Theories of Conflict Resolution - Essay Example

Theories of Conflict Resolution Insert Insert Introduction to Sources of conflict Conflict can arise in any situation where thereis a conflict of interest among parties in an organization or a particular party. Conflict emerges when two conflicting parties fail to reach an agreement. However, the two conflicting parties can reach a resolution if they agree to negotiate. The negotiation process will entail the use of an arbitrator to enable the two parties to reach a mutual agreement. Therefore, the theories that should be in the discussion below give us the view of what goes around in the given society. Therefore, you being our president should have to put them into consideration in order to avoid and solve conflicts that may arise in our country. Moreover, the discussion by Marx and Darwin is evident enough as the things they said were happening worldwide. Marx puts the availability of class struggle to a long-term historical point of view; he also argues that by increasing social inequality will lead to class warfare. Moreover, on the other hand, Capitalism will cause an own breakup. He therefore, calls for the merging of the global working class to be under the banner of Communism. Darwin also generates a revolution viewpoint in biological history. He challenges the prevalent ideas in relation to the beginning and development of life. He opens up a way of how one should think about nature as in such a case did not depend on the availability of supernatural forces (Gaidos, 2011). For instance, the two political parties in The US are conflicting offer the issue of inequality in representation. The Republican Party claims that Democrat party is not portraying equality in its leadership. However, for the two political parties’ leadership to work together for the interest of the common citizens, they will have to agree on how they will ensure that there is equality in all government undertakings. Gender It was put in place as a cognitive theory that says more on how individuals base their thinking on gender and the way those that have traits which sex links them as sex typing becomes the main gender identity. Both women and men experienced the war in ways such as abuse, traumas and inability to access and control important resources in a given country. One gender can be in favor of its own fellow undermining the rights of the opposite gender. In the past and recent years, women are the ones that have become victims of gender inequality. Men put women in a position they look like they cannot do some work that men does. More so, such mentality may hinder the implementation of the policies of the nation (Gaidos, 2011). Therefore, there should be equity of resources and equality in the implementation of policies to avoid wrangles in the society. Ethnicity Such theory states that race is a social group and one of the various factors of knowing ethnicity. It was put in place in the 1920s and bases on culture and assimilation model. In such case, people who belong to different ethnic group undermine the capabilities of others and work against them (Gaidos, 2011). Also, a single nation may find differences and fight among itself, more so, one nation may go against other nation just on the basis of not belonging to one ethnic group and ethnic line thus leading to warfare. Among such wars is Yugoslav wars and Rwandan civil war. South Africa is another country that had a tough encounter with ethnicity. The country lost many of its citizens because of ethnicity. However, they were able to overcome this war with the intervention of African union. That is; it created a platform that enabled the conflicting parties to raise their grievances thus enabling them reach a mutual agreement. Racism Racism conflicts have been in existence for long as even the Bible time. Racial conflicts are a very critical thing in the society. Actually, it is because of physical differences. The feeling of superiority or even inferiority is the main cause of the racial conflict. Such is seen in the conflict racism between the Whites and the Negroes in the U.S.A. the government should put fine on those that abuse others (Hansen, 2008). Citizens also should learn to respect others as it is said that humanity is one race. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree by Darwin shows clearly the evolutionary interrelationships between different species and the manner in which common ancestors put them together. The spread of Darwin’s theory of evolution by normal selection led to a long-lasting increase of humankind’s view of itself and the place it is, relative to the biological history. Its effects broadened as the impact can be seen in some system across the broad variety of disciplines (Hansen, 2008). From the racism theory, you can generate a long lasting relationship among the two disputing parties. Religion Such theory states that whole the human race is doing only aims at the satisfaction of needs and pain that one feels deep. In addition, a great mind is not put into limit by specialization. Many decades ago, members of the different religious denomination had been seen praising their religion thus undermining that of others. The difference comes up when as they worship. It is clearly seen in countries like Nigeria whereby Muslims fight against Christians each claiming that their religion is more powerful in comparison to others (Hansen, 2008). It is, therefore, advisable for all religious groups to advocate for peace and learn to respect somebody’s way of worship. The country realized peace between the Muslims and Christians through negotiations in which the two parties were led to understand the constitutional rights of one another. Realism and Idealism Idealism can