Why the American Automobile Companies are not Successful in Thailand - Dissertation Example

 Topic: Why the American Automobile Companies are not successful in Thailand   Table of Contents: Chapter 1 –Introduction ………………………………………………………3 Chapter Two – Research Methodology and Procedure ……………………...6 Chapter Three – Literature Review …………………………………………..10 Chapter Four – Analysis and Results …………………………………………22 Chapter Five _ Recommendations ……………………………………………24 Chapter 1- Introduction 1.1 Thailand’s Automobile Industry is encouraged to Re Tool The triumph of the automobile industry inside Thailand more than the precedent decade has been built for the most part on the pickup truck, so to a great extent that Thailand has developed into the world's biggest exporter of pickups and their leading producer outside the United States. Nevertheless at the same time as fuel prices have escalated and Asian streets have be converted into more swarming, the administration has presented incentives to the producers of supplementary fuel-efficient vehicles. The major manufacturers have in detail discussed the opportunity of tax breaks, duty exemptions on factory machinery and training programs for automobile manufacturers who are agreeable to open up the factories who are pushing their efforts towards manufacturing economically -friendly cars, The , president of the Thailand Automotive Institute, emphasizes on the same , it also tends to outline upon a government led investigating organization which in turn facilitates the developmental forecasting and planning procedures and charts of the automotive loom. The Thailand automobile industry is determined to fabricate a propos 1.2 million vehicles in the present year in addition to exporting an approximate of a half, strengthening its position in the form of the third-largest Asian vehicle exporter, subsequent to Japan and South Korea. Thailand is in several customs a sufferer of its own success. The progress en route for an eco- friendly vehicle pleases, for illustration, Honda, which do not manufacture pickups at this juncture. But industry officials articulate the fact that Toyota, which had invested billions on factories and plants in order to manufacture pickups and several other very weighty vehicles, has been confidentially cynical regarding the arrangement. For this actual phase the government has made an effort to arrange to not to handle the country's asymmetrical excise and tax scheme, which initiates at a 3 percent for pickups and an approximate 30 percent for commuter cars. (Fuller, 2006) This in reality signifies that the Thailand industry of automobiles is on a rapid growth and developmental ride. But inside this industry in Thailand the US automobile industry has been trying to tap in. The two big automobile industry giants, Ford, Chrysler have tried their best too. …. It has been observed and factually proven by researchers that small cars are not highly in demand in Thailand. The Question then is: Why are these American Cars failing to make a mark in the Thailand Automotive Industry 1.2 The rationale Behind the Topic: This dissertation is aimed at: 1. Reviewing a background of the Thailand Automobile industry and its giants. 2. How have the American Automobile manufacturers been able to tap into the Thailand Automobile industry 3. Has this tapping in been successful if not then what have been the apparent reasons. 1.3 The structure of the Dissertation: The structure and composing of this dissertation will include the five Following chapters: Chapter 1 – Introduction Chapter 2 – Research Methodology and Procedure Chapter 3 – Literature review Chapter 4 – Results and Analysis Chapter 5 – Recommendations. Chapter 2 – Research Methodology and Procedure 2.1 Background: There are a lot of different ways, and methods that one can choose and select from, while deciding upon the research Mode. There exist both qualitative and quantitative modes of research. The research method, chosen greatly affects on how and what results are deduced from the data found. The selecting and deciding upon the method and the Procedure of research are distinct from each other. The researcher needs to be aware of all the target issues that have to tackled, so that the results can be the best possible ones. Their can be detailed market researches as well. Just Primary or only Secondary data analysis can also facilitate the process. What is very vital for us researchers to know is that whatever means of research we decide upon, will overshadow itself on the results and data found by the end of the process. Our topic has three folds to it:- 1. Reviewing a background of the Thailand Automobile industry and its giants. 2. How have the American Automobile manufacturers been able to tap into the Thailand Automobile industry 3. Has this tapping in been successful if not then what have been the apparent reasons. 