Comparative Analysis of Futuristic Architecture - Term Paper Example

Futuristic Architecture: Comparative Research Name Institution Date Chapter one: Introduction Futurism was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century in the year 1909 (Scarborough, 2002). It was the most important avant-garde art movement in Italy at the time. It is said to be a contrast that is refreshing compared to the sentimentalism of romanticism. The members of the movement were known as futurists. They loved noise, cities, pollution, speed as well as machines. According to the Art Story Foundation (2015), futurism used to celebrate advancement in technology as well as urban modernity. They were people who loved to embrace the new world that was exciting instead of hypocritically enjoying the comforts of the modern world as they denounce the forces that initially made them probable. The members of the movement were interested in destroying the old forms of culture in Italy as well as demonstrating the beauty that came with the modern life through machine, violence, change as well as speed. Futurism Source: The Art Foundation (2015). The futurism movement fostered some architecture and many of the artists worked in the traditional media like sculpture and painting as well as in different styles of collection that were inspired by post-impressionism. It was largely an Italian phenomenon, though there were parallel movements in Russia, England and elsewhere. Its key figures were the Italians Filippo Marinetti, Umberto Boccioni, Giacomo Balla, and other Russians architects. Today, futurism is said to adopt technology and has changed from the way it was in the beginning. Technology has changed art in futurism. This Movement affects Human life such as: fashion, transportation, furniture, and architecture. Futuristic and fashion Fashion uses non-traditional materials such as papers, plastic, and metals. The most important feature you can recognize from this fashion is being aggressive with muscular or deep shades of colors and bold geometric patterns. Futuristic fashions range from items of clothing, glasses, accessories, shoes among other types of wear. They are presented in different designs and many are using futuristic fashions especially in fashion shows and modeling. Metallic Paper Plastic Source: Pininterest (2014) The most amazing with futuristic and fashion is that fashion designers are today employing technology in futuristic fashion. For example, technology was used to make a robotic spider dress by fashion designer known as Anouk Wipprecht together with a software developer known as Daniel Schatzmayr. The Limbs would writhe when a detection of movement is felt. It was a high fashion dress and terrifying too (Pugachevsky, 2013). Futuristic and transportation This revolution deepened on faster and smarter systems which affect the transportation that help to create new idea to transport like: hyperloop, skytran, selfscoter with its negation tecqnecs, and flying boats. The Hyperloop Source: Evans (2015). Transportation is expected to change in the future with new futuristic transport systems being implemented to make travelling easier and faster. The way people think of the public transportation will be changing with futuristic steel tubes like the hyperloop being invented for transporting people. This is a transport system that will be safe, faster and environmental friendly (Evans, 2015). Futuristic transport is expected to break the records in the transportation system all over the world in future. With the use of technology, the modes of transport have a possibility of switching from land to air in the future. This is because of the congestion in cities that is seen to make it impossible for people to commute using cars through lanes. For example, there is a car concept that has been envisioned to be turned into a plane by students from South China University. The Car Concept into a plane Source: http://psipunk.com/yee-flying-car-concept-of-the-next-generation-transportation-system/ The car will be transformed to have the capacity of being switched to a flying mode by upturning the two front wheels sideways while the two back wheels will be turned outside to allow people fly over the roads that are overcrowded and reach their destinations in time. Futuristic and furniture One of the Futuristic aspect is making our life easier and smother which that reflect in furniture, now we can image sofa with malty uses also dining table with different shapes which can save the space. Mistry (2015) says that furniture designs will keep on changing so as to suit trends, functionality, tastes as well as the needs that are most current for buyer preferences. For example, home furniture will continue being re-invented to achieve designs that look cooler as well as feel more comfortable using futuristic designs. Futuristic design of a dining table Source: Mistry (2015). Futuristic and architecture Also futuristic affected the architecture in several Movements which are: Constructivism, archigram (telegram), metabolism and cybertecture. Futuristic is influencing how buildings are being constructed today. Architectural designs have evolved in a way that reveals