Bullrich Effect - Research Paper Example

Question A. In doing the experiment, it is really important to have an understanding first of the concept to be observed. By taking considerationeach factors that may affect the overall effect of Pulfrich Pendulum. At the start of the experiment, the following materials are prepared. 1. 2 Meters Thin String 2. A circular weight to be placed at the end of the string. 3. Filter (given with the assignment) 4. Tape Measure and other measuring devices like rulers, meter sticks etc. 5. Tapes 6. Pen and Paper. Before the experiment actually started, the person who will do the experiment were briefed for him to be able to do the observation clearly and as accurate as possible. Then, the materials were set up in a brightly lit room and were the person who will do the experiment is comfortable with. Then, the pendulum was set up and tucked in the ceiling using some pins and made sure that it can really carry the weight on the other end. Then, the pendulum was tested to be actually moving in a way that it is not moving towards you and away from you but it is actually moving side to side. To test this, the experimenter looked at it on the side, (Figure 1, Person B) and viewed the pendulum if it is moving in a straight path and not in circular manner. Figure 1. This is the set up used in the experiment wherein the experimenter (Person B) looked at the pendulum in the side to make sure that the swinging of the pendulum is in a straight line. Then, when the set up was completed, the person who will do the experiment, (person A) stood 224 cm away from the pendulum set up. Then, final verification of the pendulum was done again to make sure that it is really working. The pendulum was swayed for the first time with the Person A watching the movement. This is an additional step for the Person A to easily detect the difference of the two set up. After that, the real experiment was done. The experimenter (person B) covered the right eye of Person A with the filter and the other eye was remained open while the pendulum was swinging. Then person A was asked to closely observe what will happen on the pendulum set up and to critically look at the object for him not to miss any vital observations that can be done. Then, person A was asked if he observed the phenomenon that is expected to happen in the experiment. Since the person A had observed the phenomenon, he was asked to describe the said effect in which person A claimed that the pendulum seems following an elliptical path. After it was verified, the same procedure was repeated, the same procedure applies using the same set of experimental devices and the same person A was asked to do the experiment but the thing is, the light is less brighter compared before. The light used was slightly dimmer from the previous one and it was set up by placing some dark filters directly on the bulb to control its brightness. The accuracy of the measurement is highly needed to produce a substantial result and analysis of the experiment. To measure D, the point where the resting pendulum is and the actual location where person A is standing was measured in a straight line. The s is measured by getting the distance between the two eyes. W was measured by getting the half of the full swing of the pendulum where p is the distance of the middle part of the weight up to the tip of the string of the pendulum. The d is the trickiest of all but it was done by placing a meter stick below the pendulum and a pencil vertically upright. Then, while observing the Pulfrich effect, the pencil was being moved until it seems that the elliptical path of the pendulum is directly above pencil. Then the measurement was get in cm to avoid confusion through out the experiment. The calculation of the entire experiment that can show the entire difference of time lags in two situation, (that is also the reference for question 1. A) is attached and labeled figure 2. In this experiment, the Pulfrich Effect can be observed and documented in a way that you can easily understand the concept behind this. Pulfrich Effect is a natural phenomena that happen when the adjustment of our photoreceptors are different from each other. Since we have two eyes that can see, each one has its own vision and used to determine things that it sees. Then, our mind will integrate these views to form a single definition of what is really happening in the environment. Therefore, Pulfrich effect is the phenomenon that happens when the two views are not seeing the same intensity compared to each other. Like in this experiment, the other eye is less brighter or dimmer than another and you have to observe things using your two eyes both opened receiving unequal amount of light from external sources. B. (i) There is an effect when the experiment when the overall brightness is manipulated. Based on the results of the experiment done in the same room, but the thing is, the previous setting of the experiment was brighter than the latter experiment, there is a difference on the time lags as observed by person A. based on the measurements and the values presented (see figure 2), you can definitely see the difference between the two experiments and the apparent effect of the over all lighting of the room to the Pulfrich effect. The general effect observed in the whole process of the experiment was, the brighter the room, the lesser the time lag. And it should be considered in doing this experiment that the over all brightness of the room actually has an effect on the experiment so if repeating the same experiment, it should be done in the same lighting as before to produce at least precise results. As observed in this experiment, definitely, you can say that even though the brightness was controlled in the other eye, the over all lighting received by both eyes should be analyzed also and give prior identification consideration to be able to produce a reliable output in observing the effect. Figure 2. The Solutions and Calculations showing the effect of the Overall Light. First Trial: D= 224 cm d= 71 cm s= 3.2 cm W= 64 cm P= 146 cm L= (d x s)/ D - d L= (71 x 3.2) / 224- 71 L= 227.2/ 153 L= 1.48 cm V= W x g/ P V= 64 x 981/ 146 V= 64 x 31.32/ 12.08 V= 165.93 T= L/ V T= 1.48c,/ 165.93 s T= 0.0089 sec Second Trial: Same D, s, P, W, V d= 79.8 L= (79.8 x 3.2)/ 224 - 79.8 L= 255.36/ 144.2 L= 1.77 cm T= 1.77/ 165.93 T= 0.0107 sec Looking at the result, the second trial, which was done in a less brighter room has actually more time lags compared to the first trial thus, supporting the claim of the effect and the result of the experiment in which the dimmer the room, the longer the time lags. Question 2 A. Question 2. B Question 3 Recognizing a face in a crowd is especially different because you have to access the specific characteristic of the face you are searching and looking for in the vast choices of faces that you actually see. Aside from that, the movement factor can definitely make some modifications of the result of your search because somehow, it could help you in determining whether it is the right person because of his or her choice of movements that is somehow similar or is really expected to that person or it could deceive you as some people acts the same as each other. In view of this, it is far more difficult to distuingish faces in a crowd in a black and white photo because you lack some of the important elements that can actually help you in predicting if you can actually recognize that person. The brain works in such a way that you will gather all the information you can have before processing the entire gathered information to produce something that can be interpreted and it will be decoded into another set of information and will be given another set of meaning. This process will take up a little time and can actually mix up some of the information that you had before and will sometimes lead to mixing up and confusion. In the process of understanding the concept presented in this material, you can see that by comparison, black and white photo lacks the capability to give more clues to people to recognize familiar faces. Taking for example, since it already lacks movements, you will no longer determine the possible stand out characteristics and mannerism of the people. Another thing is, you lost some vital information such as colors and depth. Since it is not three dimensional, what you can see is actually the lens perspective and it can somehow lead you to false identification and interpretation of what you are actually seeing in the scene and in the picture. The connection behind this lies on the capability of our eyes to process information that can give us some clues to actually figure out the real scenario. Since photo is more inactive and can only give us a one perspective view and our eyes will not have the capability to actually see and understand what is being shown in the picture. This hindrance in the way we perceive things will really give us the difficulty in accessing important points we want to see sometimes. It is really apparent that when we are actually in a group of people or we are finding a person in a crowd, our eyes seem to hurt and give different views that can alter the real situation that we are in. this phenomenon affect the way we see things and it can really give us different perception and interpretation of the things that we see. Dear Client, This is already the final answers based on the readings you had provided. Thank you. :) Read More