Urban-Rural differences in Wages and Occupations in Three New South Wales Postcodes of Surry Hills, Waterloo and Ultimo - Essay Example

? A substantive Urban-Rural differences in wages and occupations in three New South Wales post s of Surry Hills, Waterloo and Ultimo. Luxi He New South Wales is an important state of East Australia and it is predominated by 1060 postcodes each representing a unique area with differences in occupation, living standards, educational standards and social well being. The research paper will be concentrating on the occupational standards and wage differences along with their social impacts on three adjoining post codes namely Sury Hills (2130), Ultimo (2007) and the Waterloo (2017) in the same metropolitan area of New South Wales. These three areas if viewed from the map represent an equilateral triangle with close proximity to each other as well as their convergence near the central region instil an interesting dimension to the research which would be further reflecting the effectiveness of the governmental policies in these adjoining areas (Beer, 2003). The research will direct its focus on the intermediate people of the region and will be exploring the living standards of these people. Education as an important parameter in influencing occupation For the purpose of comparison among the occupational pattern of the three areas, education can be regarded as an important parameter. Occupation generally reflects quality of life, social status, scope of future development and impact on the family life (Salary and wages in Australia, 2011, p. 1). Occupation reflects the income aspects in the life of the people and education acts as a very important variable linking occupation as well as income (Pearson, 2011). Now the focus will be on the employment structure of each of the post codes in study with respect to Australia as a whole. Let us first consider the case of Sury Hills. Employment patterns in Sury Hills The calculations derived from prior the week of census 2006, a total of 3,514 people aged 15 years and over constituted the total labour force in comparison with 9,607,987 in Australia as a whole. 66.9% were employed on a full time basis in comparison with 60.7% in Australia as a whole. 22.5% were employed on a part time basis in comparison with 27.9% in Australia as a whole. 3.4% were employed but were away from work with comparison of 3.5% in Australia as a whole. 2.3% of the people showed employment but without stated hours of work in comparison with 2.6% in Australia as a whole. In the unemployed category 4.8% were found to be unemployed in comparison with 5.2% in Australia as a whole (2006 Census QuickStats, Sury Hills 2012). Fig.1. (2006 Census QuickStats, Sury Hills 2012) Employment in different sections/departments The professional accounted for around 35.6% of the employed persons over the age 15 years in comparison with 19.8 in Australia as a whole. The percentage of the clerical workers and the manager were 17.2% in comparison with 15.0% in Australia as a whole. Both the occupations surpassed a percentage of 50% of the employed persons aged over 15 years. Managers accounted for around 13.2% which was equal to to that of Australia as a whole. The technical and trade workers comprised around 8.1% in comparison with 14.4% in Australia as a whole. Community and Personal Service Workers accounted for around a percentage of 7.4% in comparison of 8.8% in Australia as a whole. Labourers accounted for around 5.9% in comparison with 10.5% in the Australia as a whole. Machinery and drivers comprises of around 3.3% engagement in comparison with the 6.6% engagement in Australia as a whole. It can be also perceived that the percentage between the professionals and machinery operators were around 10 times (2006 Census QuickStats, Sury Hills 2012). Fig.2 (2006 Census QuickStats, Sury Hills, 2012) Employment patterns in Waterloo In Waterloo in 2006, the employed full time workers comprises of 67% as compared to that of 60.7% in Australia as a whole. The percentage of employed part time was 19% in comparison with 27.9% in Australia as a whole. The percentage of employed away from work was 2.8% in comparison with 3.5% in Australia as a whole. The percentage of unemployed was 8.8% as in comparison with 5.2% in Australia as a whole (2006 Census QuickStats, Waterloo, 2012). Fig.3 (2006 Census QuickStats, Waterloo, 2012) Employment in different sections/departments In 2006, going department wise it can be stated that the professionals and the managers were evaluated at a percentage of 29 in comparison with 19.8% in Australia as a whole. The clerical and the administrative workers were at a level of 14.6% in comparison with 15.0%. Community and personal services were at the rate of 14.6 in comparison with 15.0 in Australia as a whole. Technical trade workers were at the level of 8.9% in comparison with 14.4% in Australia as a whole. Labourers were evaluated at the rate of 5.3% in comparison with 10.5% in Australia as a whole. In the department of machinery operators and drivers the percentage was 3.0% in comparison with 6.6% in Australia as a whole (2006 Census QuickStats, Waterloo, 2012). Fig.4 (2006 Census QuickStats, Waterloo, 2012) Employment patterns in Ultimo The total full time employment was around 60.1% in 2006. The percentage of employed part time was at the level 25.7. The percentage of employed away from work was 2% and the percentage of unemployed was around 5.2%. The Australian total is the same as done in the previous exercises (2006 Census QuickStats, Ultimo, 2012). Fig. 5 (2006 Census QuickStats, Ultimo, 2012) Employment in different sections/departments The professionals comprised of 33.6%, clerical and administrative workers were at 15.5%, community and personal service was around 9.6%, technicians and trade workers were at the level of 8.4%. Labourers were at the level of 6.1% and machinery and the drivers were at the level of 2.1%. The Australian total is the same as done in the previous exercises (2006 Census QuickStats, Ultimo, 2012). Fig. 6. (2006 Census QuickStats, Ultimo, 2012) Focus on the median income Median income is the level of income which divides the units in a group into two equal parts, one half having incomes above the median and the other half having incomes below the median and this is taken as a good indicator for analysing our research procedure further. The median weekly income of the three states in comparison is provided in a tabular representation below: Postcode individuals’ family 2130 (Sury Hills) 662 1539 2017 (Waterloo) 480 1240 2007(Ultimo) 431 1239 Australia 466 1171 The above data states that the individual income level of the Waterloo and Sury Hills are higher than the Australia’s total and ultimo is lower than it. These regions are concentrated in the centre region of Sydney but it can be stated that Ultimo is relatively a poorer area and the government have found improper treatment to the elder people. On the other hand, these three regions’ family are higher than the Australia’s and there is only 1 dollar difference from Waterloo and Ultimo. Overall comparison and drive in the future Due to higher individual income, people who live in Waterloo can work more in more relaxed fashion but people live in Ultimo must work hard to balance the family outcome. Surry Hills is in the lead in any part of income because it located near the central train station and there are many stores in there that many people who work in centre region live in there. The professionals in Ultimo are 33.6% of employed persons aged over 15 years and over in region in Ultimo what is 16 times more than the percentage of the machinery operators and drivers. On the other hand, in comparison with the income level between selected region and Australia, Surry Hills’ median individual income per week is 662 and Australia’s is 466 which the gap is 200 dollars approaching. The median family income gap between Surry Hills and Australia per week reached near 300 dollars. The income level in Waterloo is 480 of the median individual income per week and 1240 of the median family income per week. The data of occupation and income in Waterloo and Ultimo is almost similar to the data in Surry Hills because they are all region where locate near the centre region in Sydney. However, there are still some minor differences. Compared to the Australian income level and the selected region, the gap between Waterloo and Australia is smaller than the one between Surry Hills and Australia. Ultimo is the only selected region which the median individual income per week is less than the Australia’s. Many reasons will cause the changes in the data, occupation affects income, and median individual income affects family income. According to the data of three regions selected, over 50% of occupation is the professionals’ and administration workers. Compared to these two parts the machinery operators and driver occupies a very small part in all the occupations. Professionals and administration workers are the occupation what need the advanced level of education; it seems that the spread of education has an important influence to the range of occupation (Leuner, 2008). Education is a purposeful, planned, organized behaviour to exert influence on the socio economic development because this is an era of lifelong learning and education is a real escort to occupation. More and more people can receive better education conditionally (Leuner, 2008). Conclusion The exploration of the data and their comparison in three different regions of Sydney, Australia reveals the occupational and income distribution which suggests the importance of education to an utmost level. These three areas find their close proximity near the centre region and all of them have a similar situation of occupation and income level (James, 2007). The government will have to have to be vigilant enough in maintaining this similar situation and continuously focus k on developing the economic level in Waterloo and Ultimo so that they catch up to the levels in Surry Hills and will help Sydney to become a community of common and enhanced development. References 1. Beer, A, 2003, Developing Australia's Regions, Sydney. 2. James,C, Sydney, Australia: A Global City?, viewed 1 January 2007, < http://usj.sagepub.com/content/34/11/1881.short>. 3. Leuner, B 2008, Migration, Multiculturalism and Language Maintenance in Australia. pp.158, Sydney 4. Pearson, N 2011, Education and Equality in Australia, Austalia 5. Salary and wages in Australia, Salary, Tax and Superannuation Information, 2011, viewed on 3 October 2012, . 6. 2006 Census QuickStats, 2012, viewed 3 October 2011, 7. 2006 Census QuickStats, Waterloo, 2012, viewed 3 October 2011, http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ProductSearch?&areacode=SSC12015&producttype=QuickStats&action=401 8. 2006 Census QuickStats, Ultimo, 2012, viewed 3 October 2011, http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ProductSearch?&areacode=SSC11989&producttype=QuickStats&action=401 Read More