Differences between IGO and NGO - Assignment Example

Explain the many ways that modern globalization has had an impact on the world (4aspects) and discuss why it has given rise to IGOs and NGOs. Globalization has integrated international views on the product, ideas and culture. One of the prominent elements of the globalization is the interdependence of the economies and cultural activities (Ritzer 172). Modern globalization begins in late nineteenth century, as a result of industrial revolution that allowed to create standardize production and the growth in the population created sustainable demand (Stger 134). Globalization has greatly contributed towards the development of the global society through transformation ideas, beliefs and practices through the proximity. It has influenced several aspects of the society. Business Through the integration of ideas and improvement in the transportation and communication the world business has rapidly increased (Lechner 34). Globalization has improved business relationships and business transactions. Culture Globalization has increased the cross cultural contact that has exchange several cultures and norms in the global culture. Globalization has persuaded individuals towards a modest way of living and culture. The improvement in the transportation system promotes international tourism and travel for leisure, business or recreational purpose that has allowed individual to exchange their ideas, beliefs and norms. Politics Globalization has reduced the nation states and is more focused towards the international laws and legislation through facilitating international agreement. Health Globalization has transcended national health aspect to a broader platform with the high tech research and practices. It has improved overall health problems and reduction in the disparities that has assessed to overcome deadliest diseases. Globalization has integrated several aspects of the society on a particular platform due to which the unified authorities are established, that are, NGOs and IGO. These organization aim to promote unified beliefs, culture and norms in order to overcome the diversity and development gaps. 2. Describe three of the main political world views, and explain each one’s viewpoint of IGOs? World view refers to the world wide perception on the frameworks of the ideas, beliefs on the basis of individual group, culture. The difference between the political preconception in the minds of individual or nation is one the major reason to the clash among the worldviews. The IGO’s make use of the viewpoints to overcome the preconceptions prevailing in the minds of people. It can allow individual in a same direction. Neoliberalism globalism is one the essential political viewpoint that has financial establishment to moderate the perception of the nation through the combination of modern conservatism. IGOs promote neo liberalism through stressing that the home government should provide basic necessities of life. Social democratic liberalism Social democratic is differing from the neo liberalism as it is more focuses n the market efficiency and social democratic rejects that miracles of the market and is focused on the mixed economy. In the similar manner, IGOs are focused on the promotion of national manufacturing capabilities and the duty of the nation state. Green Malthusianism One of the popular worldview now focused towards the population growth and the environmental sustainability of the world. IGOs are now inclined towards spreading awareness through prevention and controlling measures. The main objective is to improve environment and ecosystem through controlling greenhouse emission. 3. Describe four activities that NGO can undertake to build awareness and advocate for their causes, and give examples to illustrate. Building awareness is one the crucial element for the succession or failure of the awareness program of an NGO, either it be health, environmental, empowerment etc. The four steps that NGO can take to build awareness and advocacy is, planning, implementation, evaluation and adjustment. First of all the organization should analyze the appropriate resources, people and objective for the awareness program and agreeing on the focus and design of the program. Second step is to implement the program through using variety of intervention that suits to the local setting and community. Third step is to evaluate the programs through using appropriate reasons and outcomes. Evaluation allows the organization to have a deeper inside towards the issue and the drawbacks of the programs. Usually, the organization make use of the evaluation process to identify the obstacles and restrain from the community that NGOs deal with the communication and advocacy in order to make people realize the importance of the issue. Finally is the adjustments that should be done with the on the bases of the monitoring and evaluation of the result of the program. Furthermore, the NGO can make use of the different social media forums and websites to advocate and build awareness among the community. 