Terrorism and Homeland Security Quiz - Assignment Example

Assignment Types of force multipliers and the ways terrorist use each type to carry out their activities Force multipliers, in terrorism, is the process and means that aid in augmented activities in terrorism. The five types of force multipliers in terrorism are: religion, media, transitional support, technology and recruitments as discussed. Religion offers an auspicious environment for member groups to have a common ideology towards a certain goal. Religion offer doctrines used to recruit and train new members. Members have to respect the belief systems of the group such that they can even sacrifice their bodies in order to uphold the teachings. The terrorism groups use various religions such as Islam through quoting verses in the Quran that encourage killings. (Chandra, 2003). The terrorism groups use media to convey their message to the wider world, which enhances their survival, and as a means to elicit fear to the populace (Hamm, 2007). The terrorism groups use media to convey a message of ill intentions that lead to fluctuations in moral behaviors, in the society. The transitional support provides an opportunity to the terrorist to carry out an attack through offering financial support and military empowerment (Hamm, 2007). The terrorist groups use this support to deviate from the law; thus establishing their guidelines in order to control various localities within their dispensation in order to enhance their dominance. Terrorism takes advantage of the rapid advance of technology in the contemporary world, which allows inventions of explosive devices that terrorist groups use to make sophisticated bombs. Terrorist inculcate various technological skills in their training in order to make such explosive devices (Chandra, 2003). Terrorists continuously recruit new members offering to them lucrative returns where the terrorists use their vast numbers of membership to carry out multiple attacks. Effects produced by various chemical agents and the problem they pose to terrorist A Chemical agent is a chemical substance that contains elements that depending to the intended purpose may cause death or injuries to the victim. Grouping of chemical agents involves the evaluation of the purpose they carry out. The division includes lethal agents, non-lethal agent, herbicides and equipment destruction agents (Kort, 2010). Lethal agents are the most dangerous as they cause death or permanent disabilities. Experts group the agents into four sub-divisions that consist of respiratory agents, blister agents, blood agents and nerve agents. Respiratory agents interfere with the functioning of the lungs causing the victims not to breathe properly, or choke to death. Blister agents do not necessary kill, but injure the victim. These agents cause blisters on parts of the body, when a human is exposed to these agents they may cause death if inhaled. Blood agents hinder the flow of oxygen to organs. Eventually, causing asphyxiation, which may lead to death. Nerve agents further sub-divide according to the rate at which they evaporate and penetrate the central nerve systems of an individual. The nerve agents impair muscle movements in an individual such as the cardiac muscles hence death (Veenema, 2012). Non-lethal agents include agents contrived to avoid permanent impairment and deaths to the victim through restricting chances of an attack. The agents include Riot Control Agent (tear gas), vomiting agents and incapacitating agents. The tear gas causes eye irritations leading to blurred vision or blindness. The vomiting agents induce the propensity to vomit, which if applied to attackers may place them susceptible to tear gas especially if they had masks. The incapacitating agents make the victim incapable of functioning properly by either making them fatigued or causing a deep sleep to the individual (Veenema, 2012). Users apply herbicides to the plantation to eradicate flora leaving the enemy in an open ground where attacks are easy (Kort, 2010). Types of suicide attacks explaining how altruistic suicide is accomplished Suicide attack involves activities that individuals or groups carry out to kill civilian and security forces in order to achieve a set goal. Suicide attacks may vary depending with the method used to execute the attack, the target populace and the type of weapon applied (Whites, 2012). The following exposition illustrates the three types of suicide attacks. First, the suicide attack carried out by two rival countries engaging in warfare where individuals mandated to carry out the attack establishes a precise and an assessed approach. Individuals who carry out these attacks are trained armed forces from the respective two countries at war (Whites, 2012). The other type of suicide attack involves individuals or groups who intentionally sacrifice their lives while killing their target groups. The attackers may use weapons such as grenades, firearms and tactics such as plane hijacking and carjacking (Whites, 2012). The other category of suicide attack occurs when individuals carry bombs with them and use them to explode once in the midst of their target groups. Terrorists in contemporary world are applying this attack to kill innocent population because of the inventions in explosive devices that has caused augmented number of casualties (Whites, 2012). Altruistic suicide is a form of suicide where the individuals feel compelled to follow societal norms such that they decide to be detached from them. The attackers willingly sacrifice their lives in order to attain their community, religion or ethnic goals. The attackers may not always kill other individuals in a given mission (Hafez, 2007). Attackers may accomplish altruistic suicide as it attracts large public attention through media therefore inflicting fear to the populace. The attention gained may favor and encourage new recruits and financial aid. The financial donations provide support to the attackers and their families (Hafez, 2007). The attack also makes it difficult to retrieve information of the suicide bomber, which enhances effective accomplishment. Contrast between right-wing terrorism and left-wing terrorism citing two examples of both There are clear dichotomies that exist between right wing terrorism and left wing terrorism as illustrated. Right wing focuses on conquering the nationalist government and replacing them. The right wing terrorism possesses certain behaviors such as hooliganism and crazy street violence, which articulately convey the intended purpose. Right wing terrorism does not uphold strict ideologies as their operations are not well coordinated (Martin, 2007). Right wing terrorism holds views that allow the conservation of their belief systems without letting changes to their ideology. Right wing terrorism target many victims in order to convey their message and elicit fear among the audience who receives the devastating news especially through the media (Martin, 2007). Right wing implicates to fight for the citizen from foreign invaders who want to deny the citizen their rightful share. Right wing terrorism is religious extremist whom the society disapproves and abandon. The left wing terrorism focuses to replace the capitalist government with a socialist one. They develop an inflexible ideological conception because of their well-coordinated operations. The left wing accommodates the contemporary radical changes whereby they may hire terrorists from other countries to augment their activities. Left wing terrorism implicates to work for their society’s social economic goals, which makes the terrorists avoid deaths and casualties in the society thus attacking buildings (Martin, 2007). These terrorists perform their societal roles as expected since they can freely adapt to the society. Right wing terrorism organizations include the Irish Republican Army and Al-Qaida while the left wing terrorism organizations include the Earth Liberation Front and the November 19 (Martin, 2007). References Chandra, R. (2003). Global Terrorism. New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House. Hafez, H. H (2007). Suicide Bombers in Iraq: The Strategy and Ideology of Martyrdom. Washington: US institute of Peace Press. Hamm, M. S. (2007). Terrorism As Crime: From Oklahoma City to Al-Qaeda and Beyond. NewYork, N Y: New York University Press. Kort, M. (2010). Weapons of Mass Destruction. New York, NY: InfoBase Publishing. Martin, G. (2007). Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues. New York, NY: Sage. Veenema, T. G. (2012). Disaster Nursing and Emergency Preparedness: for Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Terrorism and Other Hazards, for Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Terrorism and Other Hazards, Third Edition. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company. White, J. R. (2012). Terrorism and Homeland Security. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. Read More