What is the nature of the relationship between CCTV installation and burglary reduction - Research Paper Example

? | Word Limit 3500 20/06 Assignment Topic: THE NATURE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CCTV INSTALLATION AND BURGLARY REDUCTION Student name Candidate number: Candidate Statement I hereby declare that this assignment is my own work and any use of materials from other sources has been referenced accordingly. Candidate Signature: Date: Tutor Statement I hereby confirm that this assignment, to the best of my knowledge, is the candidates own work and they have not collaborated in the production of this assignment with any other person. I also confirm that I have a record of this candidate’s progress tutorial/s. Tutor Signature: Date: Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Dissertation Title 4 Focus 4 Aim 4 Objective 4 Background 5 Literature Review 6 Research methodology 9 Research philosophy 10 Research Approach 10 Research Methods 11 Sampling 12 Limitation of Research Methodology 12 Data analysis and Presentation of Data 13 Ethical considerations 13 Conclusion 14 This is the important chapter in the overall research process as this includes the overall conclusion of the research work conducted. This chapter includes the specifications of the research work and also the specification of interpretation and analysis done under the research. From the above research it can be concluded that there has been an extensive use of the CCTV in UK for the purpose of crime prevention and burglary. There has been an extensive reduction in the burglary activities with the use of CCTV. The CCTV has increased its usability by addition of several extensive features like rotating cameras, infrared, computer connectivity, tilt and so on. All these features have made the extensive use of CCTV in UK and have made them universally used in the entire world. CCTV has been an advantageous instrument for reducing the burglary activities due to its high advantages and features which keep the offenders stay away from doing such practices. CCTV helps in effective monitoring, capturing the images and pictures of the offenders and so on which makes it an effective tool for reducing such activities. Thus it can be concluded that the use of CCTV has made a high reduction in the burglary activities. 14 References 15 Dissertation Title The following will include the research study on the following topic- “What is the nature of the relationship between CCTV installation and burglary reduction?” Focus The main focus of the study is on the reduction of burglary crimes with the wide usage of the close circuit television instruments for reducing the disorder, crime and fear of crime in several varieties of sites. The main focus of the research is on the wide use of CCTV instruments in deterring the crimes and happenings related to burglary. The main focus will be effective for exploring the impact of close circuit televisions and also by their usage for reduction in the burglary activities. Aim The main aim of the research is to analyze and identify how the wide use of CCTV installations have reduced the burglary and associated activities and have reduced the level of crime. Objective From the prospective research on the topic the following research objectives will be attained that will cater in achieving the main aim of the research under study: To access the relationship in between the CCTV and the reduced burglary activities To analyze the determine the extent to which the use of CCTV has been done in UK To explore the factors of technology that have forces people and community to use CCTV The above objectives will result to be quite relevant with respect to exploring the research problems and also to conclude significant results and it would also be an effective task to achieve the research aim under consideration. Background The rationale behind taking any research subject for the purpose of study is the context in which the research has been taken and also the significance of the research work under consideration for the current contemporary period and the future period. In the current period the overall world is affected by the burglary activities. Burglary activities denotes entering and breaking or in simple terms can be said to be as the illegal entry into a house or building mainly and purposefully for committing offence or crime (Weisel 2012). Mainly this offence takes the form of theft, but several and most of the jurisdictions specify this activity under the ambit or area of burglary. In the past decade there is an extensive use of the CCTV (close circuit televisions) and installations mainly in the towns and the city areas. In Britain the broadcasting is one of the most costly CCTV coverage in the world. This has been due to the proactive initiative taken by the central government under which around ?38 million has been used and made available to support more than 585 local close circuit televisions systems in the year 1995 (Welsh and Farrington 2002). The CCTV systems have been installed in several areas like town centres, malls, shops, shopping centres, transportation facilities, business centres, playing grounds, and police custody suits and so on. The main aim behind these installations is the prevention from several crimes mainly the burglary. The use of CCTV has been increased due to its high surveillance capability and the opportunity it provides in deterring the security and to the security personnel and officers. It is also claimed that the CTV provides high assurance to people and reduces fear of crime among the people and increases the use of the public related spaces in an effective and efficient manner (Lee 2008). CCTV has also reduced the level of crime as criminals deter from visiting the areas under the CCTV coverage, and believing it to be more and more dangerous. CCTV is also highly used for the purpose of site management and as a tool which can be used to manage the traffic and also to control the crowd at several events like football matches. The main goal of using the CCTV systems is the prevention of burglary and also the disorders and crimes though the deterrence. It can be seen that the CCTV helps and aids in detection by using its surveillance capabilities and making the available the information by which the burglars can easily be traced (United Nations Human