Quantum Computing the Future - Research Paper Example

?Running head: QUANTUM COMPUTING Quantum Computing Affiliation Table of Contents 3 Introduction 3 Quantum Computing: An Overview 5 History of Quantum Computing 7 Quantum Computer System [Structure and Working] 9 Current State of Quantum Computing 12 The Advantages of Quantum Computing 15 Quantum Communication 16 Quantum Cryptography 17 Artificial Intelligence 17 Future of Quantum Computing 17 Difficulties with Quantum Computers 20 Potential Impact on Software Design and Programming 20 Potential Impact on Daily Life 21 Summary 22 References 23 Abstract This paper presents a detailed analysis of quantum computing. Quantum computing is a significant area of present-day research aimed at establishing computer related tools and machines based on the rules and regulations of quantum theory. In this scenario, the quantum theory outlines the environment and performance of material and energy on the quantum, both at the atomic and subatomic level. In addition, the quantum computing is not a new idea since it was first emerged in the 1970s. Moreover, the quantum computing is basically based on the ideas of quantum physics. For instance, it utilizes the properties of atoms offered by definite quantum physics theories to allow them to get together in form of quantum bits, which can be used for computer's processing (Stewart, 2011; Pawliw, 2010; Webopedia, 2011). This paper discusses the role of quantum computing, its history and future developments. The basic purpose of this research is to explain the role and importance of quantum computing in modern day information technology. Introduction The large volume of computing processing capabilities has been produced by high speed processing machines; however makers of these machines have not so far been capable to satisfy our desires for speed as well as processing competence. During 1947, American computer engineer Howard Aiken stated that only 6 electronic digital computers would convene the computing requirements of the U.S. Others have prepared comparable bad forecasts regarding the power of computing power that would facilitate their rising hi-tech requirements of processing capabilities (Bonsor & Strickland, 2000), (Spector, 2007) and (Spector, Quantum computing, 2008). Additionally, the developments have evolved since individuals found novel methods of using a variety of substantial resources like that forces, supplies as well as energies. In this scenario, the narration of computer and information processing technology has engaged a series of transformations of physical comprehension from mechanism to regulators to transistors to ICs and much more. Additionally, nowadays superior lithographic methodologies are able to compress portion of micron, broad logic gates as well as wires onto the exterior of silicon technology chips. In addition, quickly they will produce even lesser portions as well as certainly arrive at a level where logic gates are very short sized that they are created out of simply a small number of atoms (Bakir, 2011), (Franklin & Chong, 2004) and (Hughes & Williams, 2000). Furthermore, while working at atomic level that follows the policies of quantum mechanics is fairly dissimilar from the traditional policies that decide the characteristics of traditional logic gates. Consequently, if computers are to turn out to be smaller in the upcoming period, quantum technologies have to put back or add-up with what we are using at present. Here, the main idea is that the quantum technology is able to present a great deal more than cramming increasingly bits to silicon chip as well as increasing the clock-speed of computer technology microprocessors. Moreover, it is as well able to help in latest type of calculations by providing qualitatively novel algorithms foundational upon quantum theory based standards (Bakir, 2011), (Franklin & Chong, 2004) and (Hughes & Williams, 2000). This paper presents a detailed overview of quantum computing. This research will cover the historical background of quantum computing, its advantages and future developments expected in this field. Quantum Computing: An Overview The emergence of valve technology facilitated the boundaries of computer performance to be pressed more ahead. Additionally, since the beginning of valve technology in the course of to the ongoing development of Very Large Scale Integrated designs, the speed of hi-tech progression has continued persistent. Recently, the prime factor for mounting the computer performance has been the decrease of dimension in the transistors employed in modern micro-processors. These repeated cutbacks though, cannot persist for an extensive period. However, when the transistors turn out to be a great deal of smaller technology, the eccentric outcomes of quantum mechanics will start to delay their working capacity. It would consequently show that these outcomes offer a primary bound to our innovative computer technology (Bone & Castro, 1997). In the year 1982, Richard Feynman who was a Nobel Prize winning physicist came up with an idea of quantum computer, a computer that makes use of the properties of quantum technicalities to get computing benefits. Additionally, for a number of times, the plan of a quantum computer was mainly of speculative attention only, however new developments have obtained the perspective to everyone’s’ awareness. In this scenario, another similar progress was the discovery of an algorithm to divide large numbers on a quantum technology based computer, which was offered by Peter Shor. In addition, by making use of this algorithm, a quantum computer would be capable to break codes with a more rapid pace as compared to some normal (or traditional) computer. Actually a quantum computer able of running Shor’s algorithm would be capable to crack present encryption/decryption methods in a small fraction of seconds. Thus, from the