Why Is Foot Ulcer One of the Common Causes of Hospital Admission among Diabetic Patients - Literature review Example

?Evidenced Based Practice Table of Contents Critical Analysis and Evaluation 3 Key Terms Being Used For the Search Study 3 Key Words Highlighted Within the Literature 4 The Online Subject Terms from the Database 5 Truncating Key Terms 5 The Databases and the Other Sources Being Used In Order To Access the Literature 5 Search Strategy, Including the Use of Boolean Operators 6 Discussion 7 References 10 Bibliography 12 Critical Analysis and Evaluation Key Terms Being Used For the Search Study Key terms that had been used in order to obtain the literature article i.e. ’Multicenter Study of the Incidence of and Predictive Risk Factors for Diabetic Neuropathic Foot Ulceration’ by Abbott & et. al. (1998) includes multicentre study, predictive risk factors and diabetic neuropathic foot ulceration. These key terms had been taken into consideration as they frame the basis of the study. Multicentre study essentially represents the research study that is planned and is supported by various cooperating institutions. These institutions have been organised in order to assess variables along with outcomes within a specific patient population. There exist certain advantages and shortcomings pertaining to the multicentre study. In such kind of study, assessing the number of patient’s that would be required to conduct the study becomes quite convenient. This further assists in deriving the key outcomes that are convincing and are accepted at a higher level. In this article, this key term shows certain amount of relevancy. The article circles around the certainty of the risk factors pertaining to ‘Diabetic Neuropathic Foot Ulceration’. This is considered as multicentre study because requirement of patients’ number in the aforementioned case is important to have an in-depth knowledge about the problem. The technologies and instruments among others that have been implemented depict the association of multicentre as the key term with the article. For instance, “at baseline and at every subsequent visit (weeks 13, 26, 39, and 52), a thorough foot examination was performed to determine presence of a first or new ulcer” (Abbott & et. al., 1998). This ensures that the depiction of data reflects the implementation of multicentre study. The next key term can be considered as the predictive risk factors. In case of the predictive risk factors, it refers to the instant predictions that can be made pertaining to the relevant problem. In keeping with the predictive risk factors, it can be affirmed that it might accelerate the patient’s risk pertaining to the development of certain diseases. In this article that deals with foot ulceration in case of diabetic neuropathy, the patients might develop any adverse conditions with regard to the treatment being provided. Predictive risk factor has been focused with greater importance as a search term in order to derive the particular literature/article. It ensures the various risk conditions that might arise under certain treatment measures (Lund Research Ltd, 2013). The entire article related to ‘Diabetic Neuropathic Foot Ulceration’ deals with this particular disease. The objective of the article is to investigate the prognostic factors pertaining to the foot ulceration for the diabetic patients. Thus, these aspects can be taken into consideration as the key factors (Shaw & et. al., 2003). Key Words Highlighted Within the Literature The key words highlighted in the evaluated article are Vibration Perception Threshold (VPT) and Michigan DPN. In accordance with VPT, it is a form of measure that is applied in the peripheral neuropathy related to Type 1 diabetes. This measure has also been applied in this article to get the outcome related to foot ulceration within the diabetic patients (Martin & et. al., 2013). The prevailing tests conducted by the usage of VPT are useful in deriving the results pertaining to foot ulceration. Michigan Diabetic Polyneuropathy (DPN) is another form of measure that is applied in order to derive information about foot ulceration. The two predictors i.e. muscle strength along with the reflexes are regarded as the indications for the first foot ulcer. These medical measures have been applied within the given article to derive the outcomes. The presence of these key words has ensured to derive better understanding about the problems and their implication upon the patients. The Online Subject Terms from the Database The online subject terms being applied for conducting the search are NIDDM, IDDM, VPT, Michigan diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) and foot ulcer. These key terms from the database have assisted in deriving information about the disease of foot ulceration in diabetic patients. Truncating Key Terms In keeping with truncating key terms multi-centre study, predictive risk factors and diabetic neuropathic foot ulceration have been used to derive the appropriate and worthy article. The article provides an in-depth analysis of foot ulcer within the diabetic patients. In order to ascertain the exact figures and adverse rate of the problem, this article is a prudent option as it upholds the quantitative technique as its base for the research. The Databases and the Other Sources Being Used In Order To Access the Literature In order to access the relevant article, Google Scholar has been taken into consideration. Moreover, scholarly journals and multi-centre articles have also framed the basis of this particular research search. Other sources also include relevant medical books and online websites. It can be evidently stated that scholarly journals and articles act as great sources of knowledge. These articles have been written and verified by renowned scholars. Search Strategy, Including the Use of Boolean Operators Boolean search refers to joining words such as ‘and’, ‘or’, ‘without’ that assist in searching the relevant articles required. The advantages of this search have been briefly explained below. It assists in searching the terms that depict the key result of the article given It also ensures alternatives within the given results It facilitates in removing the unwanted terms to derive the best search outcome It also assists in searching a precised phrase It further enables the searcher to search the terms that begin with the same meaning It can be applied after a word is completed (Aide, n.d.) In order to search the given