Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Technologies - Report Example

ENS4152Project Development Proposal and Risk Assessment Report Project Title Student # 12345678 19th August, 2014 Supervisor: Abstract Superconducting magnetic energy storage technologies are used in storage of power due to their ability to store power without losing to the environment thus ensuring power flow stabilization. This important as shown in the research. In as much as wind energy seems to be so efficient, its production is inconsistent due to seasonal changes of wind strength. Furthermore, most wind turbines in the U.S. are located in the middle country where the demand for energy is less. It is also too difficulty to distribute wind power all the way from the middle county to the coasts. Moreover, noise associated with wind turbines disturbs people who live in their surrounding and others complain that wind turbines destroy the beauty of the land and human health. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 4 1.1 Motivation 4 1.2 Objectives 5 1.3 Significance 6 2. Proposed Approach 6 3. Timeline 6 4. Risk Assessment 7 41 Hazard assessment 8 4.2 Provision of adequate training and information 8 4.3 Management, supervision and internal responsibility 9 4.4 Safe operating procedures 9 4.5 Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility maintenance and modification 9 4.6 Facility design 10 5. Progress to Date 10 8. Conclusion 13 9. References 13 Introduction 1.1 Motivation This research is much needed to prove the abilities of Superconducting magnetic energy storage technologies in efficient storage of power generated in wind farm as stable energy sustains life and is therefore indispensable. Essentially, energy furnishes human needs because it is used in industries, which produces basic needs and provide jobs. People sequester energy sources. More importantly, the use of wind farm may help people solve one of the biggest threats to human existence, which is global warming. Since global warming results primary from the huge carbon emissions due to the extensive use of fossil fuels, humans may eventually prevent further environmental degradation. The human race needs to understand the provisions of energy conservation although the task is too large to handle. Energy conservation can save human lives and the entire human population. It can also save households as well as business money (Diesendorf, 2007). Today’s world is built upon power, speed, and demand for energy. Today’s way of life must work around energy consumption in many aspects of life because a huge amount of heat, energy, and transportation is used in daily life. The basic performance in reducing the amount of power consumption taking place daily is energy conservation. Energy is taken for granted by many people. People rarely think of running out of the resource. This is a real problem and running out of non-renewable resources could happen. The main cause for depletion of non-renewable resources is humans. They are also the reason behind damaging the planet earth. Overpopulation has caused disappearance of resources and reserves (Makower, Wilder, & Pernick, 2008). People do not understand that reckless consumption is bound to endanger the future prosperity. It is very important to face the energy issue now in order to save the future. This problem is already affecting the earth and things may only get worse. A reason has to be sought why humans do not want to make any difference in the way they live. Majority of the people do not seem to understand what is being done and the damages that may be faced (Hackney, 2009). In future, people may be experiencing physical shortage and not even enough water to survive. Some major issues that started energy crisis were demand for land development, booming economies, growing populations, and human lethargy. The economic status today makes humans to be accustomed to acquire resources for quick yield and financial gain. Use of vehicles, ships, and airplanes, have enabled people to have sufficient transportation. This demand has created immense pollution thus affecting human health and monetary damage. 1.2 Objectives In order to carry out the study in appropriate directions, identification of the clear and comprehensive research objectives is needed. Therefore, following some of the research objectives are identified that aim to help implement Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility in a wind farm and ensure safety for users: a). The main objective of this project is to improve power quality by ensuring proper facility for wind power is constructed. b). carry out risk assessment for Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility in a wind farm for users. c). To critically investigate current literature on existing superconducting magnetic energy storage currently used in a wind farm. d). Ensure proper SMES unit for minimum weight, high efficiency and low cost. e)To identify problems of integration of superconducting magnetic energy storage in a wind farm and impacts on quality power. f) To evaluate different methodologies suitable for this writer’s study. g). To conduct an empirical study to identify and analyse difficulties that users of superconducting magnetic energy storage are confronted with. h) Recommend the appropriate configuration of SMES for a wind farm 1.3 Significance This study is significant because it will aim at gathering the information found in diverse studies in one concise and informative research study. This study will hence help fill a critical knowledge gap regarding a very important issue. 2. Proposed Approach The specific method used here in carrying out research was mixed method where both qualitative and quantitative will be used. Mixed research is the best way to investigate various projects as it paves way for discussion of results of the study. The researcher is able to test the ideology of the research by adding credibility and validity to the research. One method will have not been applied here because the research involved both qualitative and quantitative measures. 