inspiration offered by this algorithm, the theme of quantum computing has gained speed and researchers from all over the globe are contesting to be the initial to produce a practical quantum computer system (Bone & Castro, 1997). Quantum computing is the discipline of computer technology and systems, which is focused on developing computer technology based systems foundational upon the standards of quantum theory that clarifies the performance and characteristics of energy and material on the quantum (subatomic as well as atomic) stages. Additionally, the implementation of this idea, if realistic, would formulate a bound in the direction of computing potential far superior as compared to the abacus a contemporary day super-computer, with performance improvements in the billion-fold area and so on. In addition, the quantum computer, based on the rules of quantum physics, would achieve huge processing power in the capability to be in numerous conditions, as well as to carry out operations by means of all the probable combinations concurrently. In this scenario, the present institutes conducting research in quantum computing comprise IBM, MIT, Los Alamos National Laboratory and Oxford University (Pawliw, 2010) and (Hughes & Williams, 2000). Furthermore, the basic constructs of quantum computing were presented by Paul Benioff, while researching at Argonne National Labs, in the year 1981. In this scenario, he assessed a traditional computer operating by means of a number of quantum automatic standards. On the other hand, some researches show that David Deutsch of Oxford University offered the serious momentum to quantum computing research. In addition, in 1984, he was present in a conference on computation theory where he started to speculate concerning the likelihood of designing a computer system that is foundational upon fully on quantum set of laws, then distributed his greatest paper after few months. Thus, after that a competition started to make use of his thoughts (Pawliw, 2010) and (Hughes & Williams, 2000). History of Quantum Computing Quantum computing is a result of a combination of mathematics domain, physics discipline and computer science knowledge, which has developed in the previous two decades from creative thoughts to an imperative charming domains of quantum mechanics. However, the original thrill in this active and speculative area of study was generated by Peter Shor during the year 1994. He was the person who demonstrated how a quantum algorithm could be helpful to “accelerate” traditional processing and computation capabilities. Additionally, this algorithm has the capability to partition huge numbers into primes an extremely rapidly (in any case with respect to the number of processing steps concerned) as compared to some recognized traditional algorithm. In addition, the algorithm proposed by Peter Shor was rapidly tracked by a number of other algorithms that intended to resolve various combinatorial as well as mathematical problems. Moreover, during the previous some year’s theoretical research of quantum systems helping computational plans has attained marvelous development. Furthermore, the frequent reliance has it that the accomplishment of Shor's technology based algorithm on a huge scale quantum computer would have overwhelming outcomes intended for present cryptography protocols which depend upon the principle that the entire recognized traditional worst-case algorithms for factoring get time exponential in the scenario of their input data. As a result, experiments performers all through the world are busy in marvelous efforts to manage the technological complexities that stay for the understanding of such a huge level quantum computer. However, in spite of whether these hi-tech issues could be resolved or not, it is notable fact that no evidence subsists till now intended for the wide-ranging advantage of quantum computers above their standard equivalents (Hagar, 2011) and (Bennett, Bernstein, Brassard, & Vazirani, 1997). Actually, there are four main actions those can reveal the possible influence of quantum computation over traditional cryptographic techniques for example systems on which present communications rely. In this scenario, Peter Shor at AT&T Bell Labs presented a quantum algorithm to divide huge figures. A quantum computer coprocessor could utilize this rule to separate an integer of any size in a small number of intervals; this would put the systems in cooperation relying on algorithmic keys (Quantum Information Partners LLP , 2007). In addition, in 1997, Lov Gover at AT&T Bell Labs presented a quantum algorithm intended for discovering all the records and entries in a casual database of some dimension separately as well as swiftly (Quantum Information Partners LLP , 2007). In the year 1998, three scientists David Cory, Neil Gershenfeld and Isaac made use of the nuclear magnetic resonance to produce a 3 qubit model quantum technology system. However, according to Neil Gershenfeld only 1,400 qubits could hold the entire Oxford English Dictionary containing massive amount of words (Quantum Information Partners LLP , 2007). Moreover, at University College of London, Marshall Stoneham has recently been assigned an amount of ?3.7m by EPSRC to construct a quantum technology based computer by integrating qubits into silicon chips that could work at normal temperature. His aim is to encompass a quantum co-processor after the year 2010. Furthermore, the computer algorithms to devastate broadly the fundamental design of present communications safety systems just expect the flourishing establishment of a quantum coprocessor. Additionally, it is expected that this will take place in the near future. However, the moment it will occur is indefinite. In addition, some confident researchers predicted 2010; however the authors would not support this idea. When the concluding advancement does happen it