European Migration Crisis on the Example of France - Research Proposal Example

Outline

Introduction

The European migrant crisis has continued rapidly and increased its effects on its refugees migrating in Europe. The problem has escalated following the increased cases of violence and insecurity, droughts, abuses, poverty, and people searching for greener pastures in Europe from different regions.

General Objective

The general objective of the study will be to assess the European migration crisis and its effects on refugee and immigration in Europe.

Specific Objectives

• To determine the factors contributing to immigration and refugees influx in France
• To assess the impacts of increased immigration and refugees population in France economy
• To examine the problems that France is facing as a result of immigration and refugees influx in the country
• To determine the implications of the steady increase in immigrants and refugees in France policy-making process.

Research Questions

• What factors are contributing to immigration and refugees influx in France?
• What impacts on France's economy have been experienced from the increased immigration and refugee population currently?
• What problems has France been facing as a result of immigration and refugees influx in the country?
• What implications has France faced in the policy-making process due to immigration and refugee influx in the country?

Literature Review

Migration refers to individuals from one area to occupy another area where they make a home.

Research Problem

The French national institute of statistics INSEE indicated about 6 million immigrants in 2014, with numbers increasing sharply.

Research Paradigm

The study will adopt an interpretivism research paradigm to explain the research.

Research Approach

The study will adopt an inductive research approach as a means of creating an explanation of the migration crisis in France.

Research Design

The research proposal will apply a qualitative research design to given an explanation of the objectives.

Population

The target population of the research will consist of people in the department of immigration addressing people who migrated into the country from other European countries and those migrating within the country.

Sampling and Sample Size

The research will apply deliberate sampling techniques as the population has ready information concerning the crisis that France faces as a result of immigration.

Research Instrument and Material

The research will apply questionnaires to collect data from the field.

Introduction

The European migrant crisis has continued rapidly and increased its effects on its refugees migrating in Europe. The problem has escalated following the increased cases of violence and insecurity, droughts, abuses, poverty, and people searching for greener pastures in Europe from different regions. According to Krsteska (2015), more than a million refugees and migrants have been reported to have crossed to Europe at the end of 2015, which has triggered a crisis in the country. A large number of migrants and the refugees in Europe have raised government concern with the situation worsening Europe's ability to cope with the influx. Consequently, Europe has also experienced divisions in the EU, resulting from the diverse views and strategies on how best to resettle the increased population of migrants and refugees. The vast majority of the migrants cross in Europe via sea, while some make their way into the region over the land, with main routes being Albania and Turkey.

According to a report released by UNHCR in 2016, the start of winter did not hinder the migration of people into Europe, with an estimated 135, 711 migrants crossing the sea to Europe. France has a long history of immigration, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries, when the birth rate fell because of industrialization processes (Marinari, 2016). The fall in birthrate forced France government to encourage immigration in the country to increase France labor market. Although immigration was considered a success story in France, in the past three decades, the notion has changed with immigration now viewed as the root cause of social problems.

France has been faced with similar problems of immigration, which have been strongly influenced by the tradition of recruiting foreign workers and the legacy of colonialism of the earlier centuries. The steady increase in immigration in France has strongly impacted French society's nature, with the government now taking a more restrictive course to control the number of immigrants crossing into the country (Krsteska, 2015). The move has been taken to manage the refugees and immigrants influx with a view of maximizing benefits to the economy through increased control of admissions of the immigrants in France territory. Therefore, the research will focus on determining the root causes of the European migration crisis and its effects on refugees and immigration in Europe.

General Objective

The general objective of the study will be to assess the European migration crisis and its effects on refugee and immigration in Europe.

Specific Objectives

• To determine the factors contributing to immigration and refugees influx in France
• To assess the impacts of increased immigration and refugees population in France economy
• To examine the problems that France is facing as a result of immigration and refugees influx in the country
• To determine the implications of the steady increase in immigrants and refugees in France policy-making process.

Research Questions

• What factors are contributing to immigration and refugees influx in France?
• What impacts on France's economy have been experienced from the increased immigration and refugee population currently?
• What problems has France been facing as a result of immigration and refugees influx in the country?
• What implications has France faced in the policy-making process as a result of immigration and refugee influx in the country?