the architect’s exuberant imagination that has no limits when it is put into practice. In the 21st century, people have experienced indisputable buildings that have been constructed with iconic designs that are stunning, using latest construction technologies, innovative concepts as well as incredible facilities. These are futuristic designs that are constructed with an increase on emphasizing on the minimization of the negative environmental impacts that come from buildings (Design News and Architecture Trends, 2015). This has been achieved through the enhancement of efficiency as well as moderation in using materials, development space as well as energy. A new level of futuristic designs in architecture that is different from the one of the 20th century has been achieved. A good example of futuristic architectural designs in the 21st century is the Spaceport America located in New Mexico, USA. Spaceport America Source: Design News and Architecture Trends (2015) The Spaceport America is an architectural futuristic design that introduced the space transformation in the field of building construction. It is an iconic architectural design that carries with it geographic benefits that are unique. With a sinuous shape, the Spaceport America is a design that has created a new way of travelling in the space. Chapter two: History of Art and Architecture Futurism movement started in the field of art. The most Important Futurist works included Marinetti's Manifesto of Futurism, Boccioni's sculpture Unique Forms of Continuity in Space and Balla's painting, Art The inventor of Futurism and its chief theorist, was the Italian writer FilippoTommaso Marinetti (1876-1944). He launched the movement in an article published in the Italian newspaper La Gazzettadell'Emilia and the French paper Le Figaro, in February 1909 (The Art History Foundation, 2015). This general Manifesto was followed in February and April 1910 by two further publications: the Manifesto of Futurist Painting and Technical Manifesto of Futurist Painting (Romer, 2009). As well as Marinetti, they were signed by the painters Carlo Carra (1881-1966),and GiacomoBalla (1871-1958) the sculptor Umberto Boccioni (1882-1916), and musician Luigi Russolo (1885-1947). There was also a Manifesto of Futurist Architecture, written by Antonio Sant'Elia (1886-1916). These artists believed that it was possible to translate the manifesto into modern as well as figurative art that could explore properties of space as well as movement. The futuristic movement first settled in Milan. However, it spread fast to other locations like Turin as well as Naples. Over the following year, the movement grew vigorously by Marinetti promoting it abroad. The development of futurism can be said to be related to contemporary as well as historical situations. At the time of its development, Italy was a very weak nation in terms of Great Powers. Romer (2009) says that Italy was in the process of being modernized like other nations including Great Britain, Germany and France. The occurrence of fast industrialization together with the social unrest resulting from strikes as well as riots came with technology. The sudden technological impacts in Italy were the setting of the futuristic art as the primary focus. The ideas of futurism were also derived from anarcho-syndicalism and specifically the activism as well as the vitalism of Henri Bergson who was French philosopher. Additionally, the violent anarchist theory known as the Propaganda of the Deed also contributed a lot to the development of futurism. The futuristic movement was aimed at employing modern as well as popular methods of communication for the purpose of spreading its ideas. The manifestos would be issued by the group as the years moved on. It was a time of celebrating the machine age, the victory of technology over nature as well as opposition of the old traditions of art. Futurism movement also influenced architecture consequently in many different architectural movements which are: Constructivism, archigram (telegram), metabolism and cybertecture. Constructivism Constructivist architecture emerged in the early 1920s as part of the Russian Futurism movement. It is a type of modern art that was started during the former USSR from constructivist art. Many talented architects designed imaginative projects such as IakovChernikov, Nikolai Ladovsky, and Vesnin brothers. The principles of constructivism originated from Suorematism, Bauhaus as well as Newo Plasticism World of Level Design (2008). The constructivist art used 3d cubist vision for abstracting as well as non-objective elements in their constructions. They also combined straight lines as well as different types of squares, cylinders, rectangles as well as cubes. The constructivist movement lasted until the year 1932 but its effects of their art are still being experienced as seen in the modern architecture. Example: 1. Hammer and Sickle Architectural Fantasy by Yakov Chernikhov, 1933 Source: New World Encyclopedia (2015) 2. Gosstrakh Apartments, Moscow 1926 Source: The Channel House (2013) The Gosstrakh Apartments were designed for the employees of the Gosstrakh state insurance organization in 1926. This