could take place suddenly with little or no awareness (Quantum Information Partners LLP , 2007). Quantum Computer System [Structure and Working] A quantum computer is a system that ties together the control of atoms as well as molecules to carry out memory related and processing functionalities. Additionally, these systems have the power to carry out a number of calculations those can be billions of times quicker as compared to a computer system designed on the base of silicon technology. In this scenario, the traditional desktop computer systems operate by controlling and multiplying bits and producing resultant digits that are binary (for example that is able to either have a value 0 or a 1). In addition, all aspects and processing features in present systems based on numbers as well as letters to the position of our mouse or modem are all signified by a group of bits in arrangements of 0s and 1s. These bits communicate extremely satisfactorily with the method classical physics signifies the real objects. In this scenario, electrical switches can be opened or closed, whether things are in one position or they are not, and so on. On the other hand, the quantum computers are not restricted by the binary aspect of the traditional material world, though they rely on viewing the condition of quantum bits those are also known as qubits that might be considered for a 1 or a 0, might signify a group of the two or might stand for an integer stating the position of the qubit is anywhere between 1 and 0 (Bakir, 2011). In addition, a quantum computer works in a different way from traditional computer system. Since in the traditional model of a computer, the majority of basic element is a memory bit that is able to simply exist in one of two separate conditions, like '0' or '1'. However, in a quantum computer the policies have been modernized. Here qubit not only is able to demonstrate the classical zero and one conditions however it is also able to be in a superposition of these two objects immediately. In this logical condition, the bit is present as a zero and a one in an exacting way. Consider a scenario of a register of three traditional bits. It would be probable to utilize this register to refer to any one of the numbers ranging 0 to 7 at any time. In this scenario when we think a memory register of 3 given qubits, we are able to observe that if every bit is in the logical state or else superposition, the register is able to imply the entire numbers ranging 0 to 7 at the same time (Bakir, 2011). In this scenario, a processor that is able to utilize registers of qubits will be capable to carry out calculations with the entire probable values of the given input registers at the same time. This process is acknowledged as quantum parallelism, as well as is the inspiring power at the back of research being performed in quantum computing technology framework (Bakir, 2011). Moreover, quantum computers are beneficial in a sense that they encrypt a processing bit as a basic element of information. In this scenario, a binary digit 1 or 0 is used to identify the condition of a bit in a traditional digital computer. However, an n-bit binary word in a classic computer is therefore described through a string of n 0s and 1s. Additionally, a qubit might be demonstrated through an atom in single or two dissimilar states that could as well be indicated via 0 or 1. Moreover, two qubits, similar to two traditional bits, are able to reach four divergent distinct conditions (Bakir, 2011). As compared to classical processing bits, qubits are able to exist at the same time as zero and one, with the likelihood for every condition specified by an arithmetical coefficient or constant factor. Stating a two-qubit quantum computer consequently necessitates 4 coefficients. Generally, n-qubits require 2n-numbers that quickly turn out to be a large size group for bigger values of n bits. For instance, if n equals to 50, regarding 1050 numbers are needed to explain the entire likelihood for the entire probable conditions of the quantum machine, an integer that surpasses the capability of the major usual computer. In addition, a quantum computer assures to be enormously influential/powerful capabilities for the reason that it is able to be in superposition as well as is able to perform over all its potential conditions at the same time. Therefore, a quantum computer could logically carry out countless processes in parallel, with simply a single processing component (Bakir, 2011). Current State of Quantum Computing Nowadays we are having practical quantum computing systems. The majority highly developed quantum computers nowadays encompass 7 qubits, it outlines that they are yet at the “1 + 1” position. Government associations like that United State’s DARPA, the UK’s Defense Evaluation and Research Agency, The European Union and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft are investing a lot of money in research and the major companies in the information technology and networking businesses in an attempt to stay near to a actual machine. Additionally, the physics researchers in educational labs and at corporations like that HP, IBM and NEC have used a multiplicity of quantum computing techniques however actually no one looks probable to bring a working machine in a period of less than ten years. In addition, IBM at present possesses the high level quantum computers, those are able to work on 7 qubits, it outlines that they are yet at the “1 + 1” position. In spite of the complexities that are associated with quantum computing at the moment, a business known as DWave Systems contrives to encompass a working quantum system in the coming 3 years. Additionally, the computer will not be a completely practical quantum computer however will be capable to resolve issues similar to the traveling-salesman difficulty in practical instant. Moreover, D-Wave Systems encompass