Introducing Telemedicine to the Hospitals - Annotated Bibliography Example

Annotated bibliography Berenson, R., Grossman, M., & November, E. (2009 Does telemonitoring of patients- the eICU-improve intensive care? Health Affairs, 28(5), W937-W937-W947: Retrieved from http://login.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/8 52799410? Accountid=4485 The authors describe telemedicine as a way of employing a small number of intensivists to deal with a wide range of patients; this implies that these experts cover more than one hospital at any particular time. This system has various supportive software such as sentry alert that provide alerts readings that are out of range on heart rate, laboratory values, and blood pressures among other many conditions. The software also involve immediate access to all progress about patient plans of care, x-ray as well as notes that are useful to the patient. This helps hospitals in management because they minimize on costs since one intensivist is used in more that one hospital to offer the same service. The authors brings out the positive effects that telemedicine has in the intensive care unit. This is because this system has an audio-video patient monitoring and management system that has a design best suitable for intensive care unit and hence only few experts manage many hospitals. This source has a goal of ensuring that hospitals minimize costs for intensive care unit to increase financial gain of the hospital. This source is helpful because it brings out the financial benefits, which a hospital is likely to gain by adopting a system since experts can monitor it from a centralized location while dealing with patients who are in the ICU. This research paper is about a proposal of introducing telemedicine to hospitals. It contains annotated bibliography of nine references that relate to this proposal. Breslow, M., et al (2004): Effect of a multiple-site intensive care unit telemedicine program on clinical and economic outcomes: an alternative paradigm for intensivist staffing. Crit Care Med , 32:31–38 [1]. In this journal, the authors examine telemedicine in hospitals by looking at whether a corresponding remote intensive care unit, for care programs adopted by an integrated care delivery network though a commercial telemedicine and ICT (information communication technology), would enhance clinical and economical performance in ICUs. This journal presents an important study on telemedicine. The authors have presented important results that support the benefits of telemedicine in ICUs. The authors have been able to carry out an important study, and have presented vital results to the study of telemedicine implementation in ICUs. In deed, this journal greatly helps in understanding this topic. Dow J. (2011): The picture of Health: With critical-care specialists in short supply, remote monitoring offers a high-tech solution: The Wall Street Journal: This journal cites that monitoring of patients remotely is a mechanism of offering high tech solution to many existing problems in a majority of hospitals. It focuses at caring for the patient whose situation is worsening by having a critical-care specialist unit that undergoes training to be in a position to take care of injuries or illness that threaten life of patients. Research reveals that mortality rates are of 30% to 40% lower in hospitals where internists are in charge to provide required care to prevent complications and reduce errors. From this journal, nurses get information from their doctors to guide them on how to treat their patients in the intensive care unit. This is important because patients get required treatment without their situation worsening. This journal provides important information on remote monitoring, giving an overview of high-tech solution for use of telemedicine. Edward, A. (2011): The continuing need to investigate the nature and content of teleconsultation communication using interaction analysis techniques: Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare: Royal Society of Medicine press Ltd According to this author, video communication has not reached its full potential because there is no systematic collection and analyzing of data about the effect of telemedicine on patient-provider communication. The current research has little information that concern detailed and subtle changes in communication that take place by use of a video. Comprehensive investigations of real medical encounter behavior as well as verbal context researchers need to describe and categorize communication that takes place. Nevertheless, some studies indicate that telemedicine is more patient-centered than convectional medicine. There is a not yet a full understanding of the subtractive and enhancing effects of telemedicine to provide patient relations and outcomes. According to this author, there are no proper ways of video communication and this implies that the information which doctors and nurses via this channel is not reliable to enable them do their work appropriately. From this, while trying to use telemedicine; researchers must come up with a system that will address all these challenges and hence avoid hurting of their patients. From this author, it is clear that as mush there telemedicine in hospitals, it has not been utilized well because of unsystematic way of collecting and analyzing of data about patients in hospitals. The hospital must adapt this system and hence improve on it to better the outcomes that aid them in dealing patient situations more effectively. Glenn, L. (2006): The Moultrie Observer. CRMC marks telemedicine success. Retrieved on 18/09/2011 from: http://moultrieobserver.com/local/x1131433107/CRMC- marks-telemedicine-success According to this author, researchers came up with an article that discuses the changes that telemedicine initiated in town of Georgia. The administration of the hospital accepted to implement telecommunication because it aimed at developing an easy atmosphere for patients to get medical care irrespective of their ability to travel and get to their doctors. This technology delivers health-care by use of phone lines of high speed, specialized medical cameras, advanced encryption technology and computer equipments to enhance physician specialists consult remotely with patients. By use of these facilities, doctors are in a position to listen to lungs and heart of a patient and some doctors claim the instruments they use give better sound than when they in the exam room. This is research is useful because with the use telemedicine, the service delivery to patients in Georgia town greatly improved because high-speed phone lines and medical cameras necessitated their work. To adapt this system in the hospital set up improves service delivery to patients because there is high-speed delivery of information. The patients are able to interact with their doctors and nurses without necessarily meeting them since they simply channel their problem. Landro, L. (2009): Health care (A special report) - the picture of health: With critical- care specialists in short supply, remote monitoring offers a high-tech solution. Wall Street Journal, pp. R.4-R.4: Retrieved from http://login.