4. Explain the four main challenges or obstacles faced by NGOs. Include examples to illustrate your explanation. The NGO face several challenges as it operates in the different regions of the world. The challenges in the different region of the world that can either be internal and external should be identified by the regional NGOs on their own. The four main challenges faced by NGOs are listed below: Lack of funds One of the major issues that the NGOs face is the difficulty to find sufficient and continuous funding for the work. Accessing the donor is major challenge for the NGO as there are certain lobbies of individual due to which specific NGO have greater control on the access of funds. Limited resources and the mobilization skills are the also one the major challenge for the organization. Limited Capacity The NGOs have the limited technical and organization capacity to expand. There are very few organizations that are ready to understand the issue of the capacity of the building and organization capacity. The weaker the capacity of the organization is the poor the management is. In other words, the limited capacity greatly influences the leadership and management of the organization. Cultural diversity NGOs operate in the different region of the world due to which it has diverse workforce. It is important that the organization should develop methodologies that suits with the structure and system. Poor communication For the effectiveness of the NGO it is important that the objectives of the program are being well communication among the masses. Most of the NGO have limited access towards the effective communication means due to which the communication become weaker and the objectivity declines. 5. What are some of the main factors driving advocacy work and who are actors that NGOs can coordinate with? Factors Driving Advocacy Work Advocacy certainly means to defend how one feels about something by taking help of advanced, specific viewpoint. The main factors that give scope to the field of advocacy work are health issues or equity, domestic violence, inequality of woman, social justice, etc. The advocacy is to change or create the laws, policies, regulations, etc which would affect the life of general public. Aim of advocacy also includes assuring the implementation of such laws and distribution of resources or decisions (Rugendyke 79). There is a fair amount of business in advocacy such as the cycle of policy papers, lobby meetings, recommendations, consultations and media work. There are many different forces in play but the least powerful actor advocating among them all are the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). NGOs new grounds are to monitor and evaluate advocacy. NGOs deal with the political responsibilities which includes the themes of such as poverty, human rights, environment, etc. They mainly present their advocacy services to the local communities (Dorsey and Nelson 34). They spend a lot of time promoting and advocating people’s interests. NGOs’ advocacy goals come with the specific set of political responsibilities and they are the providers of the services to the people. Some other approaches include good health services, education community support, community mobilization, education and assuring the distribution of condoms. NGOs can deal and co-ordinate with the actors having HIV/AIDs, concerning their rights; International humanitarian actors; State actors; Non-state armed actors; Protection actors; Development actors; Local actors; Market actors; Principal actors; Civil society actors, etc. 6. Describe the complication faced by NGOs in responding to complex emergencies and some solution they are using to resolve them. Make sure you include 1 operational, 1 ethical and 1 structural issue? Complex emergencies occur when there is a widespread of the destruction in the society, either because of natural or human destruction (Wondolleck and Crowfoot 73). The increase in the mortality, morbidity and the other potential disease are at the peak. Local and international NGOs plays essential role for the development of the society through delivering different form of services. Complex emergencies possess several issues. One of the major issues of the complex emergencies is the operational issue. If the destruction took place in the cliffy landscapes or the destruction has greatly influence the infrastructure the operation of the NGO become difficult. The supplies and aids become difficult to deliver at the appropriate places. On the other hand, there are some of ethical concerns that should be addressed in the emergencies. It requires a dedication of the health professionals and volunteers to ensure that the equipment, personnel’s and facilities are equality provided to the victims. The staffing of the volunteers for the humanitarian responses is one of the vital elements in the emergencies. It is important that the appropriate equipment and facilities are provided to the victim and the structuring of the NGO suits with the community problems. 7. Organized civil society can play a significant role in conflict situation, before, during and after violence erupts. Give two examples for each stage that shows the impact that CSOs can have. Civil society organizations look into the global, regional and country level issues. If the CSO are practiced correctly it can greatly influence the issues that may occur or to resolve the issues. Several of the society face economical dilemma that can lead the community towards destruction. Some of the civil society organization such as World Bank or IMF steps ahead to provide financial assistance to the economy in order to overcome the obstacles. One of the examples can be identified from the current global recession that collapsed Greece economy. IMF and World Bank stood ahead to provide financial aid to the country to overcome the debts and stabilize the economy. In addition, CSO play an important role to develop strong democratic reinforcement in the society. Recently, the conflict in Syria with respect to the family leadership that was prevailing in the society is one of the best examples to understand the role of the CSO to strengthen democratic reinforcement in the society. The NATO forces assessed the citizens of the country to overcome with the dictatorship and develop effective democratic government. It allows the people of the society with an ability to deliver the people with the serve the public and promote with the high standards of ethic and management. When the conflict between the government and public got worst the NATO forces supported public to overcome the democratic issues and the conflict that could have turned out to be worst. 