previously implemented for a number of copyrights in the area (Einarsson & Tryggvason, 2006). At the closing of year 2005, researchers at the University of Michigan pressed quantum computing nearer to the actual world objects with the manufacture of a key part, an “ion-trap”, which is significant for the reason that it is able to keep a quantum-bit (qubit), the primary part in quantum computing. In addition, this could be one important method to manufacture such high level hardware intended for quantum computers. Consequently with each passing day we are approaching the target, though it is a reality that we are yet many years far from the development of a practical quantum computer (Einarsson & Tryggvason, 2006). In the year 2000, scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory proclaimed the expansion of a 7-qubit quantum technology based computer in a particular drop of liquid. In view of the fact that the quantum computer uses NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) to control atoms in the atomic nuclei of molecules of trans-crotonic acid, a plain fluid composed of molecules formed by 6 hydrogen and 4 carbon atoms. In this scenario, the nuclear magnetic resonance is utilized to generate electromagnetic signals; those compel the atoms to assemble. In addition, these elements in different places parallel or against the magnetic field permit the quantum computer to impersonate the information and data encoding of bits within digital computer systems (Bonsor & Strickland, 2000) and (Einarsson & Tryggvason, 2006). Additionally, information technology researchers at IBM-Almaden Research Center designed what they beloved was the majority sophisticated quantum computer of that time. The new technology based 5-qubit quantum computer was intended to permit the nuclei of 5 fluorine particles to communicate with each other as qubits, be programmed through radio frequency signals as well as be sensed through NMR tools like those were employed in sanatoriums. In this scenario, the issue, acknowledged as order-finding, engages discovering the stage of a particular job, a usual feature of a lot of numerical problems concerned in encryption/decryption techniques. In the same way the scientists from Stanford University and IBM have effectively shown the implementation of Shor's Algorithm on new high-tech quantum computer. As discussed above Shor's Algorithm is a technique for discovering the key factors of numbers (it performs an inherent function inside cryptographic technique). In the above scenario, they made use of a 7-qubit computer to discover the factors of number 15. The computer properly figured out that the prime factors were 3 and 5 (Bonsor & Strickland, 2000) and (Einarsson & Tryggvason, 2006). In the year 2005, the Institute of QOQI (Quantum Optics and Quantum Information) at the University of Innsbruck declared that scientists had successfully produced the 1st qubyte, or chain of 8 qubits, by means of ion traps. In 2006 researches from Waterloo and Massachusetts developed techniques for quantum power over a 12-qubit technology based system. However, quantum power turns out to be additional complicated when systems utilized additional qubits. In addition, in 2007 a Canadian based corporation D-Wave established a 16-qubit quantum technology based computer. The computer successfully resolved a sudoku dilemma as well as additional pattern matching issues. Additionally, the business stated that it will create realistic systems till the year 2008. However, Skeptics considered that realistic quantum computers cannot be produced right now, that the arrangement D-Wave has produced is not extendable, as well as that a lot of declarations on D-Wave's website are basically impractical (or in any case not possible to be acquainted with some specific given consideration of quantum mechanics) (Bonsor & Strickland, 2000) and (Einarsson & Tryggvason, 2006). In fact, if the practical quantum computers could be developed, they will be useful in factoring large size integers, and consequently very practical for encrypting and decrypting covert data and information. However, if a quantum computer were to be developed nowadays, no piece of information over the web would be secure. On the other hand, our present techniques of encoding and decoding messages are easy to implement and can be contrasted with the complicated techniques probable with the help of quantum computers. Additionally, quantum computers could as well be utilized to find out the right information from huge databases in a minimum time limit as compared to the traditional computer. Additional uses of these systems could comprise methods of quantum computers to learn quantum mechanics, or still to develop additional quantum computers. However, quantum computing is yet in its premature phases of development, as well as a lot of computer scientists still think that the technology required to produce a realistic quantum computer is beyond the reach. Furthermore, quantum computers need to encompass as a minimum numerous dozen qubits to be capable to resolve complicated issues, and consequently offered like a feasible computing technique (Bonsor & Strickland, 2000). The Advantages of Quantum Computing There exist a number of causes that scholars and researchers are making extreme efforts on this paradigm to build up a realistic quantum computer. In this scenario, the first reason is that the atoms alter energy positions extremely rapidly, a great deal more rapidly as compared to the best computer processors. After that, known right kind of problem, every qubit is able to obtain the place of a whole processor; outlining those 1,000 ions of say, barium, could get the position of a 1,000 processor computer system. However, the main aspect is about discovering the type of problem a quantum computer is capable to determine (Bakir, 2011). In addition, it has been revealed