Mechanical Engineering Analysis and Techniques for a Diesel Engine Mechanical Systems - Research Paper Example

APPLY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ANALYSIS & TECHNIQUES FOR A DIESEL ENGINE MECHANICAL SYSTEMS Team Members Yousef 2. Hamad Table of Contents Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………3 2. Problem Definition ………………………………………………………………………….4 3. Planning ……………………………………………………………………………………..6 4. Stakeholder Analysis ………………………………………………………………………..7 5. Risk Assessment …………………………………………………………………………….7 6. Decision Matrix …………………………………………………………………………….9 7. Theory ………………………………………………………………………………………11 8. Design Analysis …………………………………………………………………………...13 9. Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………….14 10. Individual Learning outcome ………………………………………………………. 10.1 – Team Member Name 1 …………………………………………………………. 10.2 – Team Member Name 2 …………………………………………………………. 11. References 12. Appendix 1. Introduction Diesel Engine (also commonly known as a compression ignition) is an internal combustion engine that uses a higher compression of fuel for fuel ignition as opposed to spark ignition. This particularly contrasts to the petrol (gasoline) or gas powered piston engines where a spark plug is normally used to ignite the combustion of air-fuel mixture. However, diesel engines use the same conventional arrangement of pistons and cylinders as used by the other common internal combustion engines (Xin, 2011, p.56).. Conceptually, diesel engines achieve their performance and efficient fuel consumption by adiabatically high pressure compression of air (typically of the ratios between 14:1 and 25:1) in the cylinders before injecting small amounts of fuel into the compressed air. For example, the high temperatures generated during the compression of air enhances the evaporation of the pulverized fuel which then mixes with the existing hot air to auto burn ignite and burn thereby releasing energy in form of heat. On the other hand, the energy released from the burning fuel then raises the pressure on the surface of the pistons, making it to return to the bottom dead center(PMI) thereby resulting in a power cycle as shown in figure 2 below: Fig. 1: Schematic of a Diesel Engine Piston and Cylinder Arrangement Diesel engines have a wide range of applications some of which include driving industrial mechanical systems, locomotives, marine vessels, construction equipment, generators and automobiles among others. Generally, diesel Engines are widely considered to be much more efficient and are in most cases preferred to their gasoline counterparts due to a number of their potential advantages some of which include: i. Durability and less maintenance needs as compared to petrol engines ii. Rugged and more reliable iii. Lower fuel consumption 2. Problem Definition The present proposal seeks to present a design of a Car diesel engine with an improved (electronic) cooling system in order to provide an efficient engine temperature control which ultimately leads to enhanced fuel efficiency as well as reduced carbon emissions. High engine temperatures are one of the major concerns in many diesel car engines. This particularly attributed to the fact that diesel engines typically have a considerably higher temperature of combustion as well as greater expansion ratios. Although this ensures that the engines have greater fuel combustion efficacy, high engine temperatures also result in a number of challenges related to engine cooling systems. For example, without an efficient cooling system and temperature control mechanism, the temperatures in diesel engines may rise to dangerous levels resulting in increased tear and wear of the engine parts. In addition, the extremely high local peak temperatures may also contribute to the formation of nitric oxide (through the binding of NO and NO2), which is one of the major harmful pollutants. In an attempt to solve this problem, the proposed car diesel engine design has replaced the conventional diesel engine cooling system with a mechatronic cooling system that is electronically controlled. It is expected that the proposed system will offer a significant improvement in the performance of the car diesel engines particularly with regard to enhanced friction loss, better fuel economy, reduced carbon emissions and ultimately increased engine durability. Although the new cooling system retains the basic automotive diesel engine cooling systems such as by retaining the design of the water, a number of changes have been introduced some of which include electronic control of the water pump system. The rest parts of the designed engine are generally similar to the conventional engines. Fig 3: Proposed Diesel electronic cooling system 3. Planning The proposed project will be carried out in a number of phases and stages. Although the actual planning of the project is primarily based on the course criteria, the set dates may be subject to changes depending on the demands of each of the tasks involved in the project. Generally, each of the two members of the group(Yousef and Hamad) have been assigned with their different roles. However, some of the tasks will have to be undertaken as a group. After a thorough scrutiny, they planned this project is a manner that it will be simple to understand. This is by giving out the aims and missions of this project accordingly. The involved companies will handle project management as well as diesel production and environmental management of the landfill side of the project. The company will even manage environmental compliance. Since the general method will become part of the business compliance process, gas consumption, and compliance monitoring must be closely coordinated. This undertaking is to make mindfulness of the significance of Diesel motor over different engines, to concentrate on the points of interest and regions where they are pertinent. Diesel engines are basically utilized as a part of transportation trucks, in development gear, for example, bulldozers, in freight and voyage ships, in trains and trains, in transports and individual vehicles, in neighborhood shopping, in generators. We are additionally going to concentrate on why the diesel motors have been set for every one of these reasons and not alternate sorts of engines. 4. Stakeholder Analysis In this project, there were only stakeholders. Who did the research and compiled the whole project. This section provides a brief description of the expertise and production method. An understanding of these issues is critical as it helps understand industry structure. It also helps in getting to know the advantages and disadvantages that diesel have over other types of fuel, as it gives the next option to cater for. (Wu & C. 2009). This makes to make a wise decision before making any purchase of these machines. It also came to our realization that the diesel engines can be further modified to perform more efficient. 