2.2 Why using the secondary data modes would be most suitable: The basic rationale behind using the secondary data is referring to that sort of a data, which is actually been gathered and presented by someone else. In other words it is never a direct data collection. This is a complete contrast to the implication of the primary data. This specifies data collected first hand or in other words data composed individually. With reference to the vital resources that can be used to search through Libraries. Also, periodicals, journals, and data published and preserved in other collections. Further more, the data found through the use of the World Wide Web. The use of this technology has become much easier for us. As Globalization takes over all avenues rapidly. We are able to access such contents and library collections along with published journals, case studies etc. Reading each individually sitting in a library would be virtually impossible. Furthermore much, easier access to large databases, and surveys, experiments that have been carried out in the past. Is also one of the major advantages of using secondary data in the research process. These data providing sources also include within them vital information providing resources that entail within them a number of different cases, published reports, statistical Analysis of certain specific categories. Users can look up the category of their choice. There are three vital resource providing elements in the secondary data and information: For the reason that of the fact that numerous researches have been published earlier. And also there are automobile industry based researchers who are continuously involved in gathering information from all sorts of distinct markets as well as buyers and producers of all kinds This is quite not possible by one individual like me to gather. This process requires a team of individuals who would put their days and nights gathering relevant data, statistics and analyzing them, comparing them, contrasting them and presenting them in the required manner. Documents are most likely to provide the following: Raw data, so that these can be formed into perfect information sources. This information can include critical evaluations, comparisons and contrasts of the required topic. These can further be utilized as in the form of assessment indicators; These can facilitate the documentation of the intricate details of the elements involved. The quantitative data can facilitate the process of research in the following ways: make available data with the reference for the topic ; this data can also be used to evaluate and also analyze the requirements of the topic it can also be utilized in terms of revealing true facts that would not have been easy to find otherwise It can also help keep the researcher on track of the topic. 2.3 The use of reports published in the past: Their use can facilitate the evaluation of the found data and information stage. indication to a focused novel possibly will facilitate proposing a applicable display; More often than not a number of resources of data are presented in a way as to suggest conclusions. For instance, the assessment of interpretation from organizational data along with arithmetical sources may possibly be used to evaluate the differences involving participants in addition to the inhabitants on the whole. It may also be possible to calculate approximately the effects of using the foundation of secondary data or the modeling of the accomplishment of the research topic. Prearranged the variety as well as the effectiveness of using the secondary sources. It is essential to take a strict note of the fact that the use of Secondary data has got to take into consideration the morals or system put into practice in position for the information. The ethical considerations usually relate to the rights of the providers of the information. As a universal decree; the exploitation of the data and the information has got to be up to the standard of the contributor. They should definitely not be in violation of the original circumstances of gathering. The source being used for the information must be entirely accredited. Meta-evaluation can be looked upon as a very extraordinary case of secondary investigation. (Source book 2, 1) Chapter 3- Literature review 3.1 A background of the over all Thailand automobile industry and the United States Automobile Industry and their workings : despite the fact that every now and then being characterized like “constant” the global automobile industry continues to go through an intense along with a very vibrant transformation and flux . This is a flux that actually seems to flounce crossways towards the nationalized borders. These fluxes have affected the automobile industries in the United States., Japanese and Asia in particular. In order to be able to accomplish something, these automobile manufacturers have got to deal with hefty and multifaceted supply chains, production channels, in these various regions the automobile industries in specific in Thailand and the United States are quite large, and tend to follow opportunities in assorted national markets. Despite the fact that the nationalized policies play a very significant role in determining the milieu for the local industrialized operations and consequential yield, cost antagonism progressively more drives the automobile industry en route for international product contributions. The international automobile production capability is increasing these days further swiftly than it has in the preceding 20 