Case Study 12 - Coursework Example

Symptom Analysis Tool Symptom: A-Identify (list) appropriate history questions to be asked of your client to discriminate critical characteristics orattributes about the above presenting complaint.B- Delineate competing hy­potheses that could support the above symptoms in rela­tion to pertinent answers given in the history.Note: you should include the diagnosis from the Final Assessment Findings section in the case study as part of the hypothesis. (you do not need to completed 5, only the 2 I listed)1.

Hypothesis 1: Uncomplicated UTI or Cystitis (it is the same thing, whichever one you can find patho and/or part D is fine).2. Hypothesis 2: Benign Prostatic HyperplasiaC- Explain the physical findings or reported symptoms you would expect during the visit. Using the inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation (IPPA) format, define hypothesized objective and subjective data you would expect to obtain during the patient exam.D- Describe the physiology or pathophysiology associated with each hypothesis.1. Hypothesis 1: Uncomplicated UTI or Cystitis- occurs as a result of urinary pathogens emanating from the vagina or bowel infects the periurethral mucosa and subsequently moves to the baldder.

A large percentage (80%) of UTIs is due to the uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), while Staphylococcus saprophyticus occupies 5-15% of the cases. Enterococcus and Klebsiella species and Proteus mirabilis cause few UTI cases (Hooton, 2012).2. Hypothesis 2: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia- prostatic enlargement is dermined by the androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Type II 5-alpha-reductase while in the prostate gland metabolizes and circulates testosterone into the androgen DHT. Consequently, DHT sticks with the androgen receptors found in the nuclei (cell) leading to BPH (Lepor, 2005).

E-Describe the diagnostic tests that would be appropriate for each diagnosis.1. Hypothesis 1: Uncomplicated UTI or Cystitis- urinalysis, urine culture 2. Hypothesis 2: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia- digital rectal examination, laboratory studies (urinalysis and urine culture), ultrasonograpghy, lower urinary tract endoscopy, IPSS/AUA-SI. Analysis:The patient is having an Uncomplicated UTI or Cystitis. This is mainly because he has previously suffered a UTI infection. Additionally, he possesses a comorbid condition (hypertension).

Since the patient did not dribble after urination or possess a weak urine flow, BPH was ruled out.ReferencesHooton, T. M. (2012). Uncomplicated urinary tract infection. New England Journal of Medicine, 366(11), 1028-1037.Lepor, H. (2005). Pathophysiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the aging male population. Reviews in urology, 7(Suppl 4), S3.