Research Problem

The French national institute of statistics INSEE indicated about 6 million immigrants in 2014, with numbers increasing sharply up to date. The key countries that the France immigrants originate include Algeria, Morocco, and Italy. The France government viewed the immigrants as a source of market labor, but in recent decades the influx of immigrants and refugees has brought the crisis in Europe. The influx of immigrants has caused the weakening of European unity.

Literature

Immigration Crisis

Cooper (2019) referred to migration as the movement of individuals from one area to occupy another area where they make a home. It can be as a result of war, drought, flood, etc. A study in Africa has shown that civil wars are the primary cause of migration. According to Marinari (2016), migration leads to an increase in slum areas in big cities, which has effects such as pollution, unhygienic conditions, and an increase in contaminated diseases. Migration can be either as a refugee or an immigrant. According to Paksuniemi (2015), a refugee is an individual who has fled from one country to take refuge to another. An immigrant is a person who has moved into another country without biding to protocols of migration and permanently settles there.

Asia remains the largest continental source of the international immigrant, according to ADB'S, Asian economic Integration Report. The results for this immigration are, search for better education, economic opportunities, or even conflicts. Another emerging driver of migration is climate change, the subject of a landmark ADB. According to Cooper (2019) migration system, temporary migrants are allowed, making integration less of a concern and the impact of undocumented migration more of a concern. ASEAN's increasing student migrant population composes a potential source of skilled labor that, in the future, could lead to competitiveness. Migrants close the gap of labor shortages, either by skills upgrading or by providing high skill level.

According to the United Nations, the United States has the highest number of immigrants. Historically, the largest documented voluntary emigration was the Italian diaspora, which migrated from Italy, with 13 million people leaving the country between 1861 and 1970. The Great Atlantic Migration from Europe to North America is the largest migration in history. Refugees who have migrated to Australia face a lot of challenges, including discrimination and racism, community attitudes, language and communication barriers, and unemployment.

In Europe, Poland, in the year 2017, issued the highest number of resident permits to immigrants, followed by Germany and the United Kingdom. In 1951, the International Organization for Migration was established. The IOM has been the leading inter-governmental organization in the migration field. In France, Algeria has the highest number of immigrants accounting for 14.3% of immigrants. Studies have shown that there were 262,000 immigrant arrivals in France in 2017, a number which is rising since 2014. The migrant crisis, which began in 2015 in Europe, impacted the migration entry flows not only in France but also in all European countries. There are several initiatives launched by France and its European partners to enable people who are snared in Libya and fight human trafficking network. France works closely with the African Union and the international organization. According to Marinari (2016) Dublin Regulation, applicants for migration must request asylum in the first country they first land and not move to another country. The same laws limit migrant’s ability to claim asylum in the US if they across its southern border, having come via another country and not sought its protection. This law seems to be unfair to some countries.

Methodology

Research Paradigm

According to Shakhnovich (2018), a research paradigm is explained as an assemblage of dictates and believes that facilitate making inferences and conclusions depending on three research areas. The research paradigm explains when, how and what the research project tries to explain. The study will adopt an interpretivism research paradigm to give an explanation of the research. According to Irshaidat (2019), interpretivism research is essential in giving detailed information about a given variable. The use of the paradigm will offer a logical means of explaining the study's objective and a detailed conclusion on the migration crisis in France. The interpretivism paradigm will allow the study to conduct an in-depth analysis of the research topic. Similarly, the research paradigm will further allow the study to undertake an examination of the immigration crisis in France.

Research Approach

According to Irshaidat (2019) research approach is defined as an orderly plan and procedure used by the researcher in making a broad assumption that is used to explain the research question in hand. The study will adopt an inductive research approach as a means of creating an explanation of the migration crisis in France. The research approach will explain the manner data collection; the researcher will make analysis and interpretation. The research will apply an inductive research approach to give room for the generation of the results that will be given. In addition, the research approach will help the researcher determine the patterns that can be used for analysis, thus giving detailed information about the crisis of migration in France. Additionally, the research approach will be essential in allowing the research to narrow the study scope hence giving room for conclusive and synthesized research. Therefore the use of the inductive research will allow the research to answer the objectives of the research. According to Shakhnovich (2018), the inductive research approach is essential in the establishment of a conceptual framework through the interviews that will provide primary data, while case studies and empirical literature will be essential in giving secondary data.