Settlements Programme 2007). Literature Review Literature review is one of the most vital methods which is utilized in the research for the purpose of gathering the secondary information and conducting the research in a successful manner. The literature review has been aimed towards analyzing and investigating a number of literatures like journals, books, articles and so on. This has been done in order to explore the impact of the CCTV I reducing the burglary activities undertaken for the purpose of committing crimes like theft etc. this section has been aimed towards analyzing the findings from different literatures taken under study. In the current scenario moistly in UK there has been a wide use of the CCTV as a prevention method from the burglary. Now in all around the world there has been a wide use of the CCTV surveillance as a prevention measure from the burglary and the associated activities. With respect to this, author Phillips in his article presented that CCTV has been an effective measure in the prevention of crimes and also a way by which the crime can easily be traced. The use of the CCTV is at the centre of the analysis for the prevention of crimes and fear among the people (Phillips 2010). As per the author there are several factors in which the CCTV can reduce crimes and this has been evaluated using nine potential mechanisms which has been identified in the literature and these mechanism can also operate more than one at a time. The mechanism including the use of the CCTV includes the reduction of crime by increasing the likelihood of offenders to be caught, stopped or moved and punished for the act (Phillips 2010). The CCTV also captures the offender and brings in the evidence of the offence done by the offender. The use also increases the risk of offender and brings in fear among the offender of being caught into the action in the camera. CCTV also helps in appropriate deployment of the security personnel’s to locate where the suspicious behaviours is taking place (Phillips 2010). CCTV also aids in capturing the time and acts. As there is a least impact on the CCTV surveillance that the acts that take less time in committing crime as compared to the crimes which takes longer time. The use of CCTV also brings into light the fact that the people are taking crime as a serious factor and thus due to this the offenders may deter to commit crime. Using the CCTV also includes its placement and locations for the prevention of the burglary. From the literature it has been analyzed that there is a high decrease in the level of crimes by the use of the CCTV cameras, and this has been seen by the decrease in the local and national crimes rates (Phillips 2010). As per the author Agre and Rotenberg there is a great use of the surveillance cameras for the purpose of deterring the burglary and other crimes. These systems are highly linked to the cameras which have functions like zoom, tilt, full pan, and also night visions and also the computer assisted operations and motions and these helps in effective surveillance of the crimes. The use of CCTV has been grown in UK as between 150-300 million pounds per annum has been spent on the surveillance industry which includes high number of surveillance cameras in the public spaces (Agre and Rotenberg 1998). As per the British security industry association there are more than 75 % of system that are professionally installed (Agre and Rotenberg 1998). The author also suggest that the use of the CTV which was initially used for preventing from burglary, car theft, assault have been extended to combat the anti social behaviour of people at social places like uraining at public places, traffic violations and so on. CCTV is also becoming an integral part of the crime control policy of the governments around the world. It has been widely used a measure to prevent the urban dysfunction. It is not certain that the CCTV are preventing from the crimes but it needs to be accepted that and cannot be denied that this technology is helping to change the face of prevention from crime, social control (Agre and Rotenberg 1998). As per the author Sorensen, there is a wide use of the CCTV has been increased in the recent times in order to prevent crimes like burglars etc especially in UK. There is an increased study of the facts that it has highly added to the prevention of crime in the public areas. The author has presented burglary and the fear of burglary a high from the international perspective, and had demonstrated that the situational crime prevention approach is the main factor to its reduction (Sorensen 2003). As per the author Sorensen the study of British has been suggested that the satisfaction can be enhanced if the police can send the appraising letters to the victims and send them with suggestions to prevent themselves and becoming a repeat victimizing. The author has focused on the situational crime prevention approaches related to burglary. This can be effectively done by the use of the CCTV instruments as they provide specific location monitoring and recording of the happenings during burglary, which assists in tracing the burglars and effectively identifying them with strong proof of their wrong doer and deeds (Sorensen 2003). As per the literature there are several methods of burglar prevention which mainly includes burglar alarms, neighbourhood watch, CCTV and so on. The most effective among all is the use of CCTV which has been mainly designed to reduce burglary. This is mainly done by increasing the perception of risk of the offender and also helping in the way in which the offender and suspected can easily be identified. There is a high nature of relationship in between the CCTV installations and burglar’s reduction as this helps in preventing from the burglars and helps in providing evidences in case burglar happens in the locality (Sorensen 2003). CCTV provides high surveillance and also helps in monitoring for the offenders, this also creates fear among the offenders of being caught and traced easily. Research methodology Research methodology is one of the most vital chapters in the overall research. This helps in making the research effective and sound in the eyes of the researchers and readers. For the purpose of making the research effective it is essential to determine the appropriate concepts, approaches and methods. With the help of