Standards of Care - Essay Example

B, which is the cardiopulmonary bypass.

• CPB is a technique whereby the functioning of the lungs and heart is taken over for the maintenance of oxygen and blood circulation.
• It is a type of extracorporeal circulation.
• It is used in heart surgery because there is always a challenge when it comes to a heart operation
• CPB helps in supporting circulation when the heart chambers are being operated
• CBP uses centrifugal or roller pumps

There are also other devices such as the catheter. Catheterization is the type of operation that does not require the heart or chest to be opened.

• In catheterization, the doctor has to insert the catheter in the leg vein and then guide the catheter to the heart using the x-ray images (Stark and Tsang, 2006).
• When the catheter is in the point of defect, the doctor threads small tools via the catheter to the heart, which repairs the defect.
• Catheter technique is used in fixing holes. The catheter is often threaded inside the hole and then equipped with an umbrella-shaped device that is left inside the hole.  With time, normal tissue starts to grow over the umbrella-shaped device.

Limitations

• Can cause too much infection
• Can cause bleeding
• Can cause a heart attack

 Alternative approaches- Another standard of care is open-heart surgery.

• The open-heart surgery is used in cases whereby the doctor cannot use the catheter to correct the defect in the child’s heart.
• The child will be operated depending on the extent to which the defect has occurred. There are some congenital defects of the heart, for example, holes, which require minimal heart surgery.
• A heart transplant can be used when there is a serious heart defect that is impossible to repair.
• There are some mild heart defects that can be treated with medications that can increase the efficiency of the functioning of the heart.
• In cases where it is impossible to repair or operate the heart defect, medication is the only option. There are also drugs such as an angiotensin-converting enzyme that result in loss of fluid, which can eventually help in easing the stress on the heart.
• There are also some medications that can be used to decrease irregular heartbeats. Sometimes it is better to combine the treatments. Additionally, some surgical procedures or catheters have to be conducted in steps over a long time. Others may have to be repeated while the child develops.  

Methods of solution

1. Objectives
2. Physical examination: The doctor examines the patient and listens to their lungs and heart by the use of the stethoscope.
3. The doctor then performs diagnostic tests such as echocardiography, which is a painless test that develops a moving picture in the heart.
4. The doctor may also take chest x-rays for seeing the pictures of the chest structure like the lungs and the heart. The test shows if the heart has been enlarged.  
5. Steps necessary to build the deliverable
6. Once the doctor detects that the child has CDH, the child will have to be monitored and treated as they grow.
7. The child may have had surgery conducted by a doctor, but still, they will require lifelong monitoring (Thorne and Clift, 2009).
8. Alternative approaches
9. It is always important to remind the child of their heart condition so that they are aware of it. The parents must also restrict the child from doing too many excises that can harm their heart.
10. The parents should also take extra steps in ensuring that the child is prevented from further infection of the heart.