Lubrication and its Components - Assignment Example

Lubrication and Components Name Course Lecturer Date Introduction A lubricant is a substance that is used to reduce wear and tear caused by friction exerted between two moving surfaces. Lubricants control the temperature and pressure between the moving surfaces. Lubrication is therefore the process of applying the lubricants or oil in the moving parts which make it important in any running machine lifecycle. When focusing on lubrication process it is inevitable to deliberate on the lubrication substance in reference to the lubrication systems since they relate closely. Lubrication greatly protects the running machine thus it determines the durability and also the maintenance level in its active state. Task 1a Type and application of different types of lubricants. Mineral Oils. Bhushan (2013) notes that this is oils manufactured from crude oils mainly hydro carbons composed of hydrogen and carbons. This aspect affects the way they change under pressure and temperature. This elements have are good conductors hence the oils operate under low temperature zones. They reduce friction between surfaces that do not generate alot of heat. Application for these oils can be used in machine or surfaces that do generate alot of heat and pressure. This includes and not limited to the following: Lubrication of bearings, sliding windows or surfaces, lathe slides, low mechanical compressors etc Cutting Fluids. These are lubricants that are used in cutting tools and machines. They help to reduce the friction when cutting that is between the material and the cutting tools (Bhushan 2013). When cutting a material alot of heat is generated which may result to wear and tear therefore cutting fluid are applied to enhance the cooling effect thus bearing the name coolants. This can be inform of cooling pastes or gel. Due to the cooling effect the oils can be applied in drilling machines, saw mills, cutters etc Greases These are lubricants that operate in surfaces of high pressure and high temperature due to there semi-solid nature. Greases are water resistance and they have lower level of oxidation. They are highly used in areas where use of oil could result to excessive use and also in surface where there water resistivity is required. Due to its water resistance nature this can be used in exposed machine parts, enhance sealing effect in areas where infiltration is not required and also hash weather conditions. They have higher mechanical properties as compared to mineral oils thus makes them appropriate on surfaces that exert alot of pressure since they offer a more efficient and cost effective solution. Due to its nature greases prevents metal corrosion due to water resistivity and also infiltration of other substances. Application for grease is in areas where infiltration is prohibited which include seals, bearings, gaskets, Chains Vegetable Oils This are lubricants that are generated from natural substances particularly plants. This mainly comes from corn producing plants e.g. maize, corn flower etc.Vegetable oils have a lower mechanical property thus can endure low pressure and temperature. They are not extensively used in running machines due to their completion nature. Naturally they are not harmful to human being when ingested and they are therefore used in milling machines since they cannot contact the output even if there is contact. Vegetable oils can be applied in millers cutter Synthetic Oils. This is the high end lubricants which are artificially made from chemical compounds especially chemically treated petroleum products. They undergo through and extensive manufacturing procedure to generate a product with very high mechanical properties (Bhushan 2013). The product exhibits high value properties thus used on surfaces that experience extreme temperature and pressure. Synthetic oils have several chemical additive that enhance its performance that include,anti acids,anti rust substances,anti oxidation elements, detergents. This makes it to be more durable, efficient and offers perfect solution for high performance engines. The oils are highly used in machines or parts that experience extensive motion due to its high chemical and mechanical characterics.Most engine have many moving parts and also increased need for high performance. Therefore synthetic oils are mostly used as engine oils. Synthetic Oils are widely used as engine oils for vehicles, generators, turbines, motors Task 1b Description of the operation and maintenance of three lubrication systems Gravity Feed. According to technology transfer services 2015 gravity feed system is also referred to drip feed lubrication since in the system no force or pressure is exerted rather the system capitalises on gravitational force.These lubrication system is used in bearing that require little amounts of oil applied at regular interval. Its important the bearing to bear low load and less speed thus low friction.The system comprises of a covered vessel placed right above the bearing and it has a a needle like opening or a conical opening that is adjustable as per the requirement.The system can be either be single point where the drip vessel is allocated to a single bearing or a multiple point system where a drip vessel is connected to different pipes hence serving different bearings. This method generally replaced the use of hand in lubricating. The system required thorough maintance to enhance good performance.This include regular cleaning of the valves to remove any obstacle to enhance smooth running of the oil and also regular replacement and cleaning of oil filter caps to eliminate impunities or particle. Forced Feed. Technology transfer services group asserts that forced feed system is highly used in machines that experience heavy load and high speed that translates to high temperature due to increased friction. To enhance efficiency and good performance high flow and supply of oil is required. Rather than relying on gravity the system capitalises on the use of pressure pumps that drive oil to required components. This enhance all component receive adequate oil at all times. The oil in the gear box is sent to the buffer or the oil reservoir, the pump then takes in the oil and pumps it in the oil cooler after which the oil is pumped back to the gearbox. This ensures that the temperatures in the gearbox are kept low at all times. This lubrication system is used in turbines, generators, gearboxes. The system is maintained by regular checking of the oil pump and cleaning of all valves and also cleaning,close monitoring and replacement of oil coolers to make sure the gear box has supply of low temperature oil at all times. Grease Cups and nippels. Grease is viscous as compared to oil thus cannot be continuously be pumped into the machine parts to remove heat. Due to the nature grease does not leak easily. In addition grease is used to lubricate components that are not accessible. Grease is used to prevent water leak or dust, prevent rust, prevent wear and tear, and long term lubrication. The system uses grease guns and pumps that have small and efficient valve to ensure that the grease is smeared properly. Grease is filled in the grease reservoir after which pumped and applied on the components continuously. For maintence the grease pumps should be thoroughly cleaned to make sure that there are no residuals and also the clean and good quality grease should be used Task 1c Justifying use of fully synthetic oil and force feed