3. Timeline The project will begin on the 27th august, 2014 as shown Gantt chart below 4. Risk Assessment Risk assessment for Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility in a wind farm as workplace hazards is not only provided for under the Health and Safety at Work and Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations. The former stipulates that it is the duty of the employer to ensure that the workplace does not endanger the lives of the people working in it and vulnerable people by carrying out constant risk assessments of the industrial activities. When carrying out risk assessments, one is required to follow five steps. One, they must identify the hazard. In the case of the wind farm, Dewar failure and cryogen rapid evaporation and 2) Conductor breakage and local intensive energy becomes the first hazard. Two, they need to identify those who might be affected or harmed by the Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility. In the case study, the employees are the most vulnerable people, given that they were the ones to operating the wind farm’s storage system. Three, review the existing risk precautions and assess if they meet the stipulated risk standards. Four, take notes of the findings and make improvements where necessary. And lastly, regularly revise the existing risk assessment procedures. Thus, Some of the safety practices include assessment of hazards related to Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility operation, provision of training and information, manage, supervise and fix internal responsibility, follow safe operating procedures, adherence to Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility maintenance and modification procedures, facility design, and prevention of injuries to muscles, joints and bones. 41 Hazard assessment Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility handling hazards should be identified and assessed so that appropriate controls can be put in place to prevent workers from being harmed. The hazards that should be assessed are how workers may be harmed by storage facility by taking into consideration the how it is used, jobs to be done and the workplace environment. A report should be prepared of all the hazards that are likely to take place because it can be used to educate the employees about the hazards related to their work. 4.2 Provision of adequate training and information Employees assigned to handle Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility should be provided with adequate training, and their competency should be evaluated periodically. An employee's competence can be ensured by providing him/her with knowledge of the hazards related to Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility operation, the employee should be trained to protect him/herself from those hazards, demonstrate the skills and knowledge acquired during the training process with respect to Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility operation, to a highly skilled and experienced person. Also, periodic competency evaluation should be carried out by the employer to ensure employee competence in handling Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility operations. 4.3 Management, supervision and internal responsibility Trained, competent and experienced hands should be appointed as supervisors of wind farm operations. These employees should be well aware of the hazards of working in the wind farm and the environment in which they are operating. The supervisors should be well aware of the policies and procedures of their employers with respect to handling of wind farm power plant, and if there are any unsafe working conditions in the workplace, then they should be identified, reported and corrective action should be taken. Supervisors and managers should be perpetually alert to unsafe work conditions and take corrective steps as and when unsafe work conditions arise. It is advisable for supervisors to undergo wind farm plant handling training course in order beef up their knowledge regarding the operation and handling of these plants. Workplace safety committees should be set up to identify workplace hazards, develop rules and procedures in order to prevent injuries, for incident reporting and to monitor improvements to power generating plant. 4.4 Safe operating procedures Wind power generating plant operators should be qualified to operate them. Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility should have protective structure designed to prevent the operators’ harmful emissions. Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility operators must be made to use the safety clothing. 4.5 Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility maintenance and modification There should be periodic maintenance and repairs of Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility. Any modifications such as addition to the storage capacity should be carried with written sanction from the manufacturer or a qualified engineer. There should be regular inspection, testing and maintenance of Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility. The instructions should be written, and the frequency of the inspections, testing and maintenance should be based on the amount of work done by this Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility. The instructions in place should at least match the minimum requirements has laid out by the manufacturer of the storage. Proper records of all inspection, testing and maintenance carried out on Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility should be maintained at the workplace. 4.6 Facility design The facility should be designed in such a way that doorways are sufficient to carry out safe operations Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility and to accommodate loads that are being moved. The Superconducting magnetic energy storage facility should always be clear and free of hazards. There should be proper ventilation of the workplace to prevent the accumulation of noxious gases and vapors. 5. Progress to Date The project has reached the proposal stage 6. Results The graph below represents Single Phase supply voltage used in America with Magnitude of 240 V and Frequency of 120 Hz. The graph below shows power generated and stored The graph shows the storage of a single phase using SMES as it is stabilised 8. Conclusion The purpose was to improve quality of power in that is stored and eventually leading to power stabilisation. The project shows how power will be stored efficiently as well as distribute using SMES For any fault situation of Voltage Sag this method is effective which is proved from the analysis and MATLAB simulation results. 9. References Brice J Quirl,Brain K Johnsom,Senior member IEEE “ Mitigation of voltage sags with phase jump using Dynami Voltage Restorer” Chen A. (2012). New Study Finds the U.S. Wind Power Market Riding a Wave that is Likely to Crescent in 2012. Berkeley Lab, 14 Aug. 2012. Web. 11 Dec. 2012. Lindenberg, S. (2009). 20% Wind Energy By 2030: Increasing Wind Energy’s Contribution to U.S. Electricity Supply. Oak Ridge, TN: Diane Publishing. Nguyen,P.T, & Tapan K. S., (2004). “Dynamic Voltage Restorer against balanced and unbalanced voltage sags: Modelling and simulation”. IEEE transactions on Power Delivery,1-6 Ramtharan, G, Abeyratne, S & Atputharajah,A. (2006). ”Constant frequency control of an active power filter”, National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka, 34(1)pg.21-28 Read More