or 30 years, and this has fascinating implications for the world’s automobile manufacturers . Without a doubt nearly all automobile manufacturers are very sanguine regarding the eagerness of consumers to obtain up this competence. at the same time as environmental issues subsist, they are not being factored into venturing decisions with reference to escalations in automobile manufacturing capacity. Currently , the globe has the aptitude of manufacturing around 15 to 20 million additional automobiles than it is at this time trading . The most recent four years have been astonishing for the united .States. Automobile organizations, earning them each year amid 13 and 14 billion dollars. This is forecasted as a probable financial feat for an industry that was being looked at as lifeless in 1990, after both General Motors and Chrysler were on the brink of filing insolvency. This was also when these American automobile companies concentrated harder on tapping onto the Thailand Auto market .This year once more will tend to be a stupendous year mutually for Ford and General Motors. In the case of the united .States. Automobile industry, nevertheless, extensive essential changes have taken place inside the automobile companies, permitting them to trim down surfeit capability and during the course of this development fiddle with their break-even points An additional tendency influencing the automobile industry is customer predilection for definite features. Customers are prioritizing and mostly selecting features as safety in terms of the provision of airbags, and a proper safety and antilock brake systems, with facilities such as potent engines, clout steering, and CD Players over automobiles who’s most important plea is mass and internal space. The Factors affecting purchaser choices are presentation, appropriateness to personal requirements, and family unit lifestyle, security, placate, and facade. Customers are screening a experience for the no-nonsense, as personified in the Toyota Camry and the Ford Taurus, individually zenith sellers in the standard price collection. The automobile manufacturers based in Thailand on the other hand, have augmented market shares. One of the most critical issues for the automotive industry today is competitiveness in cost, quality, and product offerings. Companies cannot survive in today’s market if they neglect any of these areas. Since so as to point, the differences amid the United States and Thailand in efficiency and eminence have decreased and efficiently vanished in new-fangled product development direct time, depicting a more thespian by and large enhancement in the aggressive position. The automobile is one of the largest quantities of intricate consumer products in existence. The automotive mechanized progression serves as the reality for the complete plan, expansion, and industrialized progression. Thus, automobile companies focus most of their concentration on indulging and civilizing the built-up process. From corner to corner of the world automobile industry, the differences in local averages in eminence, efficiency, and assortment are moribund. Inside regions, on the other hand, the variation in presentation is elevated, with hefty gaps amid the paramount and nastiest plants. It has also been observed by researchers that the Thailand and the U.S. automobile industries function in a different way. The American automakers more often than not make obtainable comprehensive designs. The world’s automotive manufacturing division majorly is made up first and foremost about 20 very hefty international corporations. The automobile manufacturing and supply division, nevertheless, consists of thousands of companies varying in mass from a small number of human resources to more than 100,000. Illustrating conclusions in relation to such a hefty and varied division is much more easily said than done for the built-up sector. Best practice in the automobile manufacturing level of association involves secure, credulous associations with hoary manufacturers and Suppliers that are familiarly occupied with the expansion and manufacture of the apparatus and subsystems they make available. In the preceding five years, Chrysler has assertively incorporated these conclusions into its modus operandi, General Motors has principally discarded that attitude, and Ford has developed everywhere in amid. The Marketing channels are speedily altering to keep up with the hasty rapidity customers of these days. The miscellany with which inhabitants congregate information makes conservative marketing channels insufficient to sustain augmentation, and this becomes a dilemma more than ever in the automobile industry. These Multi-channeled endorsements have got to be incorporated to obtain merchandise for the probable clientele. A Marketing channel is the peripheral contractual organization with which the management functions to accomplish an organizations delivery objective. On the whole, these marketing channels are associations amongst customers and producers. These Channels tend to carry products to the market and is the only place and procedure that can bring the company and the customer into contact. This element an essential for the success of