Research Design

According to Luck (2019), the research design combines the research topic, objectives, literature review and methodology. Thus, the research design is a blueprint of the research as it enhances the reasoning among the different elements of the research. Similarly, Omair (2014) stated that the research design is essential in the integration of the different components of the research with the set objectives. The research proposal will apply a qualitative research design to given an explanation of the objectives. The qualitative research design will apply a means of empirical analysis. An explanatory research design will be essential, narrowing down the research area and providing room for generalization of the finding, reducing the subjectivity on the study topic. According to Omair (2014), the research approach gives room for flexibility and laying down the research foundation. Thus, the exploratory research design will lay the foundation for the analysis of the research in detail, thereby giving a detailed explanation of the research objectives.

Population

Luck (2019) stated that the research population is a collection of people, events, and elements that the research has an interest in. The same author indicated that the population is essential for the generation of the findings for the research. The target population of the research will consist of people in the department of immigration addressing people who migrated into the country from other European countries and those migrating within the country. The population is mostly involved with the process of giving traveling documents such as passports as they have a lot of information concerning the migration crisis in France.

Sampling and Sample Size

According to Omair (2014), research aiming to attain effectiveness must come up with a sample used to make generalizations to the whole population. The research will apply deliberate sampling techniques as the population has ready information concerning the crisis that France faces as a result of immigration. Deliberate sampling is a non-probabilistic technique where the researcher just picks the population on a random basis based on his judgment of their knowledge. According to Shakhnovich (2018), a sample should be representative of the population and should be based on traits and characters of the given population. The importance of having a sample is to assess the research population, facilitating the data collection process. The research will involve a sample of seven respondents.

Research Instrument and Material

The research will apply questionnaires to collect data from the field. The use of questionnaires will allow the researcher to obtain qualitative data within the set time with completeness. The questionnaire will apply both open and close-ended questions to ensure completeness. More importantly, the questionnaire will involve different sections to ensure that all the objectives are addressed. Similarly, the question's subdivision will be essential in ensuring that the topic of the study is addressed. The study will use a voice recorder to ensure that all the details given by the researcher are captured during data collection. Even though the study will obtain consent from the respondent on the issue of using the voice recorder.

Pilot Study

A pilot study will be conducted in a regional migration department with almost the same characteristics as the study area. Shakhnovich (2018) stated that the pilot study is essential in the evaluation of the suitability and appropriateness of the questions contained in the questionnaire. Similarly, the pilot study is essential in establishing the questionnaire's flaws and ambiguities and giving research a chance to amend the questionnaire accordingly. Furthermore, the research will conduct trial intervals to ensure the reliability of the questions to be administered to the respondents. The study will ensure the validity of the research instrument used in the research through the process of cross-checking the questions to be administered to respondents. The use of both reliability and validity will eliminate subjectivity in the research instrument used.

Data Collection

The literature review will provide a great deal of secondary data that will rely on theories, ideologies, and facts form other scholars. On the other hand, the primary data will be obtained from the seven selected research participants. The researcher will prepare a discussion guide prior to the interview process to give the respondents detailed information about the research. Similarly, the discussion guide will test for the precision, completeness, and accuracy of the research tool. The researcher will employ three research assistances to ensure that there is conclusive data collection. The researcher plan to interview the seven participants, where each participant will be interviewed for one hour.

Data Analysis

Immediately after collecting the data, the research will clean, transcribe, edit, and code. The process will be followed by entering the data in the SPSS, which will be used for analysis. Frequency, descriptive and counts will be used for data analysis to establish the trends of the migration crisis in France. Tables and figures will be used to present the research findings, while secondary analysis will be presented through a conceptual framework.

Ethical Consideration

The research will involve three ethical issues. The first one ensures consent, where the research will be conducted on the consent of the respondent. Prior interview, the researcher will be sent a consent form that the respondents will be required to fill. Secondly, the researcher will ensure the confidentiality of the respondents. Similarly, before the actual research, the researcher will send an anonymity and confidentiality clause to respondents. The clause will ensure the respondents that the data will be only be used for research purposes only. Further, the researcher will assure the respondents that the information they will provide be protected and disclosed only when they give their consent. The last ethical consideration is that the research will ensure that participation with the respondents will only be for research only. The principle of researcher and participant relationship will be applied where the researcher will only be concerned about getting information regarding the migration crisis in France.