as well be regarded as the attitude of a person who normally believes that he can possibly live basing on very high standards of behavior as well as honesty while realism is the attitude of one to accept the given situation the way it is as he prepares to deal with it accordingly (Johannessen, 2007). During the twentieth century, the two struggled as intangible opponents for clearly understanding the international relations as well as analyzing the decisions of the interstate actors, as they qualify the types of policies that should and those that are not supposed to see the light of day. More so, they are also supposed to criticize the types of policies, which went forward from one another’s camp (Johannessen, 2007). For example, Nelson Mandela South African leader, was a leader who believed in high behavior standards. With his leadership style, he was able to ensure that there was peace and prosperity country. Therefore, you can also base on this theory in settling disputes in the situation. Political Realism Realism has a history drawn to the classical political aspects elaborated theoretically in Thucydides. The Europeans makes the realism as an assumption that it is the relationship between nations, which exist in a state of nature known as anarchy. For that reason, a situation in which war among nations is given an assumption to be permanent as it is expectations, unlike the power of the civil government, which restrains people from engaging in violence that can arise locally among groups in a given nation (Johannessen, 2007). For instance, Ukraine and Syria went into political war because of political realism. However, they came to realize their fault be engaging proper dispute resolution mechanisms. Rational actor Is a person that exhibits characteristics that are important to both their preferences as well as their behavior in decision-making? Their preferences are normally transitive and complete, as there is also the independence of the alternatives that are irrelevant. Rational actor maximizes his utility basing on the information available to him. However, the leader can also have the behavior of a rational actor in his leadership, such traits helps him to make wise decisions and allow other peoples views even though he has his own choices to make (Johannessen, 2007). Barack Obama American president is one of the leaders in history who is a rational actor. In his leadership, he ensures that he gives the interest of his people first consideration before making any decision. Therefore, being a rational actor makes him standout, unlike his counterparts. Conflict levels Level one: A problem to solve. It is the first level whereby there are conflicting objectives; it bases more on the problem rather than a person. Level two; Disagreement, it is usually a stage where there is mixing of issues and personality. There is the beginning of distrust and putting the problem to be more of personal. Level three: the contest, it is whereby there are personal attacks. Level four; fight. Is a stage where the group fights against one another as they try to get rid of people? Level five; intractable situations; it is where the conflict cannot be managed any longer (Johannessen, 2007). Level zero; depression, one becomes angry inwardly. In such a case, the problem now begins to affect the health of the person in action. It is therefore recommended that as a leader, you should try the simplest way of managing conflict of which it is to keep differences of opinions at level one. It should not go beyond that level so that everyone understands and comes into agreement that there is a problem to deal with as you write problems out together in a way of workable problem statement (Johannessen, 2007). Therefore, you should be able to understand the needs of your people or the reason as to why they are disputing to settle the dispute properly. Marx actually becomes successful as he introduces a belief in social structures, which acts as the catalysts for the grassroots social conditions as Darwin widens humanity’s view of the biological variations as he defines it as the product of difficult interrelationships as well as interactions with all features of the natural world. Both of them, leads the way to a new mindset of looking at the world that now have become all but manifestation in our culture, and cannot be reversed in the institutions and minds of the people. Therefore, such can result in enhancing the significance of different parts of the international picture, the same parts that the traditional theories have for long have the tendency to marginalize. Therefore, you can base on the leadership that is employed by a democrat party leader in managing its employees and ensuring that they all fight towards the same goal. In conclusion, conflict resolution, is one of the mechanisms that can be employed to ensure that conflicting parties agree. For instance in the case of Ukraine and Syria, the leaders of the two countries came to an agreement to end the civil war because of good negotiations. With the aid of conflict resolution, a leader will be able to understand and attend to the grievances of an individual in a reasonable time. Therefore, with the aid of conflict resolution theories, a leader will ensure that there is good relations among people in a particular state or organization. References Gaidos, S. (2011). Conflict Resolution. Science. doi:10.1126/science.caredit.a1100074 Hansen, T. (2008). Critical conflict resolution theory and practice. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 25(4), 403-427. doi:10.1002/crq.215 Johannessen, H. (2007). Norways commitment to conflict resolution education. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 25(1), 93-100. doi:10.1002/crq.195 Read More