any company or organization regardless the sector. It is for the reason that promotion channels incorporate such a fundamental responsibility in the sales of a business, that they must be customized to each precise marketplace. Together the United .States. And the Asian automobile manufacturers revolutionize their ways and modes majorly relying on the location of the market The Asian Manufacturer: Honda Motor Company tends to alter its marketing move towards the channels relying upon the target market. The United States subsidiary of Honda, American Honda Motor Company, functions in a different way than its parent company Honda. The techniques and advertising points made use of in the United States can diverge from the techniques in Asia. In the United States, a chief marketing conduit is the television. Honda reportedly spends millions of dollars every year on advertisements for its products. The Honda Accord was the earliest Japanese commuter automobile to be fashioned in the United States. for the reason that of its worldwide reputation, at the same time as the globe becomes additionally ‘globally sloping’, companies are formalizing analogous strategies in cooperation the United States and Asia to marketplace and sell automobiles. conversely, businessmen in the automobile industry converse of a ‘universal market’ but a small number of manufacturers tend to posses international knowledge, but Honda does, and thus applies diverse marketing channels in dissimilar cultures to be more effectual. Honda for the most part uses accepted conviction, the marketing channels being used in Asia are lot more multifarious than the channels those that are being utilized in the United States. In Asia, there a lot of middle men in the course of purchasing an automobile from the manufacturer to the customer with less profit per step. In the United States, on the other hand, there is smaller number of middle men with superior profit. For example, the marketing channels in the United States are characteristically producer, allotment center, and automobile trader. In Asia, on the other hand the automobile is conceded all the way through supplementary channels sooner than attaining the closing stages buyer. By the side of Honda, this element characteristically holds spot on. The Honda Motor Corporation is soundly modified to the advertising practices in mutually the United States and Asia. Equally in both the arenas, the company relies a great deal upon the protection ranking and dependability of the Accord to advertise it, which is a solution marketing channel. provided that the accurate automobile is being provided at the accurate place at the accurate point in time is something that Honda is very good at both in the United States and Asia. Honda is exceptionally customer leaning. An appealing illustration of an additional Asian automobile manufactures marketing approach is to facilitate Toyota and the prologue of the prevailing conditions. In 2003, Toyota used an exceptionally flourishing marketing channel modus operandi by creating a website where impending automobile buyers may possibly generate their own internet-based tune video of the novel Toyota Matrix. This marketing modus operandi beleaguered the younger inhabitants who had Internet access. Toyota then had a competition and presented new-fangled Matrix to the originator of the most excellent tune video. This is a mode of marketing that United States automobile manufactures have not yet been able to apply . These illustration represent a beleaguered marketing, which is an efficient technique to accomplish explicit sector of customers, and is time and again used by vehicle manufacturers mutually in. Emblematic United States marketing channels. Manufacturer-Distribution Centers-Dealers A Typical Asian Marketing Channel entails More middlemen We will now take a preview of the marketing channels and strategies of Ford Motor corporation in equally the United States and Asia. Ford is a brawny corporation in the United States, but it has up till now developed into a key automobile producer in the Asian Market. Through less than a 5% market split in Asia Ford has finally comprehended that it must faucet resources in the industry to suit a thespian in that market (Ward’s Auto World, May 1st, 1999). The objective of Ford is to accomplish the acceptable marketing approach and channels, and to actually do this Bill Ford the present chief executive officer of the Ford has employed the apex most minds from the district to build up victorious marketing channels all the way through Asia. The obscure marketing channels within Asia create a complicated scenario for the United States companies to expand market share. A solitary way of life that must be integrated is not to,look for temporary proceeds but to look far in front and edify Ford head office about the Asian market. Ford will also be mounting industrialized and sales in the Asian-Pacific market. The deficient in of presence in Asia could be a reason for the low down market share. Ford has now been able to gain and maintain an approximate of 10,651 dealers in an exact 141 markets, but only a mere 6% of these are located in Asia itself The preponderance of Ford dealers linger