The Perception of Inhibiting and Facilitating Factors for Nursing Documentation in Sweden - Research Proposal Example

critique of research article (NAME) (COURSE) (INSTITUTION) (INSTRUCTOR’S NAME) 6/05/2009 Introduction The perception of inhibiting and facilitating factors for nursing documentation have been of great concern in Sweden and as been described in various articles. The environment and the organization have been described in these studies as the major influencing factors in nursing documentation. Various theories such as the Theory of Reasoned Action which argues that the intention of people to behave in a particular manner is determined by their attitude towards regarding the behavior and the subjective norm as well as the way they perceive social pressure to behave or not behave in a certain manner (Bjorvell, Wredling and Thorell-Ekstrand, 2003). For nurses to change their attitude towards documentation in order to change in behavior (adopt documentation). Traditionally in Sweden, RNs document the given care retrospectively instead of prospective documentation of nursing care. This research article is aimed at identifying the perception of RNs to nursing documentation using the VIPS model. The research encompasses previous existing theories and experiences in analyzing the experiences of 20 RNs from various hospitals and in different wards. The various research steps will be critically reviewed to bring out research receipt in a research article. Methodological approach Research is essential in every aspect of life. In nursing various researches have been carried out in improving and demystifying the care provision in the nursing profession. Various research methods are applied depending on the type of research and the aim of the research. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods have been widely used in research in nursing. These two methods of research can contribute to useful knowledge in nursing. In research it has become useful to use multidimensional research that includes both qualitative and quantitative research techniques. Thus, the polarization of this two research methods is no longer in existence and one cannot entirely work on its own. In the current research, qualitative research was used and analysis performed through qualitative content analysis. This is more or less of Giorgi’s methodology for existential methodology, which is a qualitative research design. This research design is focused on the experiences of people in their routine activities. (Giorgi, 1985 pp 111-142) This method allows individuals to describe their experiences. In the current research study, twenty RNs were grouped into three main focus groups for guided discussion sessions in a conference room. The information collected in the discussion was designed to know the perception of RNs in using nursing documentation of VIPS model in their work as nurses. Generally, qualitative research is appropriate in the study of human behavior through experiences. It involves interactive process instead of linear. This is essential in asking a general question which refines the intended meaning of results of the research as the research continues. The qualitative research tries to understand the whole phenomenon in the context of the research field. This is done through inductive reasoning with no preconceived ideas about the study outcomes as it involves the investigation of individual experiences of the nurses in a naturalistic setting that put meaning to the theory and practice of nursing and for further research work. (Streubert & Carpenter, 1999 pp 80-165). The qualitative research is common and is interested in descriptive data rather than numerical data. Qualitative research is holistic and has continuous analysis of data to invent successive strategies. The quantitative research however has strengths over qualitative research as it applies deductive reasoning. It offers numerical data that allows the researcher to reject or accept the data in relation to the formulated hypothesis. In the current research there was no null hypothesis to guide the information collected during the research (Burns and Grove, 2007 pp 90-198) Qualitative research fails to give an analysis of the real data. It does not break down data into meaningful conclusion. Quantitative research and analysis of data could have been applied in this research article to address such shortcomings that the research failed to address. In quantitative research data is numerical and therefore statistical data analysis methods are employed to come up with information emphasizing objectivity. In this research article, qualitative research has been solely used in establishing the role perception of RNs in nursing documentation using the VIPS model. In general, the qualitative research used in the research were appropriate to the investigation of the phenomenon of nursing documentation and helped in deducing four dimensions of nursing documentation by nurses who share a common technical skill despite, race, religion, gender age and work experience. Problem definition Research in the field of nursing is endless and is important in filling in the gaps in knowledge that is needed for care giving in nursing practice (Burns & Grove, 2005). The purpose of research is a clear and succinct statement of a specific goal, aim and objective of the research study formulated from the research problem. A good research problem should portray three important characteristics. These include, the ability of the problem statement to clearly identify the variables under consideration, should specify the sample of population to be studied and finally, should involve the possibility of empirical testing. In the recent article, the statement of the problem in the research is clearly stated in the first paragraph of the article’s introduction. It has been expounded into more than just a problem by describing the methodology of research that would be applied in the research. The purpose of the study states, “The purpose of this study was to describe the RNs’ perceptions of and attitudes towards the effects of a two year comprehensive intervention using VIPS model for nursing and generate hypothesis for future research” (Bjorvell, Wredling and Thorell-Ekstrand, 2003). This definition of the research purpose is descriptive of the kind of research that one expects and the