by researches and theories that a quantum technology and computer will be capable to perform all the operations that a standard computer is able to perform. On the other hand, it does not essentially indicate that a quantum computer will affect the utilization of a traditional computer for all kinds of jobs. For instance, if a traditional algorithm is executed on a quantum computer, it will work in the same way as a standard computer system can execute it. Consecutively for a quantum computer to demonstrate its advantage it requires to utilize novel algorithms those are able exploit the quantum parallelism occurrence. In this scenario, the establishment of the assumptions concerned in quantum computation has reached further than just developing quicker and reliable computers. A number of applications intended for which they could be employed are: (Bakir, 2011) Quantum Communication Quantum communication arrangements authorize a sender and receiver to choose a code without even face to face meeting. In this scenario, the ambiguity standard, which is an inevitable feature of the quantum technology, makes sure that if a snooper attempts to check the transmission signal during transfer it will be shared in the same manner that the source and destination are attending (Bakir, 2011). Quantum Cryptography The predictable potential of quantum computing assures huge developments in the world of data hiding and cryptography. Irreverently the similar technology as well pretenses present cryptography methods an area of troubles. In addition, they will produce the capability to smash the RSA coding structure which will make approximately all the present modes of communication unprotected (Bakir, 2011). Artificial Intelligence The hypothesis of quantum computation proposed that each substantial thing, even the world, is similar to a quantum computer. Similar to Turing's research, which demonstrates that all the computers are equivalent with respect to their functional capabilities; computers should be capable to copy each physical/substantial procedures. Eventually this advocates that computers systems will be competent of reproducing aware realistic consideration. In addition quantum computer will be the main technology in of attaining genuine artificial intelligence (Bakir, 2011). Future of Quantum Computing The 21st century is considered as an era of quantum computing, so a number of developments will be expected. Definitely the operational frameworks developed so far approach nowhere close to their theoretical power. Still factoring 2-digit numbers remains beyond their competence. Additionally, the major capable technique until now is a spin-off from the medical innovative and realistic technology of NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) imaging. In this scenario, the systems are molecules in a liquid substance, as well as data and information is encrypted in tiny nuclei inside the molecules. In its place attempting to charm outcomes of a small number of delicate qubits, the method is foundational upon influencing or, effectively, programming, huge numbers of nuclei by means of radio-frequency signals as well as then apply the rules and formulas of statistics to extract the correct responses (regarding one outcome in a million) out of the backdrop of noise (Grover, 1999) and (Bonsor & Strickland, 2000). Here a question comes in every person’s mind associated with computer industry, “will we ever able to attain the amount of processing, storage and computing functionality and power we require or desire”? According to Moore's computing power Law the amount of transistors on a microprocessor carries-on to twofold after 18 months. Therefore according to this law till year 2020 or 2030 will discover the computer circuits as well as processing chips on a microprocessor level that will be calculated on a tiny level. Therefore it is really logical regarding next advancement about the development of quantum computers that will control the power and functionality of atoms as well as molecules to carry out memory and processing related jobs. Additionally, the quantum computers have the power to carry out definite processing and calculations considerably quickly as compared to some computer system designed on silicon technology (Bonsor & Strickland, 2000) and (Grover, 1999). Moreover, computer scientists have successfully developed fundamental quantum computers that can carry out particular calculations; however a realistic quantum computer is yet too far to be developed. Additionally, we do not need to move reverse up to now to discover the beginning of quantum computing and related systems. Since computers technologies have been under research and invention all through the twentieth century. However, the quantum computing technology was initially theorized nearly 30 years ago, by a physics researcher at the Argonne National Laboratory. Therefore, Paul Benioff is considered as an important contributor of this technology by initially applying quantum theory to computers systems and technologies in 1981. Moreover, Benioff theorized concerning development of machine known as quantum Turing machine (Bonsor & Strickland, 2000) and (Grover, 1999). Currently, the idea of quantum computing has moved into its revolutionary phase. Considering this existing era, barriers are being prevailed that will offer the knowledge required to push quantum computers up to their fair place as the best computational technology in reality. Additionally, the error improvement has made capable development so far, approaching a level currently where scientists have the tools needed to develop a computer which is strong enough to effectively endure the outcomes of de-coherence or inconsistency. In addition, quantum technology based hardware, has also turned out to be a rising domain, however the work performed up till now recommends that it will simply be an