Applied Final Project: Scrapbook - Literature review Example

Applied Final Project: Scrapbook Number] s), First M. Last, Omit s and Degrees] al Affiliation(s of Actual Submission] Table of Contents Personality Traits, Situations, and Behavior 5 Picture Representing Chapter 5 Website #1 Title & Link 5 Description of Website 5 Website #2 Title & Link 5 Description of Website 6 Full Article Citation in APA Format 6 Article Summary 6 Reasons for choosing picture, websites and articles 6 Personality Assessment I: Personality Testing and its Consequences 8 Picture Representing Chapter 8 Website #1 Title & Link 8 Description of Website 9 Website #2 Title & Link 9 Description of Website 9 Full Article Citation in APA Format 9 Article Summary 9 Reasons for choosing picture, websites and articles 10 The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral Genetics and Evolutionary Theory 11 Picture Representing Chapter 11 Website #1 Title & Link 11 Description of Website 11 Website #2 Title & Link 11 Description of Website 12 Full Article Citation in APA Format 12 Article Summary 12 Reasons for choosing picture, websites and articles 13 The Workings of the Unconscious Mind: Defenses and Slips 14 Picture Representing Chapter 14 Website #1 Title & Link 14 Description of Website 14 Website #2 Title & Link 14 Description of Website 15 Full Article Citation in APA Format 15 Article Summary 15 Reasons for choosing picture, websites and articles 16 Psychoanalysis after Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research 17 Picture Representing Chapter 17 Website #1 Title & Link 17 Description of Website 17 Website #2 Title & Link 17 Description of Website 18 Full Article Citation in APA Format 18 Article Summary 18 Reasons for choosing picture, websites and articles 19 References 20 Personality Traits, Situations, and Behavior Picture Representing Chapter http://www.buzzle.com/articles/situational-attribution-vs-dispositional-attribution.html Website #1 Title & Link Buzzle – Situational Attribution versus Dispositional Attribution http://www.buzzle.com/articles/situational-attribution-vs-dispositional-attribution.html Description of Website This website explores the debate between situational attribution and dispositional attribution through an investigation of the factors that affect attribution and its application by the human being. Website #2 Title & Link PSY Blog – When situations not personality dictate our behavior http://www.spring.org.uk/2009/12/when-situations-not-personality-dictate-our-behaviour.php Description of Website This website utilizes the Biblical story of the Good Samaritan and attempts to explain how the story developed based on situational attributes and dispositional attributes and how the lessons of this story can be incorporated in our daily lives. Full Article Citation in APA Format Sherman, R. A., Nave, C. S., & Funder, D. C. (2012). Properties of persons and situations related to overall and distinctive personality-behavior congruence. Journal of Research in Personality 46, 87-101. DOI:10.1016/j.jrp.2011.12.006 Article Summary The article titled ‘Properties of persons and situations related to overall and distinctive personality-behavior congruence’ relied on surveys carried out on 202 students over a time of several weeks to assess distinctive congruence and overall congruence. This was done through a balance of personality and behavior against normative personality and behavior profiles for these students. The object was to understand how these students behaved in situations they can relate to. The findings showed that distinctive congrunece was more strongly a function of normative standards to provide positive psychological outcomes. On the other hand, certain traits such as strength, autonomy, relatedness and competence had a stronger impact on overall congruence than to distinctive congruence (Sherman, Nave, & Funder, 2012). Reasons for choosing picture, websites and articles The reason for choosing the picture is its true depiction of a basic human dilemma – choosing to go with the crowd or thinking and acting independently. The chapter under consideration tends to highlight the dissection between human proclivity to conform and an innate tendency for independence. The websites chosen also represent the same dilemma and bring it out with more unique perspectives. The first website tends to compare situational attribution and dispositional attribution through a look at the factors that influence them. The second website utilizes a Biblical story to highlight the same dilemma and in using such concepts makes the debate more relatable. The article was chosen because it relied on primary research to expound how human behavior is an amalgamation of personality and situation based on congruence. The composition of congruence was framed in this research and this allows an insight into modern thinking on the age old debate. Personality Assessment I: Personality Testing