article, this method has been implemented to derive the efficient results. Moreover, the benefits of this particular method have enabled to access a number of valuable sources for analysis along with deriving accurate research study. Discussion The research question for the study reflects “why is foot ulcer one of the common causes of hospital admission among diabetic patients?” In order to fulfil and mitigate this objective relevant articles have been considered for the purpose. The key words and key terms have been implemented to derive the results. Many articles imbedding the similar key words were found. Furthermore, by truncating the key search outcomes, the above article was derived. The derived article precisely deals with the objective of the research study. The article mainly reflects the scenario relevant to foot ulceration in the diabetic patients. This article depicts a multi-centre study and predictive risk factors pertaining to diabetic neuropathic foot ulceration. The methodologies such as VPN and Michigan DPN tests have been implemented to determine effective outcome (Hess, 2004). In order to determine the outcome of the research objective, all the key words were placed in an exact position. The given article being selected indulges quantitative study for the analysis. In general sense, the quantitative research is essentially the numerical representation along with the manipulation of the observation with an objective of describing the phenomenon that is being reflected by the observations pertaining to the given article. Precisely, the actual meaning of the quantitative technique is “social research that employs empirical methods and empirical statements” (Sukamolson, n.d.). There exist certain advantages of the quantitative research study that have been directed below. It provides an appropriate estimate of large populations It facilitates to render the outcomes that can be reflected by a statistical representation It enables to endure comparison between differentiated groups through statistical representation The research study that applies the quantitative technique follows precision and remains standardised (Balnaves & Caputi, 2001) The derived article also incorporates quantitative technique that ensures appropriateness, statistical representation and precision. This article entails relevant outcomes and in-depth analysis of foot ulceration in diabetic patients (UKaid, n.d.). In accordance with the research question, it mainly depicts foot ulcer as the key cause for the admission of the diabetic patients in the hospitals. In order to determine this factor, sampling technique has been implemented in the given article. Probability sampling technique is applied within the study to have a better understanding of the targeted population. By implementing this sampling technique, the viability of the article and its content reached a next level (Nss.gov, n.d.; Barreiro & Albandoz, 2001). In the evaluated article, around 1035 patients have been considered for the randomised control trial (Abbott & et. al., 1998). Moreover, the article being selected also entails survey as the method of data collection. In the derived article, the data has been interpreted by involving tables and charts (Ahmed, 2009). The strength of the article includes its design, the involvement of sampling techniques; ethical consideration and consent from hospitals have been taken into consideration for embedding details in the research study. The entire study has been mitigated within a precise time frame. In terms of drawback of the literature, it can be highlighted that the research question related to the study was not formulated. Moreover, research design was not mentioned. Evidences were appropriate as the examples and the theory being implied in the evaluated article have been apparently approved by the clinicians. References Aide, No Date. Basic Boolean Operators. Description. [Online] Available at: http://aide.eureka.cc/pdf/operateursEkEnCa.pdf [Accessed December 18, 2013]. Abbott, C. A. & et. al., 1998. Multicenter Study of the Incidence of and Predictive Risk Factors for Diabetic Neuropathic Foot Ulceration. Diabetes Care, Vol. 21, No. 7, pp. 1071-1075. Ahmed, S., 2009. Simple Random Sampling Systematic Sampling Lecture 2. The Johns Hopkins University and Saifuddin Ahmed. [Online] Available at: http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/statmethodsforsamplesurveys/PDFs/Lecture2.pdf [Accessed December 18, 2013]. Balnaves, M. & Caputi, P., 2001. Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods: An Investigative Approach. SAGE. Barreiro, P. L. & Albandoz, J. P., 2001. Population and Sample: Sampling Techniques. Management Mathematics for European Schools, pp. 2-12. Hess, R., 2004. Retrospective Studies and Chart Reviews. Respiratory Care, Vol. 49, No. 10, pp. 1171-1174. Lund Research Ltd., 2013. Multiple Regression Analysis using SPSS. Introduction. [Online] Available at: https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials/multiple-regression-using-spss-statistics.php [Accessed December 18, 2013]. Martin, C. L. & et. al., 2013. Vibration Perception Threshold as a Measure of Distal Symmetrical Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes Results from the DCCT/EDIC Study. The American Diabetes Association. Nss.gov., No Date. Probability versus Non-Probability Sampling in Sample Surveys. Research Paper, pp. 1-5. Shaw, L. J. & et. al., 2003. Prognostic Value of Cardiac Risk Factors and Coronary Artery Calcium Screening for All-Cause Mortality. Radiology, Vol. 228, Iss. 3. Sukamolson, S., No Date. Fundamentals of Quantitative Research. Chulalongkorn University, pp. 1-20. UKaid, No Date. Quantitative Research Module. Search for Common Ground, pp. 1-9. Bibliography Goertz, G. & Mahoney, J., 2012. A Tale of Two Cultures: Qualitative and Quantitative Research in the Social Sciences. Princeton University Press. Illes, J. & et. al., 2004. Ethical Consideration of Incidental Findings On Adult Brain MRI In Research. Neurology, Vol. 62, Iss. 6, pp. 888–890. Newman, I., 1998. Qualitative-quantitative Research Methodology: Exploring the Interactive Continuum. SIU Press. Rossi, S. & et. al., 2009. Safety, Ethical Considerations, and Application Guidelines for The Use Of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation In Clinical Practice And Research. Clin Neurophysiol, Vol. 120, Iss. 12, pp. 2008-2039. Singh, K., 2007. Quantitative Social Research Methods. SAGE. Read More