affair time previous to we have devices sufficient to test Shor's as well as other quantum algorithms technology. Thus, it expected that quantum computers will come out as the better computational devices in any case, as well as possibly one day they would make today's contemporary computer outdated. Moreover, the quantum computation has its roots in extremely focused disciplines of academic physics, however its upcoming era definitely depends on the deep result it will show on the lives of the entire humanity (West, 2000). Difficulties with Quantum Computers The quantum computer's fundamental problem is the quantum de-coherence. In this scenario, the qubit technology based calculations are carried out as the quantum wave function is lies within a condition of superposition among conditions that is what permits it to carry out the processing with both 1 & 0 conditions at the same time. Though, when some kind of operation is performed to a quantum system, de-coherence collapses and the wave function crumbles into a particular position. Consequently, the computer has to someway carry on doing these processing functions without encompassing some dimensions formulated until the correct time, as it us able to stop of the quantum position, include an assessment unavailable to interpret its outcomes; which afterward moved through the remaining technology structures (Jones, 2011). Moreover, the physical needs of assessment of a system over this level are significant, moving on the enhancements of nanotechnology, superconductors, quantum electronics, and others. All of these are refined disciplines those are yet being completely engineered, consequently attempting to combine them every one together into a practical quantum computer with great power (Jones, 2011). Potential Impact on Software Design and Programming With the emergence of multi-core computer processors, software programmers and designers are more and more thinking of making use of design patterns that employ reliability, particularly when the software is performing numerous things simultaneously. Additionally, the parallel characteristic of quantum computing as well necessitates novel design patterns that implement steadiness that could result in foremost changes in the area of software design. On a lower level, a typical procedural approach programming language intended for quantum computers has earlier been planned as well as applied. In addition, this is extremely significant while moving from typical environment to quantum computer systems for system programmers it permits for the accomplishment and imitation of quantum algorithms. It as well demonstrates that typical techniques of programming affects as well to quantum computers. Generally by means of quantum software that will not be widely considered in anticipation of quantum hardware turns out to be veracity and consequently, at this level, we are able to simply wonder how software design would modify its capabilities by means of quantum computing framework (Einarsson & Tryggvason, 2006). Potential Impact on Daily Life Everyone has the same opinion that the influence of quantum computer on people’s daily life will be huge. A lot of professionals still assess that the influence on this technology would possibly be as huge as the influence of the transistor. According to researches, the possible influence of quantum computers technology can have numerous speculations of the technological influences, a number of them even far, away from realism (as a minimum to us). Moreover, it is discovered about the impact of quantum computing that it will be stimulated further into quantum cryptography. However, in case of emergence of quantum computing we will remain no more secure because the processing technique of quantum computing algorithms can quickly break the strong passwords we have today. These all aspects lead to less effective performance of the technology which we need in our daily life (Einarsson & Tryggvason, 2006). Summary Quantum computing is the discipline of computer technology and systems, which is focused on developing computer technology based systems foundational upon the standards of quantum theory that clarifies the performance and characteristics of energy and material on the quantum (subatomic as well as atomic) stages. Quantum computing is a result of a combination of mathematics domain, physics discipline and computer science knowledge, and it has been developed in the previous two decades from creative thoughts to an imperative charming domains of quantum mechanics. A quantum computer works in a different way from traditional computer system. Since in the traditional model of a computer, the majority of basic element is a memory bit that is able to simply exist in one of two separate conditions, like '0' or '1'. However, in a quantum computer the policies have been modernized. Here qubit not only is able to demonstrate the classical zero and one conditions however it is also able to be in a superposition of these two objects immediately. Nowadays we are having practical quantum computing systems. The majority highly developed quantum computers nowadays encompass 7 qubits, it outlines that they are yet at the “1 + 1” position. If the practical quantum computers could be developed, they will be useful in factoring large size integers, and consequently very practical for encrypting and decrypting covert data and information. The 21st century is considered as an era of quantum computing, so a number of developments will be expected. This paper has presented a detailed analysis of some of the main areas and aspects of quantum computing that is expected to take place of traditional computing in near future. Furthermore, it is expected that the quantum computing will bring a great deal of high processing power that can facilitate the individuals and business. 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