Proper Nutrition for Promoting Wound Healing in Elderly - Literature review Example

? PROPER NUTRITION FOR PROMOTING WOUND HEALING IN ELDERLY By Presented to I. Introduction Wound healing is treatment that engages a complicated sequence of interrelations amid diverse cell types, cytokine mediators, and the extracellular medium. The stages of standard wound treatment entails homeostasis, swelling, reproduction, and adaptation. Every stage of wound healing is distinctive, even though the procedure involved is continuous with every stage overlying the subsequent one. For triumphant wound healing, one needs enough supply of blood and nutrients to the site of harm. The overall health condition of the patient influences the result of healing from the damaged tissue. Older wound care patients call for additional care and constant that addresses the issues that speed up the wound treatment. Several wound care analysts support a holistic means for treating elderly wound patients that regards simultaneous bodily and mental aspects such as dietary position and illness status like diabetes and cancer. The following paper will look into the various methodologies, analyses, gaps, data and theories used and developed by these analyses towards wound haling in the elderly. II. Current Literature According to Timmes, wound healing needs an increase in the energy consumption of the patient because of a rise in metabolic demand. Nutrition plays a major role in the wound healing procedure, as various nutrients have precise functions connected to wound healing. Sufficient nutrition is also needed to sustain healthy skin integrity and elderly patients regularly go through delayed wound healing because of such nutrition deficiencies. Timmes also states that successful management of malnourished patients with wounds relies on precise untimely diagnosis and therapy. Heyman, Van De Looverbosch, Meier and Schols believe that a high-protein ONS supplemented with arginine, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc when utilized with average and pressure ulcer care, particularly decreased the standard pressure ulcer area of permanent nursing home civilians. Major themes assessed by Sherman and Barkly include the importance of nutritional evaluation at the specific nutrients, their roles in wound healing, and the potential of wound therapy among the elderly. Other analysts with a similar viewpoint are Takahashi, Kimele and Jones, who have laid out fundamentals to wound healing through a series of steps. The steps include Step 1: Identify the cause This step involves the enhancement of a well organized would plan by realizing the cause of the wound. Such knowledge provides a base for the healing procedure and prognosis. Step 2: Maintenance of good nutrition The authors of the journal do not sturdily point out the significance of proper nutrition in the sustenance of skin integrity and wound healing. Nevertheless, patients have proven through research results that the end-phase dementia or the fatal disease cannot get enough healing through ample nutrition. Step 3: Manage infection Sufficient wound healing needs a surrounding that is free of any kind of infections all skin the body is colonized, making bacteria and other inflectional organisms susceptible to causing infections to the body through the wound Step 4: Recommendations for wound therapy According to Takahashi, Kimele and Jones, discussions with the nursing staff and other healthcare givers are regularly needed for the establishment of concluding recommendations for wound treatment. On a similar note, Sherman and Barkly believe that various nutrients play major roles in wound healing. They have analyzed each nutrient using the following order and knowledge on wound treatment: Proteins The elderly normally face protein depletion, resulting in the reduction of the rate and quality of wound healing. Therefore, proteins are needed for healing since they are part of a seditious procedure, and in immune receptiveness, the development of granulation tissue become simpler and rapid. Carbohydrates As part of the healing procedure, the human body goes into a hypermetabolic phase that involves the amplification of the demand for carbohydrates. Therefore, carbohydrates become important for increased cellular activity at the wound region through addition of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), obtained from glucose. This feature in carbohydrates boost the production of energy required for the inflammatory procedure cellular activity. Fats Fats assist in cell membrane structure and function. Thus, they are necessary for the synthesis of adequate amounts that are supposed to be provided from the diet consumed by the patient. According to Sherman and Barkly, the significance of god nutrition in the treatment of wounds and the promotion of fitness is broadly acknowledged. Nevertheless, it has received minimal precedence in healthcare and inadequate numbers of patients who get nutritional evaluation. Practitioners require more knowledgeable concerning the function of nourishment in the promotion of wound curing. III. Gaps in the literature According to Takahashi P.Y., Kimele L.J., Jones, certain strategies have been applied while catering to wounds inflicted on old patients. Nevertheless, some approaches have proved inefficient and lack positive results, ending in the suspension of the approaches for further research. A good example is debridement of fibrin and Escher. The debridement of fibrin and Escher involves debridement-scalpel, frequently getting rid of most fibrin and Escher, and paving way for the development of granulation tissue. Despites decades’ worth of research and implementation, debridement has only been utilized in unsystematic trials. The results obtained from such researches have created a gap in the knowledge concerning the significance of debridement of fibrin and Escher in wound healing. Wissing, Ek and Unosson are other wound healing researchers who have portrayed gaps in their analyses. The wound healing specialists have used MNA scores together with reduced average scores in ADL and mobility observed in patients with open ulcers, and was not able to heal. Old patients with cured ulcers mainly recorded improved average