and its Consequences Picture Representing Chapter http://www.skepticink.com/gps/files/2012/12/20121216-205230.jpg Website #1 Title & Link About.com – What is personality testing? http://psychology.about.com/od/personality-testing/f/personality-testing.htm Description of Website This website details personality assessment and testing methods including self-reporting inventories and projective tests. It also highlights some limitations of personality testing and some informal test mechanisms available online. Website #2 Title & Link Wisdom Exchange TV – Importance of Personality Testing http://www.wisdomexchangetv.com/importance-of-personality-testing/ Description of Website This website lists some reasons as to why personality testing methods should be employed when recruiting people. It also looks into the major reasons of how employee psychology impacts the workplace. Full Article Citation in APA Format Hopwood, C. J., Malone, J. C., Ansell, E. B., Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., McGlashan, T. H., . . . Morey, L. C. (2011). Personality assessment in DSM-5: Empirical support for rating severity, style and traits. Journal of Personality Disorders 25(3), 305-320. DOI not provided with the article. Article Summary The article titled ‘Personality assessment in DSM-5: Empirical support for rating severity, style and traits’ explores the difference between personality testing as per DSM-IV and using dimensional models. It highlights the various shortcomings of personality testing and assessment that the categorical methods of DSM-IV espouse. The research explores how personality disorders can be best classified using personality pathology symptoms by recognizing stylistic elements. The research method relied on longitudinal testing of 605 people forming a clinical sample. The findings show that the generalized severity found from dimensional tests acts as the most vital identifier of psychological malfunction. In contrast, it was also found that normative personality traits provided only a glimpse into the likelihood of psychological malfunction but could not indicate specific areas of dysfunction. Based on the findings, the researchers recommended a three stage personality testing strategy that relies on personality disorder severity, ratings for stylistic elements and ratings from normative personality tests (Hopwood, et al., 2011). Reasons for choosing picture, websites and articles The picture was chosen since it exemplifies that personality tests cannot account for all personality types given the differing personalities produced by a combination of myriad traits that cannot always be mapped out objectively. The websites were chosen since they provide an insight into basic personality mapping techniques and provide a rationale for using these techniques for practical purposes. The first website provides rationale for personality testing along with its practicable limits. The second website was chosen because it provides an insight into a practical application for personality testing in the recruitment of employees. The article was chosen to highlight how contemporary psychological classification practices as per DSM-IV are not adequate enough to map out personality traits through categorical entries only. The need to transform personality testing to new dimensions is brought into sharp focus. The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral Genetics and Evolutionary Theory Picture Representing Chapter http://www.replicatedtypo.com/language-evolution-101-genes-eye-vs-dst/5867.html Website #1 Title & Link Systems Thinker – Evolutionary Psychology http://www.systemsthinker.com/interests/mind/evolpsych.shtml#glabachglabachwhatisep.shtml Description of Website This website looks into the basics of evolutionary psychology and projects it as a field of growing interest in contemporary psychological advancement. It attempts to delineate some modern human behavior as deriving itself from environmental factors faced by human beings over the ages. Website #2 Title & Link Personality Project – Theories http://www.personality-project.org/readings-theory.html Description of Website This website looks into the various theories of personality and individual differences by forming a basic comparison of theories including evolutionary psychology. In doing so, this website provides a bird’s eye view on the state of development in personality difference theories. Full Article Citation in APA Format Scott-Phillips, T. C., Dickins, T. E., & West, S. A. (2011). Evolutionary Theory and the Ultimate-Proximate Distinction in the Human Behaioral Sciences. Perspectives on Psychological Science 6(1), 38-47. DOI: 10.1177/1745691610393528 Article Summary The article titled ‘Evolutionary Theory and the Ultimate-Proximate Distinction in the Human Behavioral Sciences’ examines the development of the evolutionary theory by segregating the concepts of ultimate explanations and proximate