Types of Abortion - Research Paper Example

? Abortion Abortion Introduction The annihilation of a pregnancy goes by the term abortion. This has been in society for decades and the people have had different views on the matter. There are different ways through which abortion can happen. There are times when it happens impulsively and in this case, it is referred to as a miscarriage. Miscarriages happen when the person has some health issue or gets into a situation that may shock her body physically (Walter, 2011). There is also the type of abortion induced at will. This is the most common form with the term abortion. With these types of abortion, there are the safe ones carried out in medical institutions and there are the unsafe ones carried out that often bring in various complications and in the worst cases death. There are very many legal and ethical issues involved with the issue of abortion and it is important to review all of them to familiarize. Types and Issues in Abortion Many of the abortions over the years have been due to unwanted pregnancies. Many of the people that get pregnant unwillingly are overcome by guilt to a point where they cannot handle bearing a child. There is also the factor that they may not be old enough to handle the responsibility of having a child. This mostly happens in underage teenagers who do not observe ethics upheld by society and engage in unprotected sex. However, for the abortions carried out clinically, various issues lead to their effectiveness (Stotland, 2010). One of the major reasons as to why a doctor may advice for the carrying out of an abortion is a condition at which the mother is at a risk of health if she continues bearing the fetus in the womb. As stated, there is also the spontaneous type of abortion. This is where the mother loses the pregnancy due to physical and health issues unwillingly. When the embryo bursts earlier than expected, a miscarriage may occur or a premature birth. It all depends with the health condition of the embryo around that time. When a miscarriage happens, it has many implications on the mother. This is because the mother had expected the child to be born in a healthy matter only to lose it (Stotland, 2008). One of the ways through which the mother may be affected by this form of abortion is emotionally. In this state, the mother may get stress because of over-thinking the issue and to an extended state may get depressed. This may also affect the mother physically. This is because the mother may suffer several wounds from the manner in which the blood from the miscarriage flowed from her body. These wound may be external which are easily treated. However, the situation may be as bad as to the injuries being internal and thus the patient may require surgery. One of the issues to observe when dealing with the issue of abortion is the safety observed when carrying out of the procedure. There is both the safe and unsafe ways of carrying out abortion. For the save ones, licensed practitioners carry out the procedure. However, for unsafe abortions, the process often tends to carried out by unskilled practitioners or even fraud doctors. Unsafe abortions cater for one of the highest number of deaths in women around the world. The World Health Organization has been a very effective ambassador for the end of ill-advised abortions all over the world (Potts, 2010). This is witnessed from the efforts that it has made in advertisements at hospitals and other social places that show the dangers of abortion. Developing countries are worst hit by the issue as research shows that 97% of the abortions happen in these countries. Different Sides on Abortion Abortion being one of the greatest and pressing issues in society has lead to a great number of debates unto whether or not it is necessary. The different sides of the matter are viewed from a social, legal and medical manner. The first groups of people are the people that lie on the acceptance side. These are the people that do not view abortion as a poor process. The number of people with this notion after recent survey was about 25%. These people stated that their reasons as to accepting abortion is due to the factor that there are times when a person may get pregnant for different and disrespectful reasons such as rape. To assist the person get over the problem, the people do side with the issue of accepting abortion. Moreover, they state that the education of the mother is very imperative and that continued pregnancy is a very demining factor to the education of the child. There are those that side with the acceptance of abortion from the clinical perspective. The community rather understands these people because they make their decisions from an advised scope. They state that the pregnancy may be harmful to both the mother and the baby and hence termination is necessary. The people against abortion take up the other side of the issue and they take up around 75% in society. Most of the people in the social context are against abortion stating that it is just like murder as it is the taking of another human life. Murder as obviously taken by society is a very great sin and thus the notion. They tend to go by the fact that the sins of the mother, such as unprotected sex, should not be paid by the life of an innocent individual. The other group of people that largely agrees with this is the political group. The several legislations and bills put forward are always in the best interest of the unborn fetus. The law does not conform to any form of abortion taking place without a prior checked and confirmed reason from medical practitioners. The law is against the notion of abortion stating that if, allowed, the number of abortions per year would increase significantly. One other reason as to why there is a high rate of abortion is the lack of a father figure. When most women get to the reality that they are pregnant and that their children will lack a father figure, both for character building and financial support, they lack the need of having that child and end up carrying out an abortion. For many young girls, they carry out abortion because they are still in school. The pregnancy may get in their way of education and hence opt to terminate it. In some of the worst reasons as to why abortion is carried out is because of the emotional condition of the female due to the pregnancy being induced by rape. There are also social factors that lead to women carrying out abortions. One of the factors is the stigma associated with premarital