Computed Tomography - Assignment Example

Computed Tomography I. Introduction Different methods of shielding design in computed tomography have been used. The two main organizations in charge include the British Institute of Radiology and Institute of Physics in Engineering in Medicine (BIR-IPEM) and the National Council on Radiation Protection (NCPR) which are used for shielding compactness calculation. The protective barriers used on BIR-IPEM technique ranges from a minimal requirement of 1.1 to 1.4 mm. results obtained from these methods could appear different as in the case of BIR-IPEM technique, results are equivalent with values based on dispersed dose quantities while on the other side, the NCRP technique demonstrated an overestimation of the least vital obstacle of depth. Breast shielding method is another shielding method. It helps in reducing radiation dose. The main side effect of breast shielding is that it produces low quality images during the study. Bismuth shielding method on the other side has also contributed to reduce doses effects to patients of CT such as breast, thyroid and eye lens. Bismuth shielding method is also easy to use compared to other methods. Radiation protection shielding helps in reducing exposed body parts which are sensitive such as thyroid and gonads and the breast from radiation. II. Review of Relevant Literature Having gone through several findings about computed tomography radiation protection shield, it is our concern to consider different body parts that experiences radiation effects. The reviews specify a favorite shields for computed tomography angiography versus ventilation perfusion scanning in the diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolus to the patients with lung disease (Jankowski et al., 2004). The nature of likeness is geared with a number of factors that varies between the institutions and the selection of the patient. Shielding calculations for computed tomography system is based on British Institute of Radiology and institute of physics in Engineering in Medicine (BIR-IPEM). Studies reveal that people are much affected by computed tomography (Jankowski et al., 2004). Concerns and complains have been raised worldwide regarding on the dose strategy and the side effects which may result from the scanning technology may have. Thermoluminescent Detectors (TLDs) later came into existence in scanning rooms. Research also shows that several radiosensitive body parts get assistance from the in-plane bismuth shielding which is composed of the breasts, eye-lens, thyroid gland and testes (Jankowski et al., 2004). The introduction of the in-plane bismuth shielding has expressively helped to lower the dose that radio-sensitive body parts absorb are also examined by different kinds of methods used and their impacts to the users of the in-plane bismuth shielding through the computed tomography exam and noticed that its use has no impact on the quality of the image. III. Frameworks There is need to establish quality channels for computed tomography (CT) in which all patients affected would get the required information regarding the use of the dose. The initial potential of the imaging modality has been recognized by quick scientific developments resulting to growth of computed tomography (CT) performances (Jankowski et al., 2004). These practices were to be design in such a manner that it is beneficial to the patients of CT. The use of thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) which should be placed in three CT scanner housings at dissimilar points before the start of processing. Hypothesis The different computed tomography shielding methods result in a reduction of radiation dose among patients. To come up with best methods of shielding in computed tomography. To improve the level of informing the patients on the use of doses. To examine different kind of methods and their impacts for computed tomography. A. Independent Variable These are factors that cannot change. They include factors such as age. It cannot be changed by any other factors. With reference to computed tomography (CT) the independent variables are ages of the affected people with radiation. They include both children and the adults. B. Dependent Variable These are factors that vary. They change with time. With reference to computed tomography, the results of patients dying from computed tomography varies with time (Jankowski et al., 2004). The values are not always constant. Each of three calculated tomography (CT) biomarkers has self-reliantly contributed to analytic rate for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Iv. Methods and Materials Different shielding methods in computed tomography are used and shielding should be of different body parts. In this case, we need to have CT for eye shielding which is design to be used in head and facial CT scans. CT for Radio-protective Brassier which has been design to protect breast tissues. Images will be also be obtained in the views of left lateral, left posterior oblique, right lateral and right lateral oblique until the number reaches 100-k (Jankowski et al., 2004). During the study period data will be composed with respect to positive and negative findings depending on the study area. Statistical values will be calculated to recognize modality sensitivity. After the end of data collection and statistical calculations done, data will be presented inform of chat, tables among others in order to allow easy interpretation by the medical departments in order to make necessary correction with relevance to shielding in computed tomography (Jankowski et al., 2004). A. Research Design type The objective of conducting this is to identify the coronary artery diseases (CAD) patients because of high risk of survival of these patients (Jankowski et al., 2004). The research is design to identify how to use shielding in a computed tomography. Shielding can lower image quality and accuracy by causing line and rays to harden objects increasing the number of CT below the shield. Shielding on the other side, waste some of the patient’s radiation exposure by absorbing x-rays before reaching the patient. B. Setting where Research Study will Occur The research study will be held where there is interest of study (Jankowski et al., 2004). Before the actual study, the researcher need to check if he/she is well equipped with the necessary materials that will be used during the study. C. Participants The targeted group is those with radiation effects where new design methods of computed tomography would be applied to offer help. D. Ethical protection As per the case of the study, human beings are the participants to be involved. Ethical approval is a major concern. There should be effective shielding system of computed tomography victims. Preventive techniques to the patients in relation to exposure in computed tomography (CT) scanning. Advancement of computed tomography technology should also a major concern to raise utilization in clinical practices which is a great interest in a health care community (Jankowski et al., 2004). Permission from the relevant authority also needs to be got in order to create awareness and proper arrangement of the community of interest. E. Positive and Negative interventions During the study, researcher may experience certain challenges that may lead to attainment of the desired information’s within the study area (Jankowski et al., 2004). Shielding use in a computed tomography study together with bismuth shielding of automatic exposure control systems (AEC) may always leads to irregular and theoretically unwanted levels of dose and image quality. The use of Bismuth shielding has also reduced the dose from computed tomography (CT) to frontal radio-sensitive body parts such as eye lenses, thyroid and breasts. Research estimates that shielding can achieve major decrease of distributed radiation dose. F. Data collection Data collection can be done through various ways. Taking of photographs of the patients suffering from computed tomography can be done (Jankowski et al., 2004). Researcher may decide to take simple notes on the effects of using shielding method in CT to patients. G. Timetable DAYS TIME EVENT DAY 1 8.00-12.00 Welcoming and receiving patients DAY 2 8.00-12.00 Advising patients with CT DAY 3 8.00-12.00 Treatment DAY 4 8.00-12.00 Offer doses DAY 5 8.00-12.00 Summary Reference Jankowski, M. D. S., Yeung, R.W. K., Li, T., & Lee, K. M. (2004). Computed tomography of odontogenic myxoma. Clinical Radiology, 59(3). 281-287. Read More