The Issue of Urbanization - Term Paper Example

To what extent can the problems of urbanization be met by a policy of sustainable development? To what extent can the problemsof urbanization be met by a policy of sustainable development? Introduction Urbanization is the course of action through which an increasing number of individuals come to be perpetually centered in comparatively small regions, developing cities. Internal countryside to urban migration signifies that people shift from rural areas to metropolitan areas. Within this process the amount of people residing in cities boosts in contrast with the amount of people residing in countryside areas. Genuine boost of urbanization can occur in the event that the genuine populace growth in the metropolitan areas surpasses in the rural areas. This situation, nevertheless, seldom arises. A country is believed to urbanize once over 50 per cent of its populace reside in the urban areas (Chaffey, 2000, 135). An urban area is spatial concentration of folks that are employed in non-agricultural routines. The vital attribute here is that urban indicates non-agricultural. Urban may also be referred to as a pretty intricate idea. Standards accustomed to explain urban range from populace size, area, density, and financial organization. Generally, nevertheless, urban is just identified by certain base line dimensions, like 20,000 individuals. In any case this description differs between areas and towns Problems that arise due to urbanization: The issue of urbanization contributes to a large range of troubles. For instance, there is certainly housing issue, traffic issue and pollution issue. The way to resolve these issues has become a significant trouble for all of people across the world. These days, many establishments and specialists state that sustainable development is the most effective approach to resolve these issues. Some people don’t believe that sustainable development may resolve these issues totally; but majority think that sustainable development can fix these issues to a great extent. The primary benefit of urbanization is economic growth. The cities provide a lot more amenities to its residents with wide range of technological devices. On the contrary, unfavorable sides stick to the technical and economic growth. All kinds of pollution raise along with expansion of populace. Traffic congestion additionally begins to be observed in the developed nations. Housing problems accumulate on account of population access from countryside areas to metropolitan areas. The entire of society is influenced by urbanization. All of these damaging sides may be organized as the issues of urbanization. The challenges of urbanization need to be tackled. In this developing world, no one can prevent the expansion of population. Nevertheless, in the event that urban areas might be constructed with an effective technique like sustainability, the problems of urbanization can be resolved. Sustainability signifies the capacity of sustain anything. To put it differently, imagine the future and make a strategy. The goal of it is to put a stop to certain troubles that will be confronted later on. If the cities are well-developed with regards to policy of sustainable development, the dilemmas of urbanization can be solved. Sustainable development: What is sustainable development? Sustainable development signifies that people must not merely concentrate on economic growth, people should also take note of protecting natural environment and conserve sources simultaneously. People ought to create their development for a longer time, can’t just notice the positive aspects in rapid sequence. This solution is established in such a strategy project which is referred to as sustainable development. It can be as the strategy of growing the towns, society and overall economy to have the ability to meet urban people requirements. The accessibility to build later on needs to be taken into consideration for remarkable sustainable development. Traffic congestion: Traffic congestion is of the main issues of the urbanization. The traffic in the area turns into crowded on account of the rise of populace. It tends to create plenty of problems for example traffic jam, performance, area, health and air pollution certainly. The last potential reason is when individuals are not willing to use public transport and they decline the concept of it, which implies they choose to make use of their own vehicles (Goldstone, 2011, 30). The majority of urban transportation troubles crop up when the need for transport surpasses the provided offerings. The need for transport is a resulting demand. Stated more explicitly, it is dependent upon where people reside and do the job, and on the spot of generation, support and discretion routine. Any alternation in the framework of the society can change the need for transportation (Lynch, 2005, 50). Generally, as cities expand, the need for urban transportation can be anticipated to go up. There are different factors found in the expansion approach to a city that has a bearing on the need for transport. Simultaneously, there are also variances between cities in developing and developed nations which impact the expansion practice. Thereupon, the characteristics of demand for transportation and its administration would be anticipated to vary between developing and developed nations (Montgomery, 2004, 20). Traffic congestion can have severe adverse effects. The most apparent one being a pressured and annoyed motorist as time is squandered and in this situation can result in late arrivals to conferences or job causing lack of jobs or disciplinary measures to be taken away against them. Furthermore it decreases local economic health and leads to a loss of the countrys output. Moreover the most negative consequence