pregnancies (Simons, 2009). Society often disregards females that get pregnant before marriage and hence the person often ends up carrying out abortions. In marriage conditions, the parents of the unborn child may want a child of a certain sex. However, after visiting the hospital and the running of tests, they may find out that the child is of the opposite sex and hence opt for an abortion. Advanced Nursing Practice and Abortion The stated reasons come to conflict standards of the advanced nursing practices. This is because the natural and provided code of ethics for medical practitioners is that for the carrying out of an abortion, a legitimate reason and factor has to uphold. The most common reason as to why a practitioner may carry out abortion on a human being is when the health of the fetus or the mother is at risk. Looking at the issue in a more advanced state of nursing practice, the Center for Disease Control carried out a survey on the issue of abortions (Bulger, 2009). The results of the study showed that 27% of all successful abortions in America happened in less than 5 weeks of gestation. There was the realization that with the increase in the number of weeks, there was a constant decrease in the number of successful abortions. This was because with an increase in the number of days through the pregnancy, there was the change of the hormonal balance in the body of the mother. This furthermore, ensured that there was an increase in the size of the fetus and thus the difficulty of a proper abortion. Another medical issue noticed with abortion is the method used for it to be effective. Different methods of abortion come into prospect depending on the amount of time that the person had been pregnant. One of the most common ways through which to carry out an abortion is through suction-aspiration (Walbert, 2010). This is best carried out when the fetus is in their first weeks because it simple to carry out. As the fetus grows, there is the need to use a different method of abortion and this is from the Dilation and Curettage manner of abortion carried out. For the largest fetus to take an abortion, the best manner to carry out the process is through Dilation and evacuation method most effective for this size. The Act on Abortion There are legal legislations that bind to the issue of abortion. One of the most common ones is The Heartbeat Informed Consent Act H.R. 3130. The act has several rules and statements to uphold on the issue of abortion. One of the rubrics through which the rule stands is that the presence of a living organism in the womb of a woman is to receive absolute consideration before any course of action regarding the woman’s body. It also seeks to ensure that in case of a person seeking to have an abortion, all the necessary terms and conditions have to stand and there should be a signed document from a practitioner stating the unstable health of the child or the mother if the pregnancy is to be carried on. There is also the issue of consent from the mother. Many are times that the mother forced to carry out an abortion and this mostly happens in situations where the mother is underage and under parental care. In this situation, the act applies where it states that the consent of the mother has to be given for an abortion to be carried out. It is also important for the carrier of the baby to have an informed background of the risks involved with abortion. This is to state that they should have an informed consent (Jones, 2011). Still in line with this clause, the law states that it is important for the patient to receive an ultrasound before declaring her interest in carrying out the abortion. This is because the ultrasound assists the woman to see her child and in case of a complication advised by the doctor removable by abortion, she has the power to accept going on with the abortion or continue with the pregnancy taking up the risk. One of the major sponsors of the bill is Rep. Michele Bachmann. Michele is a republican who sponsors the bill with very high credit. She sponsors it, as she is a member of the House Energy and Commerce-Health committee majoring in the issues of sexuality. Michelle bears the congress work of being in charge of women’s health and reproductive health. Through this, she deals with a panel of informed medical personnel who constantly offer her professional advice on various health issues and hence the relation to the advanced nursing practices. Moreover, she is backed by a great number of republicans in the sponsorship of the bill as they try to gain a level ground with the democrats who are the ones mostly found to bear most of the societal issues rather than political endeavors. They push for the upholding of the act stating the various advantages that it will bear on society. Abortion has been a pressing issue and the manner in which it is handled is very important because it involves another human without the power to produce his or her views. It is due to this that it is important to take care of the issue depending on the emergency associated. There are the abortions carried out willingly just for pleasure and these should be discouraged. However, the medically approved ones are necessary. In addition, in case of a miscarriage, there is the understanding that that was involuntary. The law does its best to ensure that all the abortions carried out are right from a legal perspective. References Tribe, L. (2008). Abortion: The Clash of Absolutes. New York: Paw Prints. Potts, M. (2010). Abortion. CA: CUP Publishers. Stotland, N. (2008) Abortion: Feelings and Facts. New York: American Psychiatric Pub. Walbert, D. (2010). Abortion Society, Health Issues and the Law: A Critical Approach. Virginia: Press of Case Western Reserve University. Jones, F. (2011). The Heartbeat Informed Consent Act H.R. 3130. Retrieved on 27th March 2012 from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-112hr3130ih/pdf/BILLS-112hr3130ih.pdf Russell, W. (2009). Teaching Social Issues in a Critical Manner and Self Evaluation. New York: Cengage Learning Walter, J. (2011). Contemporary Issues in Bioethics: A Religious Perspective. London: Oxford Learning Press. Batchelor, E. (2010). Abortion: The Moral Issues. New York: McGraw Hill Publishers. Bulger, R. (2009). Society’s Choices: Social and Ethical Decision Making on Health Issues. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Simons, H. (2009). Persuasion in Society. London: Oxford Learning Press. 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