International Public Administration - Assignment Example

assignment is due International public administration is of great importance today as global collaborations are born in varieties of fields including business and economics. International public administration involves formulation and implementation of policies and principles developed by different international organizations. Organizational management and structure, policy formulation and application, international civil service, personnel administration, policy implementation, and financial implementation are some of the factors included in International public administration. International public administration includes formulating public policies and implementing programs charted according to the respective public policies. Policy formulation is crucial in successful public administration. Implementation of policy is very much based on different policy directives. Policy formulation involves innumerable challenges and hindrances. Identifying the policy objective itself is a difficult task. Locating the objective is the chief requirement for the effective and successful implementation of policies. Policy objectives enable effective relationship between different programs and projects. Dialogues and public policy proposals opened by private and public organizations influence the policy formulation in International organizations. Media responses to the respective issue, international public interest, Court decisions and directives, provisions of international law are some of the crucial factors related to policy formulation. The national policies considered or adopted by the member nations regarding the particular issue are crucial while formulating policies. Policy proposals provided by interests groups, member nations, and other agencies too play a major role in international policy formulation. Policy formulation includes several steps and processes. First of all, issues should be properly stated. This constitutes the objective for the policy. Options that are used for resolving the issue should be well analyzed. Assessment of needs is the next step towards resolving the issue. Further comes the choosing of possible and applicable actions. Next step involves the prioritizing of actions. Taking into consideration the selected actions, projects and programs should be formulated. The resources needed for the programs would be identified and allocated appropriately. In the policy formulation stage the political and legal considerations are evaluated and ascertained. The considerations involve the needed national and international support for the policy that is formulated. The legal framework on which the policy works, political legality of the policy, the possibilities of setting up the need system for policy implementation, are some of the factors that need to be evaluated and ascertained. After the formulation of policy and its functional framework, policy implementation starts. The projects and programs included in the policy will be implemented. Policy implementation include the running of day to day operations of the programs, checking the system function and performance, setting up a system for feedback, checking, and reporting. Resource management includes different aspects of administrative support system. These aspects include finance resources, supplies and personnel. These factors are related to the implementation of the formulated programs. Policy implementation is a challenging task as it includes several phases. Proving budgetary allocations and channeling other resources is a major task. Setting up the mandate of the member nations and the target areas is important in the execution of the policy. The program is supposed to be designed using the strategic analysis of targets and priorities. Controlling the internal components of the program with respect to the established management functions of public administration is yet another function. Planning, categorizing, staffing, controlling, directing, synchronizing, operating, reporting, reviewing and budgeting are some other duties. The external components of the programs also should be managed. The external components include independent organizations, partners of the implementing system, public opinion forums, and media. The implementation phase of the policy includes the overview of performance while carrying out the program. Corrective action also comes in the implementation phase. Corrective action includes the remedial measures that are taken for the proper implementation of the policy. Policy implementation is a challenging task in international scenario. International public administration bodies involve in the complex and challenging task of policy implementation. International policy implementation is difficult because of the multiplicity of participants. Private and public sector participants, national and international parties, government departments, and media and individual participation make the policy implementation difficult and complex. Policy formulation and implementation involve innumerable challenges. As public administration organizations continue working with their development partners in different parts of the world, they recognize several challenges that are associated with policy implementation. Some of the challenges originate from the application of the new tools and techniques to the new development tasks. Other challenges originate from the alterations in the operating environment of the respective country policy implementation. Because of the challenges there is a great need for extra refinement of the management techniques and policy analysis. Transitioning from difficult emergencies is one such challenge. Nation seeks a way forward once they encounter natural disasters or regional or civil wars. These special situations initiate humanitarian, political, civil and development challenges. Public administration organizations play a major role in humanitarian assistance and disaster management. Managing transition shares and implementing policy reforms are some other complex tasks before the organizations. Challenging tasks include planning with insufficient or incomplete information, operating in unstable and troublesome political and social environments, making diverse organizations to cooperate and move together, and working with winners and losers. Majority of the tools formed for the policy implementation are used for helping countries deal with the consequences of complex emergencies. These tools also accelerate the transition from relief to progress. Anticipating and managing conflict is yet another challenge in the policy implementation by public administration organizations. A certain degree of conflict is always present in the implementation of the policy changes. Implementation of policy changes is greatly affected by disruptive or excessive conflict. It is important to understand where they would encounter conflict. It is also difficult to recognize the conflict. Moreover, organizations are confused regarding the actions that need to be taken so that the conflict gets solved. Conflict management is a crucial task in the process of policy implementation. Project management principles have been found to be helping policy implementation. Similarly, conflict management approaches are developed and used for solving policy disputes. These approaches are applicable in other conflict-laden settings in different organizations and communities. Dealing with globalization is yet another challenging task before public administration organizations or intergovernmental organizations in their attempt to formulate and implement policies. Developing and transitional nations encounter a multifaceted transnational system of forces collectively named as globalization. This system includes the free markets, telecommunications system, export and trade systems, international capital and several other things. Country officials encounter pressures and expectations from their people. However, a comprehensive set of international stakeholders assist the process in many different ways. The organizations have to cope with several transnational entities and conventions also. The setting of policy implementation is multi-organizational in nature. Presence of multi-constituencies also makes the setting difficult. Policy implementation is a tough task before the organizations for they have to manage different realms of several systems. Diverse settings in different nations, conflicts, and complex laws make things even more difficult. Institutionalizing independent and democratic governance is yet another task before organizations. Organizations have to face democratization and other complex processes that would make them gain good knowledge of the transition process. Nations follow varieties of trajectories and paths. They may reverse, and even backslide. The process would take more time that expected. Designing, implementing and managing policies is not an easy task. Dealing with policy changes is also a tough task. Managing changes in the new democratic settings is found to be a challenging task for policy makers and implementers. Complex aspects include addressing corruption, dealing with policy debates, dealing with legislative and judicial branches of government, extending the participation of organization in different fields and so on. All these challenges make policy making and implementation difficult for organizations. Read More