the methods appropriate and accurate information’s are gathered on the selected research topic. This chapter is highly important because the data to be collected for the purpose of research is done using these methodologies which becomes vital for solving the research questions and problems (Bergh and Ketchen 2009). For the purpose of analyzing the answers to the questions which has been formulated in the previous sections a description research methodology has been used. This is used because the main aim of the research is aimed at analysing the scenario which already exists in the UK market. This research is done to describe in order to analyze the effects of variables instead of the measuring its effects (Creswell 2003). There are several types of risks faced by the community of UK and main is the burglary which can be prevented by the use of CCTV and which is also used by several residents and social workings. The main aim of the research is to suggest the best model which has proved to be most effective and has helped in reducing the burglary in the community (Gill and Johnson 2002). Research philosophy Mainly the research can be divided into two types of philosophies i.e. interpretative and positivism research philosophy. The interpretative research philosophy takes into consideration the actual behaviours of people apart from their social reality while the positivism philosophy considers the social reality and takes into consideration the accurate and real problems for addressing the research problems (Goddard and Melville 2004). In the positivism research it is vital to gather the accurate information which is not required in the interpretative study. The interpretative philosophy provides as flexible environment to the researcher for research as compared to the positivism philosophy. Reasoning all the above factors the interpretative research study has been used in the current research. Research Approach There are two research approaches that the researcher can use for conducting the research which helps in development of the effective research design which aids in achieving the research objectives in an effective and efficient manner. These are the deductive and inductive research approach. Any one of the above methods can be used within the research for the purpose of research design (Plowright 2011). In this research we will use the inductive research approach as in this method we will first collect the data and analyze them for reaching at the appropriate conclusion. This is also highly suitable with the inductive research philosophy. Deductive research approach is not used because it is highly suitable with the positivist research philosophy which has not been undertaken for the purpose of the research. The research will be based in the inductive research approach and the interpretative research philosophy which requires quality data and information (Ghauri and Gronhaug 2005). Research Methods From this purpose of study the qualitative and quantitative research methodologies has been used. The main focus of the research work is on the risk related phenomenon associated with burglary. This shows that the qualitative information will prove to be highly important and crucial for research. In the descriptive type of information’s, the gathering of the qualitative information is highly useful as this has helped in providing the practical aspects of the study and also has led to collect some quantitative information (Miles and Huberman 1999). The data for the purpose of the research will be gathered using the primary and secondary data collections methods. For the purpose of the primary data collection the questionnaire method has been used under which different questions related to the use of CCTV and the reduction of burglary will be asked from the respondents. Under the secondary data collection the literature review method has been used. The analysis of the extensive literature will assist in building the conceptual framework for the purpose of research and understanding the different theories and concepts related to the burglary and its preventions using the CCTV, which also includes the different concepts with respect to its displacement. For this purpose several books, articles and journals have been gathered for reviewing them and collect the useful information related to the topic. The use of the books, articles and journals has helped in identification of the level of risk management that is provided by the CCTV in UK (Flick 2009). Sampling The survey method will be used for the purpose of data collection through primary method and questionnaire will be used for conducting the survey. The survey will be conducted on 50 respondents who are selected as a sample. For the purpose of the questionnaire filling different respondents will be selected from different localities on the non probability basis. This is done in order to gather the unbiased information and also the gather accurate information for the purpose of research. The questions that have been asked in the questionnaire will be associated with the findings of the literature review and has been aimed to reveal the importance of CCTV in reduction of burglary. The survey will be conducted based on the personal observation of the researcher. For gaining the accurate results the respondents will be approached via mail and some are also approached directly. For this purpose a pilot testing will be done on five respondents from the whole sample (Taylor 2006). Limitation of Research Methodology It is a widely known fact that each coin has two sides. In the similar manner the research methodology which has been utilized and carried out in the research to make it effective has certain limitations as well as compared to several advantages it provide to the dissertation. None of the research can be completed without the hurdles associated with it. The major limitation of the research is that the study has focused mainly on the burglary reduction due to the extensive use of CCTV and not on any other criminal activities. There is a restricted scope of study for carrying the research. After the proper evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of the research methodology it can be concluded that the limitation proves to be a hurdle for the research and perform it in an effective ad efficient manner (Ghauri and Gronhaug 2005). Data