5. Risk Assessment The key undertaking dangers incorporate allowing deferrals, acquirement postpones, and power deals contracts. While any of these dangers may delay startup of the business, none is viewed as deadly imperfections to venture improvement. (Wu & C. 2009). The key grant postponement would be connected with the hardware taking care of and acquaintance with different parts of the machine. The key obtainment issue will be securing of generator gear. Gear will be requested as right on time as viable to guarantee sufficient lead time on these things. 6. Decision Matrix Project Success Project Failure Stakeholder 1 YES YES Stakeholder 2 YES NO For the above decision matrix, it means that when stakeholders are working together, the project will automatically succeed, saying the project depends most on group work point of view. Since lots of ideas are needed to come up with a complete output. (Xin & Q. 2011). On the other hand, it means that when stakeholder fails to admit or to corporate the project will lie on half handedly. Saying the project may succeed or may not succeed. We also learnt that diesel engines needs thorough lubrication to avoid breakdown and any other noise from the engine. 7. Theory Theoretically, the design of an ideal compression ignition engine normally consist of a system that ensures that only air is introduced initially introduced in the combustion chamber before it is subjected to high pressure compression of between 14:1 and 25:1) in the cylinders thereby resulting in a significantly high pressure. Fig 5: Theoretical Air standard diesel engine cycle Since the high compression and power strokes of the theoretical cycle are generally adiabatic, the efficiency of the diesel engine can easily be derived from the values of the constant volume and constant pressures. In addition, the input and output energies as well as the efficiency can calculate from the specific heats and temperatures: The fuel injector is primarily responsible for ensuring that the fuel entering the combustion chamber is broken into tiny droplets and distributed evenly, The high heat of the compressed air then vaporizes from the surface and the vapor is then ignited by the heat in the combustion chamber. 8. Design Analysis 8.1 - Design Components The proposed car diesel engine design has replaced the conventional diesel engine cooling system with a mechatronic cooling system that is electronically controlled as a way of addressing the issue of high local peak temperatures. It is expected that the proposed system will offer a significant improvement in the performance of the car diesel engines particularly with regard to enhanced friction loss, better fuel economy, reduced carbon emissions and ultimately increased engine durability. Although the new cooling system retains the basic automotive diesel engine cooling systems such as by retaining the design of the water, a number of changes have been introduced some of which include electronic control of the water pump system. However, the rest parts of the designed engine are generally similar to the conventional engines. Fig 3: Proposed Diesel electronic cooling system Fig 4: Proposed electronic engine control module 8.2 - 2D Drawing 8.3 - 3D Model 8.4 Assumptions: 8.5 - Design Calculations The figuring equation given underneath is exact when taken after to the last. Importance of the off chance that there is scattering of the mathematical statement or ill-advised organizing of the comparison, the answer will consequently not be right. Since the pressure and force strokes of this admired cycle are adiabatic, the effectiveness can be computed from the steady weight and consistent volume forms. (Wu & C. 2009).The data and yield energies and the productivity can be calculated from the temperatures and particular warms: Efficiency = It is convenient to express this efficiency in terms of the compression ration and the expansion ratio. The efficiency can be written as: Diesel Engine Theoretical Efficiency The efficiency can be expressed in terms of the specific heats and temperatures. Now using the ideal gas law PV=nRT and γ=Cp/Cv, this can be written as: Now using the fact that VA=VD=V1 and Pc=Pb from the equation we can say that: Now making use of the adiabatic condition PVγ = constant, 8.6 - Table of Specification Quantity Common Symbols Units SI Dimensions Entropy s KJ/kg.K L2T-2K-1 Temperature T Celsius (0K) K Pressure P Pascal ML-1T-2 Volume V m3 L-3 9. Conclusions In conclusion, the product design was fairly successful. Nearly all the major requirements set for the project. In addition, the design objectives were also satisfactorily met. Compared to the conventional models, the present design has replaced the conventional diesel engine cooling system with a mechatronic cooling system that is electronically controlled. This has particularly resulted in a significant improvement in the performance of the car diesel engines particularly with regard to enhanced friction loss, better fuel economy, reduced carbon emissions and ultimately increased engine durability. 10. Learning outcomes (10% of final grade) After a careful exploration utilizing different assets, I learned that diesel motor is favored for overwhelming apparatus. The diesel fuel substitution proportion is over than 90% when the heap rate is beneath 62.5%. Whats more, at the full load conditions, the substitution apportion is around 55%. The CO discharge levels under double fuel mode are significantly higher than that under typical diesel operation conditions. (Xin & Q. 2011). Which are brought on by the fire extinguishing of the incline premixed regular gas-air blend? I likewise learned that because of the low ignition temperature of incline premixed blend, double fuel mode averagely diminishes NOx emanation by 30% in correlation to diesel mode. I as a second partner and an accomplice in the venture I likewise learned that the unburned HC emanation of the average gas-powered double motors is apparently higher than that of the diesel engines. Whats more, around 90% of the THC outflows were unburned methane. It additionally went to my acknowledgment that with the premixed way of the double fuel mode and atomic structure of the methane, smoke discharges are significantly lower than typical diesel motor. Furthermore, with advanced support weight, pilot infusion timing and pilot amount, break warm efficiencies of the double fuel engine can achieve an extremely more elevated amount. It reaches 49% in this study (Wu & C. 2009). References Macmillan, D., Morland, A., & Leffingwell, R. (2010). The big book of John Deere tractors: The complete model-by-model encyclopedia, plus classic toys, brochures, and collectibles. Minneapolis, MN: Voyageur Press. Xin, Q. (2011). Diesel engine system design. Oxford: Woodhead. Wu, C. (2009). Gas closed system cycles. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Smil, V. (2010). Two prime movers of globalization: The history and impact of diesel engines and gas turbines. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. 11. Appendix Read More