building also combined apartments with communal facilities. The first use of Le Corbusier’s Five Points of Modern Architecture in the USSR 3. Narkomfin, Moscow 1929 Source: Channel House (2013) The Narkomfin was part of Russia’s constructivist movement. The architect, MoiseiGinzburg, built Narkomfin to solve the most pressing problem of urban planning—how to avoid the isolation that comes with living in a city. He wanted to replicate the community of a village in the city. He designed a six-story apartment block and added on all things the inhabitants would need for daily living. The corridors to the flats were big, wide and open, to encourage people to see them as the village street, and stop and talk with their neighbors. The result was “a six-story blueprint for communal living as ingenious as it is humane.” Architectural Telegram Archigram was an avant-garde architectural group, whose drawings were inspired by the progress of building technology. Archigram produced many fantastic and creative unrealized projects. Example 1.Un built Building: Plug in City Source: Gorny (2012) Gilli (2013) says that the Plug – in City was never built. However, it an architectural design that combined technology, urbanism as well as reversing the traditional infrastructural perceptions of the people. 2. Paris Spatiale Source: Gorny (2012) The Paris Spatiale as per Yona Friedman (1959) was the first proposal made for the Ville Spatiale. It was intended for extending the space in the city without needing to demolish the existing building or pushing the less fortunate to the border. 3. The Walking City Source: Sanjania (2011) The Walking City was an idea proposed by British architect Ron Herron in 1964. Ron Herron proposed building massive mobile robotic structures, with their own intelligence, which could freely roam the world, moving to wherever their resources or manufacturing abilities were needed. Individual buildings or structures could also be mobile, moving wherever their owner wanted or needs dictated. Metabolism Archtecture Metabolism appeared in the 1960. The word metabolism describes the process of maintaining living cells. Young Japanese architects after II World War used this word to describe their beliefs about how buildings and cities should be designed. Its new ideas about the future of urban design and public spaces. Metabolist architects and designers believed that cities and buildings are not static entities, but are ever-changing—organic with a "metabolism." Example 1. Kikutake Kiyonori Source: WordPress (2012) The Kiyonori Kikutake was a proposed structure for protecting the Japanese countryside from the onslaught new housing that was inevitable. The structures were intended to cover different transport structures (WordPress, 2012). 2. Clusters in the Air Source: Demusitecture (2012) Clusters in the Air was a proposed new type of building that was intended to be built over the existing city. Joint cores were used to connect the new blocks while cylindrical trucks that were huge would be used for accommodating the public transport. The system was inspired by the wooden architecture of the traditional Japanese. 3.KishoKurokawa'sNakagin Capsule Tower in Tokyo A well-known example of Metabolism in architecture is KishoKurokawa'sNakagin Capsule Tower in Tokyo. Over 100 prefabricated cell-capsule-units are individually bolted onto a single concrete shaft—like Brussels sprouts on a stalk (although the look is more like a stalk of front-loading washing machines). KishoKurokawa'sNakagin Capsule Tower in Tokyo Source: Sveiven (2011) KishoKurokawa'sNakagin Capsule Tower in Tokyo was a very innovative creation of the year 1972. It was the first architecture design of the capsule. It was created for the purpose of providing housing to businessmen who were travelling and worked in the central of Tokyo. This tower can be described as an architecture that has the capacity of recyclability as well as sustainability. This is because every module in the building cal be plugged to the center of the core and can also be replaced when required (Sveiven, 2011). The technology that was used to develop the Kurokawa Tower allowed every unit for the building to be fitted in the concrete core using tension bolts that were 4m high. Chapter 3: Futuristic Architecture (Cybertecture) A term coined as the result of development of the "smart" house, which is wired to integrate power and telecommunications into one computer-directed system. It refers to the combination of cybernetic computer control and architectural design. Example 1. The floating city Source: Zhang (2014) The floating city has been designed by British and Asian architects and will feature its own docks road way even form meaning it will be self-sufficient. The city will be connected above water with series of canals meaning eco-friendly boats and submarines could provide most of transportation. The building is made from hexagonal and triangular modules which connect together above and below the water using a series of walkways and tunnels. 2. James Law Cybertecture Source: James Law Cybertecture International Limited (2011). The JLC is an egg like building that is modern built using the current technology. It has been used to construct buildings like the Mumbai University University Convention Center. 