explanations. The research has been conducted using secondary research methods only through a comprehensive literature review that examines various perspectives of ultimate explanations and proximate explanations. In order to make the research aims more specific, the lines of argumentation have been limited to an examination of human cooperation, transmission of human culture and epigenetics. The findings of this research emphasize that biological evolutionary traits can only be understood better by providing an explanation for ultimate explanations and proximate explanations and distinguishing between them. In addition, confusions in contemporary literature on ultimate explanations and proximate explanations have been highlighted and methods to avoid them have been provided (Scott-Phillips, Dickins, & West, 2011). Reasons for choosing picture, websites and articles The picture was chosen since it depicts the growth of language in creatures as being an evolutionary process rather than a mere biological trait alone. It could be projected that creatures with cognition are capable of developing their talents beyond the mere biologically inherited traits. The websites were chosen because they provided an insight into evolutionary psychology and show how this particular approach is connected to the other strands of thought in psychology as per personality. The first website was chosen since it highlights the growing interest in evolutionary psychology. The second website was chosen because it maps out various personality theories and shows where evolutionary psychology is right now. The article was chosen since it reviewed a large body of literature and highlighted various forms of confusion that make evolutionary psychology harder to understand and hence rationalize. It serves to show that evolutionary psychology needs much evolution itself to become more practicable. The Workings of the Unconscious Mind: Defenses and Slips Picture Representing Chapter http://izquotes.com/quote/230059 Website #1 Title & Link Simply Psychology – Psychoanalysis http://www.simplypsychology.org/psychoanalysis.html Description of Website This website details psychoanalysis on a basic scale of understanding. The underlying assumptions, an understanding of the unconscious mind and methods for developing such understanding, clinical application and some shortcomings of psychoanalysis are provided. Website #2 Title & Link Skeptic Dictionary – Freudian psychoanalysis http://skepdic.com/psychoan.html Description of Website This website examines various aspects of psychoanalysis as provided by Freud himself and practiced throughout his life in a critical light. The website aims to critically evaluate Freudian psychoanalysis and present it as a case for evolution of other psychological approaches. Full Article Citation in APA Format Schore, A. N. (2011). The Right Brain Implicit Self Lies at the Core of Psychoanalysis. Psychoanalytic Dialogues 21, 75-100. DOI: 10.1080/10481885.2011.545329 Article Summary The article titled ‘The Right Brain Implicit Self Lies at the Core of Psychoanalysis’ examines psychoanalysis from a scientific perspective in terms of the role played by the right side of the brain compared to the left side. The author relies on secondary sources, including his previous works, to delineate how the patient and the therapist both navigate various parts of the right hand side of the brain during psychoanalytic treatment. The broad research framework is provided by the regulation theory that examines the unconscious parts of the human brain and it is supported through pscychopathogenesis and the implicit self. A number of contemporary psychoanalytic frameworks are examined to highlight that implicit cognition, communication and regulation impact psychoanalytic treatment of patients. The findings of this research show that the right part of the human brain has an overwhelming role compared to the left side of the human brain for psychoanalytic treatment (Schore, 2011). Reasons for choosing picture, websites and articles The picture was chosen since it depicts Freud’s basic tenet of treatment – showing respect and love to the patient. The picture serves to highlight the very bedrock of psychoanalysis and in doing so also shows that psychoanalysis is not purely scientific. The websites were chosen in order to delineate the basic ideas of Freud and to provide a valid criticism of his ideas when superimposed into modern psychology. The first website was chosen since it brings out the nuts and bolts of psychoanalysis. The second website was chosen because it provides the shortcomings of psychoanalysis that have prompted the development of new theoretical and practical regimes for modern psychology. The article was chosen to show that psychoanalysis can be rationalized in terms of its provocation of the right side of the human brain. Similar methods of research can be used to examine psychoanalysis further and to improve