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/doc view/399131147? Accountid=4485 Tele-health uses electronic information and telecommunication technologies to give support to clinical health care centers, professional health-related education, health administration and patients that are far away. There is the office for the advancement of telehealth that has the sole purpose of promoting the use of telehealth technologies for delivery of health care services, health information services as well as education. This source is useful because it educates patients about the functioning of telemedicine by clearly highlighting the importance of this system. It further states what the hospital administration must do to make this program succeed while treating patients in the ICU. From this argument, it is clear that to make telemedicine system succeed, the public must get relevant information about its operations. Love, P and Whitten, P. (2005): Patient and provider satisfaction with the use of telemedicine: Overview and rationale for cautious enthusiasm: J. Postgrad.Med.51 (4):294-300 These authors explain that telemedicine research addresses satisfaction bound of users in academic literature. Results obtained from patient satisfaction studies show that exceptionally high levels of perceived satisfaction are above the expected rates of satisfaction for traditional forms of health delivery. The results obtained from provider satisfaction studies are positive despite some data from providers indicating that there are concerns about challenges and delivery barriers. Additionally, the construct of satisfaction is in most cases not clear and undefined. The results of the study give some evidence that patient satisfaction do not hinder the development of telemedicine but provider satisfaction has additional advantages to the study. This study indicates that by use of telemedicine system, the delivery of healthcare is higher than traditional forms hence it is vital to adapt and us it in provision of healthcare services. The administration must appreciate the benefits that this system is likely to bring and hence make good use of it in order to satisfy it patients. As mush this method has brought a number of positive outcomes it is not much reliable because in most cases the construction of satisfaction it undefined and unclear. The doctors and nurses must be conscious while dealing with this form of system when handling their patients. Before the hospital fully adapts it, those in the management must consult with relevant experts to deal with challenges and delivery barriers to avoid adverse affects on patients. This research is better as compared to others because it evaluates both merits and demerits of telemedicine. Mair F. and Whitelen P., (2000): Systematic review of studies of patient satisfaction with telemedicine: BMJ; 320 (7248): 1517-20 Mair and Whitelen carried out a research using telemedicine to review into patient satisfaction with telecommunication and it covered mainly clinical consultants between healthcare givers moreover, patients that involve real time interactive video. They were concerned with systematic review of telemedicine satisfaction studies. The researchers searched for databases of medicine, science citation index, social sciences citation index, arts and humanities citation index and ebase. Methodological deficiencies imply that researchers used low sample sizes context and study designs of the published research limit the ability of generalizing findings in the study. This study suggests that teleconsultation must be acceptable to all patients in various circumstances but matters that relate to patient satisfaction need a further exploration from the view of both service providers and their clients because according to the report released, the system is not effective to deliver services to patients. To adapt this system in the hospital set up improves service delivery to patients because it uses real time interactive video while conveying message to patients. The patients are able to interact with their doctors and nurses without necessarily meeting. This implies that this system makes patients to receive services from providers. Macdoff, C., West, B., and Harvey, S. (2010): Nursing Standard, Harrow-on-the-hill. Telemedicine in rural care, Assessing the wider issues: Retrieved on 20/09/2011 from: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=72671446&sid=5&Fmt=3&clientld=44044 &RQT=309&VName=PQD This article reveals findings discussed in relation to nurse-led telemedicine services in Hamlet village in northeast region of Scotland. This village does not have any medical practice or pharmacy, majority of its population is 65 years, and the older have registered with Bradieslea road surgery that is one of the three practices found six miles away. This village has a community nursing service that covers all patients. Patients at Hamlet see nurses who in turn telecommunicate with doctors in Braidieslea. The doctors give recommendations with regard to illness of a patient and patients can get treatment either from nurses or from travel to visit their doctor in Bradieslea. The experience of developing and evaluating a teleconsultation system indicates the opportunity that nurses have to use this form of technology to ensure that their patients benefits. This article reveals how telemedicine has assisted patients in the town of Bradieslea to get treatment from their doctors without physical meeting them. It further indicates how nurses can get directions from doctors from doctors who are at distant place and hence administer treatment to their patients. Michelle G., et al., (2010): Telemedicine and e-Health: 16(04): 472-479. doi: 10. 1089 tmj. 0169 Health information technology is the inclusion of telemedicine as a potential mechanism to improve outcomes of patient care. Researchers carried out a study to evaluate patient outcomes and provider satisfaction that were associated with telemedicine in the administration of prisoner medical care. Providers used a survey that had its argument that focuses on real time encounter of each patient and questionnaires were adapted from standard satisfaction indices. They applied statistical methods such as uni-, bi-, and multivariable involving ordinal regression methods to characterize adjusted and unadjusted factors that relate to telemedicine use, patient outcomes as well as provider satisfaction. This study has a suggestion that telemedicine is an effective and acceptable method of healthcare provision. From the outcome of research, it is evident that telemedicine improves the outcomes of patient care and hence it is vital to adapt it while assessing situations of patients. The information obtained is reliable since it acceptable and effective means in the provision of healthcare services. The hospital administration must consider this system in order to improve service provision to its patients. It is useful in hospitals because it provides results that are reliable and hence enabling nurses and doctors do their work properly. Further because telemedicine does its work by having a practitioner or a nurse use medical audio-visual tools like stethoscope and camera to look at wounds, throats, ears among many injuries on bodies of people. Doctors normally ask for information and interact hence they are in a position to assess the care that the patient needs. Read More