in the United States (60%). (Ford Annual Report 2003) 3.2 The contrast of Asian and North American automobile manufacturing practices Automobile manufacture has for eternity been an imperative division of the industries of the United States of America, Asia and Western Europe. The technological intricacy of automobiles leaded the way towards an array of ground-breaking assembling techniques, which later on of were over and over again transferred hooked on added industrialized sectors. In this approach automobile fabrication evolved into a dynamic force in the progress of the industrialized nations in the previous century From the commencement of the automobile business, manufacturers have acknowledged the magnitude of the economy of scales consequential from the elevated investments essential for automobile bunch production. The delivery of over and done with automobiles has came up as an imperative economic aspect for automobile industry. This has previously targeted to a generous competition flanked by diverse companies by means of admiration to the ability of operations. The fundamental disparity in Asian along with North American producers is that the Asian manufacturers manufacture the automobiles on claim or either a customized order and the North American manufacturers manufacture automobiles in heap production disregards of the requirement . As a consequence of this, the catalog cost for the North American manufacturers is more than that for the Asian manufacturers. Therefore; the means of haulage alters based on the quantity of automobiles that have to be delivered. (Modi 1) 3.3 Industry Overview Auto Production The twelve-monthly worldwide automobile manufacture as in print in June 2002 was wrecked downhill by constituency to an approximate 16.46 million units in Western Europe, an approximate 15.66 million units in North America and an approximate 16.02 million units in Asia . In supplementary expressions, Asia in addition to Oceania represent an approximately 30% of the international productivity. This implies that just about three out of ten clientele of automobile parts manufacturer who vend to automobile makers are positioned in Asia in addition to Oceania. elsewhere an approximate of 16.02 million units are fashioned in the province, the country Japan curved away a few 10 million,5 followed by 2.3 million by means of China and 1.14 million in the midst of which Thailand participated with a slightly a reduced amount than 500 thousand units. In the investigation of instant sequence data over the precedent five years amid 1997 and 2001, Thailand has now gained at the twelve-monthly production level of half a million units the country had accomplished before the Asian country crisis , and it is further assumable and anticipated to roll out an approximate one million units each year by the year 2006. In cycle with the Western automobile manufacturers the extension of their Asian bases, principal the Western automobile auto manufacturers have been able to enter into the process of increasing their national operations. The aims and objectives of Western automobile parts producers development into Thailand are: at the outset to organize with the Western automobile makers development and also to be bale to augment business with The Japanese automobile manufacturers . The previous aim has developed into particularly energetic in view of the fact that the 1998 establishment of automobile Alliance Thailand, a joint venture among Ford and Mazda. For the concluding purpose, the Western automobile parts suppliers intend to increase shares in an unexploited market portion Japanese automobile companies. In view of the fact that the Japanese automobile producers have by now recognized elevated shares in the markets surrounding Asia, a Thailand location tends to be awfully expedient to provide them and consequently develop market shares in a proficient mode. Adjacent to this backdrop, the subject of the vitality of focusing on focus upon the market share development by the Western automobile parts producers. The Western companies benefit from a soaring level of administrational autonomy, owning a preponderance wager in limited subsidiaries and scheming these from the first day , when they had initially entered the Thailand market subsequent to the slackening of limitations on overseas tenure .The Western companies were talented enough to envisage deregulation, together with the lessening of neighboring substance necessities and tax reduction, as a consequence of AFTA pending into produce. This has help facilitate the process of enabling them and letting them pay attention to their ASEAN venture in Thailand as of the beginning, positioning it as the export bottom in the district and accomplishing a superior asset competence. 