lubrication system-formula one car engine. I compare formula one engine to a machine whose components move at a very high speed to enable the required high speed and excellent performance. It therefore certifies that the engine generates alot of heat and high temperatures hence require a solution that can reduce friction and also control the temperatures to low temperatures. Therefore the engine will highly require synthetic oil because the oil will with stand the high temperatures generated by the fast moving components. In addition the high temperatures environment need to be controlled by employing efficient and reliable cooling effective. Therefore the engine will work well with a force feeding lubrication so that to make sure the correct temperatures are achieved. High temperature break down the oil bonds thus the ability of the first moving engine to result to high temperatures need to be countred with this kind of solution to make sure the temperatures are kept at low. Task 2a Circular oil seals. These are ring shaped and are circular in nature. These circular rings seals are made from various materials that include nitrile, silicone, chlopene, polyurethane.Due to their components they can withstand various temperatures and also resistance to various chemical components. The seals are put around circular components to prevent fluid leakage and also pressure. The circular seals are elastic thus need to be stretched to the required component size using compatible tools. This property makes it to have tight contact with the components hence the required standard of sealing is achieve. They are used to achieve an air tight environment by eliminating pressure and are leakages They are widely used in pressure pumps, Oil seals, hydraulic machines and gearbox shafts. Gasket packing. AW Chestern Company elaborates the use of gasket for mechanical sealing of machines. This ensures high performance in pumps and also valves. They are also used in joining two components to ensure they are tightly fitted. The company further suggests that there two types of gaskets mainly the sheet gasket, tape gasket and semi-metallic gaskets. Sheet gaskets are made of rubber, synthetic fibre or graphite. Semi metallic gaskets are made of steel traps and tape gaskets are made of fibreglass or silicon foam. Gaskets are mostly places between two components as a seal to ensure the two components do not disconnect or loosely attached. Eliminates use of fillers and also leak paths Applications for gaskets include pipe flages, heat exchangers, valve bonnets, housing. Ball Bearings This is bearing element that uses cylindrical ball like components that rotates between two surfaces that are bearing thus reducing friction. In this form of bearing identical balls are put between surfaces in most application in a cylindrical manner to enhance easy rotational bearing. One surface remains static while the rotating component rotates around the static body by use of rotating balls. Common design include angular contact, axial and deep groove This is applicable in engine shafts, bicycles and gear box. Please see figure below Tapered rolled bearing. They have tampered inner and outer ring raceways combined with tampered rollers. This kind of bearings is used to handle bodies that act axial and radial simultaneously. The raceways are conical in shape and the rollers are made of tampers. The conical shape allows larger loads to be carried as compared to ball bearing Mc Cauley & Heald (2008). SKF Bearing research 2014 asserts that the raceways projection point meets the bearing axis inorder to enhance low friction between the bodies. Progressive rise in the contact angle rapidly increases the capacity of bearing. Are applicable in gear box, vehicle wheel, mining equipment, and axle system. See sample figure below Task 3a Two Types of screwed fastening and two types of riveting Screwed fastening. Metallic bolts: This are bolts with a six sided head and also have machine threads on one side which can be fastened with a nut or a hole with threads. In some cases they are also known as hex cap screws due to their appearances (Jeffrey,A. Et al (2003). They are mostly applicable in machine fastening e.g. engines agricultural machines, tractors. Vehicle, millers etc see image below. Self Tapping screws: This is a screw that can make its own hole when being driven on a given surface. There are mainly made of steel hence can make its own on hard services. They act as self drilling bit when driven in a surface. Due to their drilling nature they require to be used on a hard self attaching surface. Self tapping screws can be applied in carpentry and also use in bone surgery. See image below Rivets Snap Head: Valley fastener groups 2013 assert that they are the oldest and most reliable rivets. They have a round head deformable with the hammer and a circular shaft. To drive this a screw driver is not used and the fact that the rivet is made up of steel this makes it a high strength and structural rivets. The rivets are application is in railway building, bridges, cranes and also structural building frames Counter Sunk heads: This is a revet that has a flat head on one head and a hollow tabular shank that is pushed inside a drilled hole. Valley fastener group 2013 notably confirms that counter sunk rivets hold pieces together by exerting pressure on the end of the rivet with a crimping tool. The material used to make this rivets have aluminum hence making it flexible to use with rivet compressors. Application for this is in fixing aluminum windows and rails, vehicle riveting and also in housing Task 3b The lathe machine This is a machine available in the college and I can use it to justify the use of mineral oils and gravity feed lubrication. The oil is used in the slide ways tools to enhance movement of parts. The reason for mineral oils is because the application for the machine does not generate a lot of heat hence the operating temperatures are low and also the environment lack impunities that can contaminate the oil. Also there is low pressure exerted on the machine. It’s also prudent to justify the use of gravity feeding lubrication system since the speed of the moving parts is low and also the low load. Therefore the system requires less oil since heat emitted is low. I this view hand lubrication is also applicable. I therefore justify the use of mineral oils and gravity feed lubrication. Conclusion In conclusion it’s clearly shown that the lubricant and the lubrication system to be used highly depend on the purpose of the machine and also the required output. Therefore its an important factor to consider when manufacturing different machine for different purposes. Reference: Anonymous, 2014. Rivets. Retrieved from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/rivets Anonymous, 2014. Ball bearings. Retrieved from:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ball bearing Bhushan,B. (2013).Principles and Application of Tribology.Boundary Lubrication and Lubricants.Jogh Wiley &Sons Ltd:New Jersey Jeffrey, A. Et al (2003).Industrial maintenance. Industrial press: United Kingdom Mc Cauley & Heald (2008).Machinery handbook (28th ed).Industrial press: United Kingdom SKF Research group (2014).Bearings, units and housing: Retrieved from: www.skf.com Technical transfer services (2014).Oil and grease application methods: retrieved from: www.techtransfer.com Valley fastener group (2013).rivets and countersunk revets.retrieved from: www.valleyfastener.com Read More