on its shortcomings. Psychoanalysis after Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research Picture Representing Chapter http://ilikecats.wix.com/erikerikson#!stuff Website #1 Title & Link About.com – Who were the Neo-Freudians? http://psychology.about.com/od/psychoanalytictheories/f/neo-freudian.htm Description of Website This website provides a brief overview of the major Neo-Freudian school of thought and its disagreements with Freud’s thought that led to progression. The major exponents of the Neo-Freudian school of thought are presented as evidence of disagreement with Freud’s ideas. Website #2 Title & Link Boundless – Criticism and Neo-Freudian Approaches to Personality https://www.boundless.com/psychology/personality/psychodynamic-perspective-on-personality/criticism-and-neo-freudian-approaches-to-personality/ Description of Website This website explores the Neo-Freudian school of thought in detail to delineate how the Freudian and Neo-Freudian strands of thought differ in relation to human personality. The emphasis of differentiation is on pathological disavowing and lack of environmental factors in Freud’s original ideas. Full Article Citation in APA Format Gavin, H. (2012). The damsel in distress: not as sweet as she is painted? 4th Global Conference on Evil, Women and Feminine. Prague: University of Huddersfield. DOI not provided in the article. Article Summary The article titled ‘The damsel in distress: not as sweet as she is painted?’ examines a number of children’s fairy tales in the light of Freudian and Neo-Freudian concepts such as Oedipal complex, evolutionary psychology, psychosexual development etc. The author relies on the use of conceptual frameworks to dissect the events and characters in children’s fairytales as her research method. The application of Freudian and Neo-Freudian concepts to fairy tales provides that most children’s fairytales are directed to the female gender as a means of ensuring conformist behavior. Moreover, the research also expounds that fairytales are administered to children at a tender age to ensure that these concepts are carried forward throughout adulthood and beyond. It is also related that the industrial and post-industrial setting has been unable to modify children’s fairytales as a pedagogical device to ensure largely conformist behavior in females although it hardly makes any sense in the modern world (Gavin, 2012). Reasons for choosing picture, websites and articles The picture was chosen as a means of delineating that children can learn from a variety of sources and hence the Freudian conception of learning stands invalidated in large part. Freudian over emphasis on psychosexual development tends to narrow the overall scope of psychology to a large degree. The websites were chosen to provide a brief overview of Neo-Freudians and their ideas as well as to provide valid criticism to the Neo-Freudians work that has allowed greater advancement in contemporary psychology. Finally, the article was chosen since it provides an interesting read and a fresh perspective on how to utilize classic and modern concepts in psychology to examine everyday phenomenon that has a huge impact on our lives. References Gavin, H. (2012). The damsel in distress: not as sweet as she is painted? 4th Global Conference on Evil, Women and Feminine. Prague: University of Huddersfield. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/17741/3/GavinEWF4_Once_upon_a_time.pdf Hopwood, C. J., Malone, J. C., Ansell, E. B., Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., McGlashan, T. H., . . . Morey, L. C. (2011). Personality assessment in DSM-5: Empirical support for rating severity, style and traits. Journal of Personality Disorders 25(3), 305-320. http://wesscholar.wesleyan.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1144&context=div3facpubs&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com.pk%2Fscholar%3Fas_ylo%3D2010%26q%3DPersonality%2Bassessment%2Btesting%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%2C5%26as_vis%3D1#search=%22Personality%20assessment%20testing%22 Schore, A. N. (2011). The Right Brain Implicit Self Lies at the Core of Psychoanalysis. Psychoanalytic Dialogues 21, 75-100. http://lifespanlearn.org/documents/2011Handouts/Schore/Schore%20Psych%20Dialogues%2011.pdf Scott-Phillips, T. C., Dickins, T. E., & West, S. A. (2011). Evolutionary Theory and the Ultimate-Proximate Distinction in the Human Behaioral Sciences. Perspectives on Psychological Science 6(1), 38-47. http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/~tsphilli/papers/Scott-Phillips%20et%20al%2011%20-%20Ultimate%20proximate.pdf Sherman, R. A., Nave, C. S., & Funder, D. C. (2012). Properties of persons and situations related to overall and distinctive personality-behavior congruence. Journal of Research in Personality 46, 87-101. http://www.selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/2012_Shermanetal_JRPCongruence.pdf Read More