3.4 The Market Shares of the Western Automobile Producers Moving on furthermore towards business surroundings of the Thailand automobile manufacturing, which those Western suppliers aspire to supply. The Component manufacturers in Thailand are supplementary vulnerable to implications from business restructuring. This can be further be elaborated by observing the break of Thailand automobile production amid Western and Japanese auto makers. According to the grapevine, the united market share of the Western manufacturers, General Motors and Ford, only is around an approximate 20%, or 100,000 units. And as and when it comes to purchasing policy, some other automobile producers like the Isuzu, Mazda and Mitsubishi are below the pressure of their Western associates, who have evenhandedness contribution within them. for that reason, yet despite the fact that Japanese producers have apparently towering market shares, it can be alleged that basically 70% of Thailand automobile production is under the power or authority of Western automobile manufacturers as long as their procurement policy is fretful The Western automobile manufacturers come to a decision to initiate their automobiles in the constituency, the Thailand factories of Isuzu, Mazda and Mitsubishi are predictable to function as the industrialized center for supplying the cars.( Kasuga 2002) Chapter 4 Results and findings: Our major aim was to know why these American automobile companies have not been able to develop a likable culture for their products other Introduction In the preliminary period of the industrialization of almost all developing countries, funds and knowledge (construction and managerial technology) are inadequate. A luminous resources of promoting economic development to thrash these bottlenecks is attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). away from each other from its unswerving possessions in provisions of the development of familial productivity, wealth structure, service, and export, FDI can bring about tortuous reimbursement through knowledge convey and dispersal, skill upgrades and the expansion of home auxiliary industry from beginning to end the creation of backward linkages (Dunning, 1983; Borensztein, et al., 1995; Blomström and Kokko, 1999; Markusen and Venables, 1999). Cosmopolitan firms can play a decisive role in worldwide technology transfer for the reason that they undertake a main part of the world’s research and development (R&D) Hard work to create and then own most of the world’s advanced technology (Blomström and Kokko, 1999). When assembling direct investments overseas by establishing overseas affiliates, these international firms unavoidably must transfer technology to and promote the existing skill of the local population to pledge the aptitude of their distant operations (Sedgwick, 1995). Therefore, FDI can act as a medium for acquaintance transmission and the stipulation of confined potential arrangement in the beneficiary countries of FDI. Nevertheless, current understandings of the customs technology is transferred are far-off from being inclusive. The on hand literature has paid attention on the problem of worldwide knowledge transfer all the way through official and unpaid forms such, as intra-firm technology transfer and laissez-faire trade of technology (Reddy and Zhao, 1990). on the other hand, there exist hardly any studies that have inquired upon the energetic process of technology transfer and technical capability-formation in budding countries (e.g., Kim, 1997; Cyhn, 2002), and yet they have not been able to focus unswervingly on technology transfer through casual mechanisms, such as the occurrence of ‘inter-firm’ technology transfers.1) What is more, progressive international competition, motivated by employment liberalization, and the upheaval of information and communiqué technology (IT), encompass a distorted international competition by building it more energetically. These alterations have encouraged international firms to examine their international manufacture as a association rather than as unconnected abroad investment projects (Ernst and Kim, 2002). This development is anticipated to produce offspring, and the congregation countries of FDI stand prepared to become accustomed suitably to gain from such alterations . on the other hand, there is still a deficiency in the comprehension of the impact of individual a international production association on technology(Terdudomtham 2004 ) There should be no doubt in concluding the fact that proves from all of our research done above that the American cars , have not been able to leave their star mark on the Thailand Automobile industry as it has in other arts of the world . There is also no denying in the fact that the biggest competitor of These United States Automobile companies is Japan, and their Automobile Produce. Japanese Models are more popular in Thailand , Thailand , prefers Pick Up Trucks , Most of the American Cars being manufactured now are more towards cars like the CAMRY , and Lesser Pickups , one thing , next thing Thailand is very sensitive about the environmental issues , The American Cars having bigger engines imply more gas and fuel burn out . These American Cars are still available in Thailand but are not in Popular demand, yes though the other fact also remains that the spare parts business of these American firms in the Thailand Automobile industry has boomed and doing very well. Chapter 5 – Recommendations: Mazda Motor Corporation has won three Best Car award at the Thailand Car of the Year Awards 2007. The declaration was completed for the duration of an observance held on April 