purpose of carrying the research is clearly depicted. In fact the introduction of the article is a summary of all the aspect of the research which puts the reader toes. The statement of the problem and purpose of the research is clear and eliminates the prospect of ambiguity to the reader. Literature review In research study, literature review is a written summary of the position of the existing knowledge on an issue to be researched. Literature review is the use of theoretical and empirical sources to form a clear picture of what is known and what is not known in regard to the statement of the problem which gives the basis of the conducted study (Burns & Grove, 2005). In lay man’s language, literature review is the process by which the researcher takes account of the known knowledge about a given research issue. In the present research, the scope of the nursing documentation in health care provision has been screened and analyzed deeply from various sources. The sources include both secondary and primary sources. The research problem of the nursing documentation in health care has been supported from other works. The researcher uses evidence from books of various writers that documentation in health care using VIPS model has been endorsed. Research design Research design is the guidelines for carrying out a research study and is responsible for managing factors that could interfere with the validity of the findings. According to Nieswiadomy (1998), research design controls, guides planning and implementation of a research study in order to achieve the desired results and findings. In the current research, the design used was appropriate for the study. The discussion sessions from the three focus groups were well recorded and appropriate qualitative analysis applied to draw out conclusions. From the answers to the guided discussions, four main categories were developed in trying to express and understand the perception of RNs on nursing documentation using VIPS model. Sampling Sampling is the selection of the elements from the whole population to be studied. These elements can either be people, events or behaviors among any other element that can be researched on. (Beanland et al. 1999 pp 45-123) In the research article, twenty RN out of thirty four were selected from three hospitals wards. The RNs exhibited various work experience as some were from surgical ward, rehabilitation and neurological ward at a university in Stockholm. An inclusion criterion was used which required the participants to have participated for two full years in the intervention programme on nursing documentation. The participants’ age, experience, time of service was also considered. Data collection strategies This is the process through which information to be used in the study of the research problem is collected. The method applied in data collection is dogged by the research method or the aim of the study. In the current, discussion was found appropriate. Discussion sessions were done in a conference room initiated by two RNs who were not part of the study and the discussions were audiotaped. Data analysis strategies This is the systematic organization and synthesis of research data. It is aimed at giving meaning to information collected or the data. In the current article, qualitative content analysis method was deployed to give meaning to the data (Nieswiadomy, 1998). The texts were read word by word and were separated into text units that reflected various phenomena of the experiences of the participating RNs. Sensitizing concepts coding approach whereby the researcher is guided by previous theories and experiences even though no particular hypothesis used. Result findings Research findings are the result of the analyses of the study information attained from the research question (Burns & Grove, 2005). In the current research, it was found out that the perception of the RNs in using VIPS model of nursing documentation fell into four major categories as depicted from the 3 main focus groups. They include influence on daily practice and professional role, acquired skills, organizational issues as well as reaction and responses by other professionals. Ethical issues Every research should be guided by ethical principles which ensure respect for person, beneficence and justice. Beneficence entails the protection of the participant from harm, which can be either psychological or physical. Ethical considerations in a research study outweigh the possibility of risks to the participants (Beanland et al. 1999). In the current research, ethical issues were considered in the best way. The participants voluntarily engaged in the research and anonymity was observed. This was done by ensuring that an individual not connected to the study transcribed the auditaped discussion sessions verbatim. In addition, ethical issues were observed by seeking approval from Karolinska Institute Ethical Committee. Professional code of ethics has been respected in the research i.e. Privacy, anonymity and confidentiality. Conclusion The research is well structured with the researchers taking the necessary steps in a research study. All the important aspects in a research that included statement of the problem and the purpose of the research alongside sampling, methodology, data collection and analysis not forgetting ethical considerations were in place. References Bjorvell, C. Wredling, R. and Thorell-Ekstrand, I. (2003). Improving Documentation Using Nursing model, Journal of advanced nursing 43(4), 402-410 Burns, N. & Grove, K. (2007). Understanding nursing research: Building an evidence-based practice. (4th ed.). Philadelphia: WB Saunders. Burns, N. & Grove, K. (2007). Study Guide for understanding nursing research - building an evidenced-based practice. (4th ed.). Philadelphia: WB Saunders. Beanland, C. et al. (1999). Nursing research methods. Critical appraisal and utilisation (1st Australian ed.). Sydney: Mosby. Burns, N. & Grove, S. (2005). The practice of nursing research, conduct, critique and utilization. Missouri: Elsevier Saunders. Giorgi, A. (1985). Phenomenology and psychological research. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press. Nieswiadomy, R. (1998). Foundations of nursing research (3rd ed.). Connecticut: Appleton & Lange. Streubert, H., & Carpenter, D. (1999). Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott. Read More