This mainly comes from corn producing plants e.g. maize, corn flower etc.Vegetable oils have a lower mechanical property thus can endure low pressure and temperature. They are not extensively used in running machines due to their completion nature. Naturally they are not harmful to human being when ingested and they are therefore used in milling machines since they cannot contact the output even if there is contact. Vegetable oils can be applied in millers cutter Synthetic Oils. This is the high end lubricants which are artificially made from chemical compounds especially chemically treated petroleum products.

They undergo through and extensive manufacturing procedure to generate a product with very high mechanical properties (Bhushan 2013). The product exhibits high value properties thus used on surfaces that experience extreme temperature and pressure. Synthetic oils have several chemical additive that enhance its performance that include,anti acids,anti rust substances,anti oxidation elements, detergents. This makes it to be more durable, efficient and offers perfect solution for high performance engines.

The oils are highly used in machines or parts that experience extensive motion due to its high chemical and mechanical characterics.Most engine have many moving parts and also increased need for high performance. Therefore synthetic oils are mostly used as engine oils. Synthetic Oils are widely used as engine oils for vehicles, generators, turbines, motors Task 1b Description of the operation and maintenance of three lubrication systems Gravity Feed. According to technology transfer services 2015 gravity feed system is also referred to drip feed lubrication since in the system no force or pressure is exerted rather the system capitalises on gravitational force.

These lubrication system is used in bearing that require little amounts of oil applied at regular interval. Its important the bearing to bear low load and less speed thus low friction.The system comprises of a covered vessel placed right above the bearing and it has a a needle like opening or a conical opening that is adjustable as per the requirement.The system can be either be single point where the drip vessel is allocated to a single bearing or a multiple point system where a drip vessel is connected to different pipes hence serving different bearings.

This method generally replaced the use of hand in lubricating. The system required thorough maintance to enhance good performance.This include regular cleaning of the valves to remove any obstacle to enhance smooth running of the oil and also regular replacement and cleaning of oil filter caps to eliminate impunities or particle. Forced Feed. Technology transfer services group asserts that forced feed system is highly used in machines that experience heavy load and high speed that translates to high temperature due to increased friction.

To enhance efficiency and good performance high flow and supply of oil is required. Rather than relying on gravity the system capitalises on the use of pressure pumps that drive oil to required components. This enhance all component receive adequate oil at all times. The oil in the gear box is sent to the buffer or the oil reservoir, the pump then takes in the oil and pumps it in the oil cooler after which the oil is pumped back to the gearbox. This ensures that the temperatures in the gearbox are kept low at all times.

This lubrication system is used in turbines, generators, gearboxes. The system is maintained by regular checking of the oil pump and cleaning of all valves and also cleaning,close monitoring and replacement of oil coolers to make sure the gear box has supply of low temperature oil at all times. Grease Cups and nippels. Grease is viscous as compared to oil thus cannot be continuously be pumped into the machine parts to remove heat. Due to the nature grease does not leak easily. In addition grease is used to lubricate components that are not accessible.

Grease is used to prevent water leak or dust, prevent rust, prevent wear and tear, and long term lubrication.

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