3, 2007, at the Bangkok International Trade and Exhibition Centre (BITEC) in Bangkok. Mazda won award in three categories. Mazda3 Sport Sedan won a most excellent sports car award for the third consecutive year, this year in the Best Sedan Under 1,600cc category. Mazda MX-5 was designated as Best Roadster for the second year in a chain, and with this reward the MX-5 has won Best Roadster four times in the last five years. The Mazda BT-50 Pickup Truck won in the Best High-lifted Pickup 2,500cc category. Now entering the ninth year, the Thailand Car of the Year awards have been controlled by Grand Prix International Co. Ltd. in teamwork with the Automotive Engineering Association of Thailand, the Car and Motor journalists Association of Thailand, and the Rachayarnyon Association. It is only possible, for these US firms in the automobile industry to penetrate into the Thailand market over their competitors, if they pay close attention to the requirements and the clients’ exact needs and tailor and custom a good layout of the perfect car for Thailand. (Source: Ford Motor Company) Chapter 1 References 1) Written By Thomas Fuller / International Herald Tribune , Published on the 27th of November in 2006 Thailand’s automobile industry is encouraged to retool Chapter 2 References 2) Evaluating Socio Economic Development, December 2003,SOURCEBOOK 2: Methods & Techniques, Use of secondary source data , Fisher M. et Nijkamp P. (1993), Geographic Information Systems, Spatial Modelling and Policy Evaluation, Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 280 p. Volume comprising background articles with a specific. Chapter 3 References Comparison of Asian and North American automobile manufacturing practices By: Chirag Modi 1. (1992). HONDA: Stranger No More. Purchasing, Sept. 10, 1992. pp. 62-63. 2. --, (2004). It’s a Simple Fact: Supplier Don’t Trust the Big 3. Automotive News, 78(6106), pp. 12-. 3. --, (2004). www.ford. com 4. --, (2004). www.honda.com 5. --, Ford Annual Report (2004) 6. --, Honda Annual Report (2004). --,7 Ford Plant reports 1998. 8 Farlex, (2004), Honda Accord; -11. -,Automobile Business Report 2002; 12. Chappell, L. (2004). Changing the Rules; Small, Scrappy Company Reshaped the U.S. Auto 13. Landscape. Automotive News, 79(6110), pp. 3-. 14 . Chappell, L. (2004). Gulf Widens Between Big 3, Suppliers, Suppliers Shift Resources Toward 15 Serving Import Brands. Automotive News, 78(6105), pp. 4-. 16 Donnelly, P. (2004). Logistics Management is Mission Critical When Parts Manufacturers Go 17. Offshore. World Trade Magazine. Nov. 19, 2004. 18 . Dyer, J.H., Hatch, N.W. (2004). Using Supplier Networks to Learn Faster. Sloan Management Review, Spring 2004, pp. 57-63. 19.Fine, C.H., Clair, R.S., Lafrance, J.C., Hillebrand, D. (1996). Meeting the Challenge: U.S. Industry Faces the 21st Century, the U.S. Automobile Manufacturing Industry. U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Technology Policy. 20. Helper, S.R., Sako, M. (1995). Supplier Relations in Japan and the United Staes: Are They Converging. Sloan Management Review, Spring 1995, 77-84. 21. Hochlelder, D., Helper, S. (1997). Suppliers and Product Development in the Early American 22. Automobile Industry (working paper). MIT-International Motor Vehicle Program. 23. Hoffman, K.C. (2000). Ford Develops Different Kind of Engine – One that Powers the Supply 24. Chain. SupplyChainBrain.com. 25. Jewett, D. (2004). Honda Looked for Suppliers in U.S. that Shared its Values. Automotive News, 79(6110), pp. 81- 26. Johnson, R. (1992). Newest Honda Sedan Shares Civic Parts. Automotive News, November 16, 1992. pp. 15-. 27. Knibb, Gormezano and Partners (2004). The Global Outlook for Light Vehicle Engines to 2014, A Proposal for a Group-Sponsored Study. http://www.kgpauto.com/Initiatives/GlobalEngines.htm 28. Liker, J.K., Wu, Y. (2000). Japanese Automakers, U.S. Suppliers and Supply-Chain Superiority. 29. Sloan Management Review, Fall 2000, 81-93. 30.Murphy, T. (2004). Product Focused. Ward’s Auto World, July 1, 2004. pp 7-. 40 31.Sako, M. (2003). Supplier Development at Honda, Nissan and Toyota: Comparative Case Studies of Organization Capability Enhancement. International Motor Vehicle Program (IMVP), the UK Economic and Social Research Council, and the Japan Foundation. 32.Sako, M., Helper, S. (1996). Determinants of Trust in Supplier Relations: Evidence from the Automotive Industry in Japan and the United States. MIT-International Motor Vehicle Program. 33. Stoffer, H. (2004). Import Curbs Stimulated Honda’s U.S. Growth. Automotive News, 79(6111), pp. 16- 34. Teahen, J.K. (2004). Toyota, Lexus, Honda top the List of Sales per Dealership for 5th Year. Automotive News, 78(6087) pp. 16-. 35. Takeshi KasugaOctober 2002 The Expansion of Western Auto Parts Manufacturers into Thailand, and Responses by Japanese Auto Parts Manufacturers1 Chapter 4 - Refernces 1) K. Techakanonta and T. Terdudomthamb Journal of Technology Innovation 12, 2 (2004) Evolution of Inter-firm Technology Transfer and Technological capability Formation of Local Parts Firms in the Thai Automobile Industry 1) Chapter 5 Refernces 1) Mazda Wins Three Best Car Awards at Thailand Car of the Year 2007 Awards April 2007 Read More