8. What is five principle or methodologies does interpeace use to approach peace building? How might or might not each of these steps affect the potential for success? Peacebuilding is an approach of individuals or organization to overcome the conflict and restore peace in the lives of individuals or society (Murithi 177). The five principles of the peace building are listed below: 1. Support to basic safety and security The principles of peacebuilding are initially developed on the idea to support the basic safety and security of the people or community. The support is provided through the assistance, counseling or the help of the CSO, IGO and NGOs that provide them facilities and services that are required for the safety. 2. Political processes A political process requires involvement of the legislative bodies and the consent of the parties on the issues. Therefore, it is most complicated issue of the political processes. In this process International experts are gathering to provide political and legal assistance to overcome the issue or conflict. 3. Provision of basic services The provision of the basic services of the life is the bare necessity of the individual. Thus, it is important that the basic services should be provided by the NGO in order to bring stability in the community. 4. Restoration of core government functions Restoration of the core government function is the prior element that has to be dealt after the conflict has been resolved. Assigning the duties, responsibilities and legislative bodies of the community is of great important in order to get the community back into its systematic functioning. 5. Economic revitalization The other step is to overcome the economic gaps through appropriate funding and financial aid to the community to revitalize its economy. It provides support at long run to the nation to persuade its functioning. 9. The ICR plays a special role in IHL. What are two areas where you feel that ICRC does it best work and why? IHL covers the two main areas one is of the protection of people who no more take part in the fighting and the second part is the restrictions over the weapons and tactics of warfare (Carey, Dunlap and Pritchard 9). The Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) plays a special role in the IHL as it supports many countries that are in need of help by certain issues. The ICRC works in the countries affected by numerous conflicts. They play the defined roles in the international mandates and architecture under international law (Breau and Wilmshurst 47). The challenges it faces fulfilling its mandates in IHL such as taking the measures for the security of civilians, manage perception issues and in preserving neutral, independent and humanitarian space. The ICRC carries out a wide range of activities for the purpose of the civilian’s protection. The ICRC does its best by contributing to the improvements in the health sector. This is because it supports the casualties of violence. This is throughout the whole sector of the casualty care including the first aid needed urgently at the site of injury, to the treatment and rehabilitation. All the activities needed to raise the awareness regarding the health and cure maintenance are fully supported by ICRC. Another segment where ICRC has been doing its best that it keeps the parties reminded of their obligations. The obligations under the International Humanitarian laws are to be followed. It provides support to the authorities through training and technical cooperation so that it becomes helpful for them to take the important measures to prevent several violations. 10. The WTO is a complex organization that has many strengths and weaknesses. Discuss three strengths and 3 weakness of the WTO and explain what role NOGs can play in mitigating the negativity effective of institutional failure. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international institute that restores the world political balance. With the assistance of the experts and professional the issues, disputes and constitutions of the new countries are development. WTO has allowed overcoming the issues and complexity of the commitments to overcome the import restriction and promote non traffic barriers. It contributes for the international and the multilateral system to prevent trade tensions between different countries. One of the major strength of WTO is the economic benefits of the free trade that the GAT provides. The liberalism of the WTO promotes the trade and stimulates the economic growth in the country through reduction in the cost and the increases national income of the country. The WTO policies and GAT has overcome the trade tension between the countries due to which the conflicts can be eliminated. Weakness One of the major conflicts in the GAT is about the inclusion of the agricultural product as a source of industrial growth in the counties. The exclusion of the agricultural products deprives the other country’s economies that are dependent on the agricultural products. Secondly, the environmental protection policies of WTO have been challenged to meet the standards. In addition, the inadequate challenges and the costs of the rules and regulation of the developing and developed countries has discriminated their progress (Sideway 24). The key issue about the fairness and equality of the WTO still remains a controversial issue. 