analysis and Presentation of Data Presentation of data will help the researcher to present the data in an appropriate manner which has been retrieved from different data collection methodologies utilized in the research work. The qualitative data which has been utilized using the survey method using questionnaire will be presented with the help of questionnaire method. The primary data collected will be represented using the pie chart diagrams for the easy under stability of the reader (Kent 2001). The data analysis section in the research will help the researcher to interpret and analyze the raw data that has been collected using different data collection methods. In this research primary data has been collected using survey questionnaire method while the secondary data has been collected using the literature data collection method. The analysis from both these methodologies will be represented in this section of the research work. The responses from the respondents using the primary data collection method will be represented by graphical method. While the interpretations from the literature review will be done I order to interpret and analyse the findings of the literature (Ghauri and Gronhaug 2005). Ethical considerations Ethics is one of the most vital part and consideration of the overall research work. For making authentic research appropriate sources of information needs to be gathered and proper ethical consideration and ethical aspects need to be taken care for making the research effective. There are several factors which need to be considered for making the research ethical in all respects. The main ethical issue associated with research which can be arisen in the research is plagiarism. Plagiarism is an illegal activity which includes the use of others work without providing full credit to him or her (Penslar 1995). This issue is quite frequent using the data from secondary sources, so this has been taken proper care in order to avoid such unethical practice. For addressing this issue proper referencing has been done and also their proper citation in the research. The issues related to the privacy of information of the respondents have also been taken care. For addressing this issue proper permission of respondents has been availed for the purpose of conducting the survey. No biasness has been done in the research while conducting the research and in the survey. It has also been taken care that no harm to the personal interest of any individual and community will be done which is the utmost responsibility of the researcher during the entire research process. The privacy of the responses and also the identity of respondents have also been done in order to keep it an ethical practice (Penslar 1995). Conclusion This is the important chapter in the overall research process as this includes the overall conclusion of the research work conducted. This chapter includes the specifications of the research work and also the specification of interpretation and analysis done under the research. From the above research it can be concluded that there has been an extensive use of the CCTV in UK for the purpose of crime prevention and burglary. There has been an extensive reduction in the burglary activities with the use of CCTV. The CCTV has increased its usability by addition of several extensive features like rotating cameras, infrared, computer connectivity, tilt and so on. All these features have made the extensive use of CCTV in UK and have made them universally used in the entire world. CCTV has been an advantageous instrument for reducing the burglary activities due to its high advantages and features which keep the offenders stay away from doing such practices. CCTV helps in effective monitoring, capturing the images and pictures of the offenders and so on which makes it an effective tool for reducing such activities. Thus it can be concluded that the use of CCTV has made a high reduction in the burglary activities. References Agre, P.E. and Rotenberg, M. 1998. Technology and Privacy: The New Landscape. MIT Press. Bergh, D.D. and Ketchen, D.J. 2009.Research Methodology in Strategy and Management.Emerald Group Publishing. Creswell, J.W. 2003. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 2nd ed. UK: Publisher SAGE. Flick, U. 2009.An introduction to qualitative research, 4th edn, London: SAGE Publications. Ghauri, P.N. and Gronhaug, K. 2005. Research methods in business studies: a practical guide. 3rd edn. New York: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Gill, J. and Johnson, P. 2002. Research Methods for Managers, 3rd edn, London: SAGE. Goddard, W. and Melville, S. 2004. Research Methodology: An Introduction. 2nd ed. Juta and Company Ltd. Kent, R.A. 2001. Data construction and data analysis for survey research. Palgrave Macmillan. Lee, S. 2008. The Impact of Home Burglar Alarm Systems on Residential Burglaries. ProQuest. Miles, M.B. And Huberman, A.M. 1999. Qualitative data analysis.SAGE. Penslar, R. L. 1995. Research ethics: cases and materials. USA: Indiana University Press. Phillips, C. 2010. A REVIEW OF CCTV EVALUATIONS: CRIME REDUCTION EFFECTS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS ITS USE. Crime Prevention Studies. 10, 123-155. Plowright, D. 2011. Using mixed methods: frameworks for an integrated methodology. London: SAGE. Sorensen, D. W.M. 2003. The Nature and Prevention of Residential Burglary: A Review of the International Literature with An Eye Toward Prevention in Denmark. [Online.]. Available at: http://www.justitsministeriet.dk/fileadmin/downloads/Forskning_og_dokumentation/The_Nature_and_Prevention_of_Residential_Burglary.pdf [Accessed June 20, 2012]. Taylor, R.H. 2006. Research Methodology: A Guide for Researchers In Management And Social Sciences. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2007. Enhancing Urban Safety and Security: Global Report on Human Settlements 2007. Earthscan. Weisel, D.L. 2012. Burglary of Single-Family Houses. [Online.]. Available at: http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/e07021611.pdf [Accessed June 20, 2012]. Welsh, B.C. and Farrington, D.P. 2002. Crime prevention effects of closed circuit television: a systematic review. [Online.]. Available at: http://citoyennete-active.net/sites/data/docs/videosurv062011/Crime_prevention_Survey2002_UKgovernment.pdf [Accessed June 20, 2012]. Read More