is its impact on the natural environment. Vehicles stay on idling for several hours discharging greenhouse gases into the environment and amplifies air pollution. With the pushing concern of ecosystem change and global warming we notice how this is often a dilemma. It can contribute to the wearing and tearing of automobiles on account of idling and a high possibility of mishaps because automobiles are in such near proximity and drivers get exhausted (Chaffey, 2000, 135). In the majority of urban cities, certainly one of primary troubles is the scarcity of ample housing. This is described by the many of swift urbanized cities possess an unfinished excess of houses greater than lodged people. The noticeable surplus contains, nevertheless, lots of lodgings that are not appropriate for living. Nevertheless, the outcome is a net deficiency. This does not find out other causes of shortage. For instance, second homes in the incorrect place or the requirement for an offered excess to ensure that house owners can be relocated (Dams, 1999, 125). The impact of short amount of houses is that a few of the urban citizens are left out. For the reason that housing control in a market, the individuals who are in a position to be disregarded will be people who have minimum assets. They cannot maintain a lodging, or need to reside in inappropriate lodging. The deficiency may lead to boost up the expenses, generating troubles in the availability of reasonably priced housing (Castells, 1989, 20) In 20th century; there was clearly a substantial restructure in possessing lands. Urban on minimal wages have a tendency now to be searching for social letting housing. Britain is a good example of a productive urban housing policy. It may because of the grouping of the urban rooms which is based on the job standardization that are landlord, local letting, and occupants. (Allen, 2004, 15) Traffic problem solution: There are some simple sustainable development strategies to overcome traffic congestion. For instance Glasgow City Council has established the one way roads. This can help make the traffic more flowing particularly in rush hours. Renfield Street in Glasgow has prohibited the vehicles to arrive though it in the way for the city center. The most important strategies to reducing the traffic congestion are being focused on the procedures. This plain procedure may be described in to three roles. These three roles may well decrease the travel congestion, however, it must be concentrating on dependability. Alternatively centering on the persuasion plan may raise the traffic congestion rather than fixing it (Lynch, 2005, 42). Traffic congestion may be decreased by raising the volume of motor ways. It ought to focus on bottlenecks. For instance including extra lanes on motor ways, eliminating needless blockers, which it may be broadening tunnels and bridge assistance(Dams, 1999, 126). Next, reducing damnation on traffic, including parking constraint, that will contribute to make vehicle unpleasant by putting on expenses on parking. It could bring in significantly better rivalry for restricted city or road area. Within this scenario some planners consented that free parking at malls is truly one of the factors of traffic congestion (Goldstone, 2011, 4). Housing issue solution: By way of example the populace rise in China from the Second World War to 1949. A number of refugees and unlawful immigrants crossed the shoreline into the boundary regions of Hong Kong, and a sheer number of poorer families constructed their homes in the squatter locations. On account of a huge number of immigrants, there wasn’t sufficient room to cater to the population. At long last, the Hong Kong government has made the decision to develop high-density housing and community housing to bring down the difficulties of the housing inadequacy. To put it differently, dispersing population is yet another procedure for sustainable improvement. A country’s authorities can divide people to reside in various places to be able to stay away from a lot of people overcrowding and a minimal space for typical life in urban areas. Population transform is all that important when squatters transfer to new territories for job and growth, but a federal government will help relieve this (Montgomery, 2004). Conclusions No doubt, there are some positive aspects of urbaanizatuon but there are negative impacts as well. However, if the challenges posed by urbanization are dealt with smart sustainable development strategies then the negative impacts can be suppressed to a great extent. References Allen, Adriana; Pascale Hofmann and Hannah Griffiths (2007) ‘Report on Rural – Urban Linkages for Poverty Reduction’. Elaborated for the State of the World’s Cities Report 2008: ‘Creating Harmonious Cities’, UCL Development Planning Unit, London. Castells, Manuel (1989) ‘The Informational City: Information Technology, Economic Restructuring and the Urban-Regional Process’, Basil Blackwell, Oxford. Chaffey, J. (1994) "The Challenge of Urbanization." Eds. M. Naish& S. Warn. Core geography. London: Longman. 138-46. Chaffey, J.(2000) “Socail Justice in the City.” Extended Writing& Research Skills. Ed. Hoan McCormack and John Slaught. Reading, UK: Garnet Publishing. 132-35. Dams, W.M. (1999). Sustainability. In P. Cloke, P. Crang& Goodwin (Eds.), Introducting human geographies(pp 125-130). London: Amold. Goldstone, Jack A. (2011) "The New Population Bomb: The Four Megatrends That Will Change the World." Ed Robert M. Jackson. Global Issues11/12. 30-4. Lynch, Kenneth (2005) ‘Rural-Urban Interaction in the Developing World’, Routledge, London. Montgomery, Mark; Richard Stren; Barley Cohen and Holly E Reed (eds) (2004) ‘Cities Transformed. Demographic Change and Its Implications in the Developing World’, Earthscan, London. Read More