3. The futuristic idea of smart building Green building  Source: Institute for Building Efficiency (2011) The smart building will be the future form of building that use technology to connect building and systems, people and technology, to the bottom line, to the global environment, to the smart grid as well as to an intelligent future. Chapter 4: futuristic architecture in cartoon Futuristic Technology in Cartoon Ben 10 Source:  Jarratt (2015) The technology used was 3D environments created using Cinema 4D as well as 2D characters. Adobe Flash was used to draw and animate the characters. Fashion was also incorporated by using red and green outfits won together with a clone for bringing about the environment color code. The building was in city shapes. The city was created in shapes that were reflecting the good as well as bad renditions of Ben 10. The city shapes were also to create spaces that were awesome for the scenes of fight. Type of City Planet 51 Source: ebay The futuristic city in cartoon will be created using animation technology. It has animated features in glorious 2-D. The shapes of the buildings are planet like with a city design that is retro and futuristic. The Economy city Source : Shaw (2014) Futuristic Transport in cartoon Source: Shutterstock (2015) Futuristic transportation in cartoon will be represented by urban air transportation or in other words the flying car. Futuristic Building in Cartoon Example: Jetson Source: Novak (2012) It will be representing in the space age. The building idea portrays the post World War II American Futurism. It is an idea of the golden age that is still used today with dramatic angles, built in exaggeration, using neon, steel, plastic together with technological optimist that is wide eyed. The idea is drawn from the Space Age Ideals as well as rocket ship dreams. Chapter 5: Futuristic Architecture in Movies Futuristic Technology in Movies Tomorrow Land Movie Source: Lewis (2015) Futuristic technology in movies as presented in the Tomorrow Land Movie, people should expect to see movies filled with flying trains, teleportation badges, evil robots, jetpacks, time travelling rockets, childlike artificial intelligence, and thinking machine (Lewis (2015). Futuristic City in Movies Batman Movie Source: Stamp (2012) Futuristic cities in movies like in the Batman Movie are expected to be of fictional architecture built with a working knowledge of explosives (Stamp, 2012). The cities will be shaped by real history and geography that spreads through the consciousness of the people living there. Shape of the Building Blade Runner Film Source: Glancey (2009) Futuristic buildings in movies as seen in the Blade Runner Film are expected to present a sense of urban gigantism as well as geometrical form (Glancey, 2009). The buildings will have features of overpowering that invokes a strong sense of financial power. Futuristic building in movies will have a class structure, constructed in vertical architecture like the ones used in the Blade Runner Film. Futuristic Transport in Movies Metropolis Movie Source: Sreekanth (2011). Like in the Metropolis movie, futuristic transport in movies will be having the features of integrated infrastructure as well as cityscape. The transport network for vehicles will be made of magnetic levitation build seamlessly into the fronts of new buildings. Inclining highways that drop like waterfalls as well as merging with horizontal roads will be part of the frontage (Sreekanth, 2011). Chapter 6: Conclusion Futuristic architecture has evolved from the old to the new use of technology today. The inventors on futuristic art were concerned with changing the traditional ways of doing things. They wanted to have a changed world that comprises of speed, class and power. Futuristic architecture influenced fashion, transport as well as building designs. It has also influenced cartoons and movies and has continued to evolve with the emerging technology. References The Art Story Foundation. (2015). Futurism. Movements. Retrieved from http://www.theartstory.org/movement-futurism.htm The Channel House. (2013). Moisei Ginzburg, Gosstrakh apartment complex in Moscow (1926). WordPress. Retrieved from http://thecharnelhouse.org/2013/11/24/moisei-ginzburg-gosstrakh-apartment-complex-in-moscow-1926/ The Channel House. (2013). Dom Narkomfin in Moscow, 1929. Retrieved from http://thecharnelhouse.org/2013/10/05/dom-narkomfin-in-moscow-1929/ Design News and Architecture Trends. (2015). About Architecture at its Best: 10 Futuristic Design Concepts. Building Design. Retrieved from http://designlike.com/about-architecture/ Evans, J. (2015). Futuristic Transport System Moves Closer to Reality. Science in the news. 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Retrieved from http://www.worldofleveldesign.com/categories/architecture/constructivist_architecture/constructivist_architecture.php Zhang, B. (2014). This Futuristic Floating City Could Become A Reality In China. Business Insider. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/china-may-build-this-floating-city-2014-5 Read More