11. The organization should make use of the ethical standards that can be applied to the organization and their standard to their rule, values and principles. There are several entities in the society that leads to the development of the social action and are perceived as high resourceful for the society. Any action of these entities can create panic in the society. Thus, it is important that these entities should work within ethical standards. The main four elements that makes the Wikileaks and the other organizations as a source of legitimacy is the representativeness, effectiveness, empowerment and values of the organization (Sideway 132). The reason that these organizations have a greater impact on the minds of the masses is because of the reliability and representativeness that has gained the trust and loyalty of the people. 12. Describe at least four obstacles at either the national or international level to resolving environmental issues. Environmental sustainability is a major concern in the international organization that can be only dealt if the appropriate training and participation of people. Sustainable development can be obtained through spreading awareness and communication with the people. The main obstacles that are faced by the organization are: a) The structure and the systematic obstacles roots from the international system, international law and the structure of the global economic system. It can be overcome through communication and using appropriate measures to spread awareness about the issue. b) Lack of sufficient condition is also one of the major issues. To control and prevent environmental issue such as carbon emission or greenhouse emission requires a change of the whole transportation system that is expensive and difficult to attain. c) Procedural obstacle often takes place during the negotiation with the international environmental sustainability bodies. If the international organization suggests that the country should ban the use of certain thing such as, polytonal bag that can be harmful for the marine life. It is neglected by the locals as they perceive that the banning of the plastic bags shall increase the use of paper bags that can lead to deforestation. d) Designing of effective regime is also one the major obstacle. It requires strict controlling, monitoring and prevention measures that are difficult for the state to manage. Usually the developing countries cannot afford strict measures and monitoring systems. 13. what strengths do NGOs have in resolving environment problems? One of the major strength of the NGO is that it has the ability to transform the behavior of the masses through effective communication, advocacy and consultation. In the contemporary times, several NGOs are working with the policy makers, business and individuals to achieve sustainability for human use. It is because the NGOs have well developed skills that can be beneficial to highlight the significance of the issue. The NGO can have a deeper insight to the issue and asses the environmental problem through its effective knowledge and understanding about the complex issue of the economic and social system. The NGOs have a better understanding about the society, people, culture, norms and value due to which the NGOs are more effective means to deliver the information about the issue to the people, however it evident that the communication and awareness are fundamental aspects, to cope the environmental issues (Sideway 34). Developing and shaping consciousness of individual and communities in a manner to act with responsibility and sense of duty towards the environmental issue. In addition, NGOs come up with better, creative and promoting solution that can be beneficial for spreading the message in the isolated society. It is evident from the researches that the NGO have better knowledge about the capacity to develop effective strategies that allows the develop strategies and tact to develop actions that lead towards sustainable consumption and production. The research of the NGOs is broader than the other organization due to which the civil society can be understood well and the effectiveness of the civil society organization shall eventually increase. In addition, the NGO comes up wit h better ideas to overcome the cultural strains in the society through developing effective messages and channels for communication. Works Cited Breau, Susan and Elizabeth Wilmshurst. Perspectives on the ICRC Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law. U.S.A: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Carey, John, William V. Dunlap and R. John Pritchard. International Humanitarian Law: Origins, Challenges, Prospects (3 Vols). New York: BRILL, 2005. Dorsey, Ellen and Paul J. Nelson. New Rights Advocacy: Changing Strategies of Development and Human Rights NGOs. U.S.A: Georgetown University Press, 2008. Lechner, F J. Globalization: The Making of World Society. New Jersey: Jonhn Wiley and Sons, 2009. Murithi, T. The Ethics of Peacebuilding. New York: Edinburgh University Press, 2009. Ritzer, George. Globalization: A Basic Text. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2009. Rugendyke, Barbara. NGOs as Advocates for Development in a Globalising World. U.S.A: Routledge, 2007. Sideway, R. Resolving Environmental Disputes: From Conflict to Consensus. London: Earthscan, 2013. Stger, Manfred. Globalization. New York: Sterling Publishing Company, 2009. Wondolleck, J K and J Crowfoot. Environmental Disputes: Community Involvement In Conflict Resolution. London: Island Press, 2012. Read More