwave ovens, televisions); expertise hardware leading to new functions (e.g., rapid text search); amplified expansion of distributed computing and network communication; gradually more widespread utilization of computers, basically by people who are not concerned with the computing profession; growing innovation in input techniques (e.g., gesture, pen), combined with reducing cost, leading to fast computerization by people earlier left out of the "computer revolution"; wider social concerns which is directed to enhanced access to computers by presently disadvantaged groups such as physically/visually disabled young children (Hewett & Et. Al., 2009). Reuters (2009) have also worked on the topic Human - Computer Interaction. According to them, this is a combination of cognitive science, social science, and computer science and system design. The authors actually divided it into two points. The first one is the user science and the second one is system design. According to them, the first one refers to a scientific understanding with the cognitive behavior of the computer users and the social and organizational impact of the computer use. Basically it deals with individual users, a small working group of users and with a larger organisational and social context of user communities. In case of the system design, it is basically interested in “all the way from user-interface design techniques to participatory design practices, and it is also concerned with the process of designing” (Taylor & Francies, n.d.). 2.11 Ubiquitous Computing Ahmed (2009) has defined this term not only as a technology which disappears in the background but as an exclusive user friendly facility has been provided to the users and it does not need any specific attention. The author has identified that the idea of this has came from the “Literacy Technologies”. It refers to the other source of information such as logos, maps, charts, billboards and others which can provide information easily to the users and they need not to provide active attention. This is not like the traditional sources of information such as book, magazines and others. He has explained it with an example of ambulance. The horn of an ambulance enables people to understand that there is some emergency and they automatically reacts on that situation and clears the road. According to Weiser, “Ubiquitous Computing enhances computer use by making many computers available throughout the physical environment, while making them effectively invisible to the user” (Ahmed, 2009). Its history says that Richard Bruce, Bob Sprague and their fellow members at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Centre, which is known as PARC Electronics and Imaging laboratory (EIL) in late 1987, proposed an idea. It was to construct large, flat panel and wall-sized computer displays from large amorphous silicon sheets. It has been also assumed that this technology will enable the displays to be utilised as an input device for scanning images. The purpose behind introducing this innovative concept was to reduce the threads of usage complication of personal computers. Weiser was the person who have popularised the term ubiquitous computing. As per his views, “The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are distinguishable from it” (Ahmed, 2009). According to Ahmed (2009), this technique has been used to define a future where computer will be able to affect every action of human life as it will be so numerous. He has compared ubiquitous computing with virtual reality. According to him, it is completely different from the virtual reality. Virtual reality tried to put the people inside a computer based world where ubiquitous computing tries to take the people out of this world and to stay more with people (Ahmed, 2009). Jani Nurminen has described the principles of the ubiquitous computing. According to him, the objective of a computer is, helping the users to do something different. He defined the best computer as the quiet and the invisible servant. The user will be considered smart if they are able to do more by intuition. Technology should generate calm. Weiser and Brown have described calm as a technology that informs but does not demand attention (Nurminen, n.d.). 2.12 2 D Barcode Scanner An article of Dataintro website provided the entire details of the bar code and 2D bar code. Even it has attached its applications also. This paper will help the researcher to gain a complete overview regarding this technology. It is basically a series of stripes, mainly black, on a light background, especially white, and that can be read and scanned directly into a computer. The most important thing related to the barcode is the elements in a bar code symbol and that must be of a proportional and consistent thinness and thickness. In the two dimensional (2D) symbols, through both the width and height of the symbol, the data are encoded. The data contained in a one dimensional symbol is significantly lesser than the data contained in a single symbol. Even it is also possible that more than thousands of alphanumeric characters can be potentially positioned in a single symbol. The remarkable aspects of the 2D symbols are its potential durability. Regarding the two dimensional scanners, initially it were far more expensive in comparison with the 1 D scanners but the developments of the microprocessor have brought the cost down by about 125% when compared to 1 D scanner. It renders scanning to be quicker and easier than before because of the advancing decoding algorithms. Even it provides superior readability of terribly - damaged symbols (Dataintro, n.d.). References Ahmed, W., 2009. History. Ubiquitous Computing. [Online] Available at: http://www.tcg-ai.com/documents/introductonToUbiCom.pdf [Accessed July 20, 2010]. ATMEL, 2007. Introduction. Four and five-wire Touch Screen Controller. 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[Online] Available at: http://www.kioskproducts.com/Kiosk_application_retail.aspx [Accessed July 20, 2010]. Nurminen, J., No Date. Principles according to Weiser. Principles of Ubiquitous Computing. [Online] Available at: http://www.it.lut.fi/ssotc/ssotc06/presentations/ssotc06_principles_of_ubicomp.pdf [Accessed July 20, 2010]. Namahn, No Date. Ergonomic Aspects. Touch Screens – The Ergonomics. [Online] Available at: http://www.namahn.com/resources/documents/note-Touchscreens.pdf [Accessed July 20, 2010]. PROZ, 2009. Explanation. Human Computer Interaction. [Online] Available at: http://www.proz.com/kudoz/spanish_to_english/automotive_cars_trucks/3355279-iteraci%C3%B3n_hombre_m%C3%A1quina.html [Accessed July 20, 2010]. Reuters, T., No Date. Aims & Scope. Human-Computer Interaction. [Online] Available at: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/07370024.asp [Accessed July 20, 2010]. Sharma, K., No Date. A Seminar Report on Touch Screen. SCRIBD. [Online] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/17051638/Touch-Screen [Accessed July 20, 2010]. Touch Screens, No Date. What Are Touch screens Used For? Home. [Online] Available at: http://www.touchscreens.com/intro-uses.html [Accessed July 20, 2010]. Touch Screens, No Date. Comparing Touchscreen Technologies. Support. [Online] Available at: http://www.touchscreens.com/intro-touchtypes.html [Accessed July 20, 2010]. Touch Screen Systems, No Date. Touch Screen. Introduction. [Online] Available at: http://www.touchscreensystems.co.uk/# [Accessed July 20, 2010]. Tyco Electronics, 2005. Hartland Electronics uses Elo Touchsystems Touchscreens for POS/POI Solutions in High Street Applications. Case Study. [Online] Available at: http://www.elotouch.co.uk/AboutElo/CaseStudies/hartland.asp [Accessed July 20, 2010]. Read More