scores in societal interrelations than those with open ulcers. This considerably increased mean scores in ecological quality with time. Nevertheless, the outcomes depicted that nutrition and the life-situation may perhaps be linked to leg ulcer curing in the elderly. This outcome proved the MNA and ADL scores ineffective. IV. Research Perspective According to Heyman, Van De Looverbosch, Meier and Schols, the objective of the research depicted in their article was to examine the effects of an oral nutritional supplement ONS. The research also included normal care on the treatment of pressure ulcers in lasting nursing home civilians as well as normal healthcare. The ONS, Cubitan, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, was high in energy and protein and enriched with arginine, vitamin C and zinc. The writers of the article believe that a research on actual elderly patients can give optimal results on wound healing. A sum of 245 patients suffering from grade II to IV pressure ulcers were signed up for the open study at 61 lasting term healthcare institutions. The facilities used depicted the nursing home populace Luxembourg and Belgium. The perspective of the investigation involved the use of approaches that involved the administering of ONS everyday, for sixty-three days. A normal diet or enteral nutritional plan was used under normal pressure ulcer care. The objective trying to be realized through the evaluation of the pressure ulcer area, its decrement or increment in reaction o the ONS. Wound healing has been differently perceived by various wound healing analysts. For instance, Omote, Sugama, Sanada, Konya, Okuwa and Kitagawa believe that the description of pressure ulcers following a change in nutrition regimen of seven bedridden elderly patients. V. Methodologies used Takahashi, Kimele and Jones used various methods to determine the steps required for efficient wound healing amongst old patients. Healthcare providers and facilities are inspected in spite of the inevitable growth of pressure ulcers in weak old patients. Authoritarian bureaus observe wound practice as a technique of assessing quality of care. Wound healing was applied through ascribed underlying analyses of the illnesses that cause wounds in the elderly. Proper control of wounds were discovered and implemented in the investigation. The techniques included the relevance of outside solidity with wraps that could noticeably decrease inflammation in lower edges. The primary methods used include the single-layer compression with stretch and non-stretch wraps, and a multilayer method that comprised of one layer placed n top of another layer. Multilayer methods proved better than single-layers for wound healing. VI. Methods of data collection The healing procedure of pressure ulcers is defined by Omote, Sugama, Sanada, Konya, Okuwa and Kitagawa following an adjustment in the nourishment treatment of seven elderly patients confined to bed. The procedure was observed for twenty-eight days in a lasting healthcare facility that controlled other aspects of healthcare such as nutrition and ulcer healing. Adjustments in the nutrition program comprised of augmented consumption of calories, supplements and tube noshing. The healing procedure was qualitatively measured employing wound drafts and quantitatively deploying wound surface area and DESIGN score. The results of this investigation depicted the differences healing procedure before and following the nutrition schedule adjustments. Most notable was the early granulation tissue growing at the wound end following fourteen days of the adjustments made in the nutrition plan. VII. Analysis and prevention According to Takahashi, Kimele and Jones, pressure ulcers grow the moment skin pressure exceeds the pressure that occludes blood vessel flow. Straight, frictional or cutting forces are able to induce pressure on such wounds, prolonged stress hinders blood circulation, and nymph, ending in a shortage of tissue nutrition as waste substances accumulates with tissue ischemia. Compensatory methodologies used in the investigation by Cereda, Gini, Pedrolli and Vanotti are ale to reinstate tissue nourishment and circulation should pressure decrease rapidly. VIII. Conclusion Triumphant wound healing calls for enough supply of blood and nutrients to the site of harm. The overall health condition of the patient influences the result of healing from the damaged tissue. Older wound care patients call for additional care and constant that addresses the issues that speed up the wound treatment. Several wound care analysts support a holistic means for treating elderly wound patients that regards simultaneous bodily and mental aspects such as dietary position and illness status like diabetes and cancer. Nutrition plays a major role in the wound healing procedure, as various nutrients have precise functions connected to wound healing. Sufficient nutrition is also needed to sustain healthy skin integrity and elderly patients regularly go through delayed wound healing because of such nutrition deficiencies. A normal diet or enteral nutritional plan was used under normal pressure ulcer care. The objective trying to be realized through the evaluation of the pressure ulcer area, its decrement or increment in reaction o the ONS. Wound healing has been differently perceived by various wound healing analysts. References Zulkowski K. & Abrecht D. (2003) How nutrition and aging affect wound healing. Nursing 33(8),70-71.  Bendbow M. (2010) Aging & wound healing. Juornal of Community Nursing 24(5), 36-42.  Timmes L. (2011) Effect of nutrition on wound healing in older people: A case study. British Journal of Nursing 20,S4-S10.  Omote S., Sugama J., Sanada H., Konya C., Okuwa M. & Kitagawa A. 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(2001) A follow of study of ulcer healing, nutrition, and life-situation in elderly patients with leg ulcers. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 5(1) 37-42.  Cereda E., Gini A., Pedrolli C. & Vanotti A. (2009) Disease-specific, versus standard, nutrition and support for the treatment of pressure ulcers in institutionalized older addults: A Randomized Controlled Tial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 57(8), 1395-1402.  Read More