Philosophy: Socrates Dialogues - Assignment Example

Plato employs the method of dialectic and discusses within a scope of ethics (Plato and Cooper 1). Socrates is accused by the court of dismissing the gods and deluding the youths. Apology is not a confession but a Socrates’ protest against his conviction. Socrates asserts that, unlike the jury men, he is going to tell the truth about his life and reason for his charges. Socrates expounds on the fundamental of wisdom. He portrays pretensions of the sophists as wise. The apology is not carried as an investigation but as a summary of his previous teachings.

He notes that he is the wisest man since he is aware of his ignorance. This displays the foundation of wisdom as a meek acceptance of our lack of knowledge (Plato and Cooper 20). Phaedo is the dialogue that arises after Socrates is sentenced to death by Meletus. The scope of the investigation covers the mode of afterlife. The story is narrated by Phaedo who was a student of his. They engage a method of dialectic as they dissect the nature of an individual’s soul and and whether there is existence after death.

The most essential element that Socrates portrays is the immortality of an individual’s soul (Plato and Cooper 55). Rene Descartes Rene Descartes has got the credit of being the founder of modern philosophy. This crown was based on the view that he broke away from traditional scope of philosophy. He based his change of course on the view that traditional philosophers relied on senses on giving their reasoning. Descartes recognized science, mathematics and empirical analysis in analyzing thoughts.

The scope of work includes the vitality of doubt in thinking, the role of God and metaphysics. Descartes most prominent work is based on the essence of doubt inn thought processes. In giving this reasoning, he subjects his previous knowledge to skepticism (Descartes 13). He argues that senses do lie and that knowledge gained through senses is not trustworthy. In addition, he asserts that observations from senses do not rely on truth but on sensations already registered on our minds. Mathematical logic is exempt from this fate (Descartes 15).

The purpose is, therefore, to find out knowledge that is certain. In his analysis, he finds out that the only fact that cannot be doubted is that he exists. He investigates further to prove his existence. Descartes realizes that the only proof of his existence is that he possesses his mind. Another concept that he expounds on is the relation between the body and mind. Descartes’ argues that intellectual conceptualization of happenings belong to the mind while sensations are owned by a minor part of the mind.

The mind is perceived to be immaterial while the body is material. It is vital to note that Descartes recognizes the mind as being superior to the body. He also reasons that there exists a superior being as God who creates the mind and influences its mode of operation (Descartes 55). Sartre Existentialism is a theory concerned with existence of human beings. It states that purpose of life emanate from the existence of life in them. Sartre emphasizes the human nature of man. Sartre asserts that human existence is more important than reason for life (Ledwig 138).

Human beings are viewed to obtain their purpose as they advance in life. He believes that God does not exist and, therefore, man has got the responsibility of finding his/her meaning, passions and interests. In case he does not find his route, he can will to