Haydn and Mozart Music Analysis - Essay Example

?A ical Concert It was a beautiful fall afternoon, October 30th as the Knoxville Symphony Orchestra was set to perform the Chamber ics fromHaydn and Mozart at the Bijou Theatre in Knoxville, TN. Ildar Khuziakhmetov was the cello soloist. He is from Uzbekistan . He performed Haydn's Cello Concerto N°2 in D. Lucas Richman is the in house conductor and music director. He is also a world renounced composer. The orchestra was ready to begin at 2:30pm. The concert played for about 65 minutes without counting the intermission. The choice of music was excellent because it illustrated three types of music genre or form of the Classical era: the Concerto/Sonata, the Symphony and the Overture of a vocal piece. These three forms started in the Baroque as smaller instrumental compositions and still exist today. The forms are concrete. The chamber orchestras are defined. The instruments, which were standardized, were used for for proper orchestration. A perfect example today is the use of the piano in the continuation of Haydn's Il ri In the Classical era, as the chamber orchestra took on a different meaning, strings and wind instruments were considered an ensemble and forms of music were more defined. Wind instruments (oboes and brass) were combined with strings. Strings were defined as violins, violas, cellos, and bass. It is interesting that the Basso was still part of Haydn's repertoire though it was not used by other composers. The bass continuo (harpsichord) was still used by Mozart but less and less. As the chamber orchestra and musical ensembles were well defined, musical form became clearer. The sonata form of three movements differ from the baroque period where it was a group of diverse movements of music (Grout 385) The Sifonio is a short prelude to a vocal piece of music. It was commonly interchanged with overture. The classic era of music lasted over a period of 70 years. Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven were the principal composers. Haydn spending the majority of his life under the patronage of one court, worked as the court composer, conductor, teacher, player and made sure the instruments were in playing condition. Since he was rather isolated, he nothing much to do but to compose music. Mozart started his early adult life under the patronage system and was treated as a servant. When finally got his freedom he was forced into poverty because he could not get any other court work. Beethoven was one composer who made so much money that he was able to tell everyone to go to the devil. He abhorred being told what to do. The classical era was a period of perfecting instruments, forms of music and making instrument music the most important form of music. The sonata and the sonata form of musical of writing as in the Concerto of Haydn and the Prague Symphony of Mozart were both written in three movements. Beethoven wrote his symphonies with 4 movements towards the end of the 70 years; (1750-1830) (library.thinkquest.org) The most significant form of writing in the Classical Era was the sonata with the three movements. It was a story with a question, an explanation and the answer. Haydn never lived the life of other composers. Whereas Mozart was a child prodigy and had the constant teaching from his father, Haydn was basically self taught and was forced to make a living giving lessons. He was born in 1732 and moved to a church choir until his voice changed. In 1761, he become under the patronage of his first and only patron, the Prince Esterhazy in the Hungarian Empire. It is significant because Haydn stayed in his service 30 years which was unheard of. "He was inspired by the isolation of the estate as all he had was his music" (Grout, 484). He was one of the most prolific composers of the classical period. His type of instrumentation had never been done before. The Prince played the baryton, a type of string instrument which doesn't exist today. More than 200 pieces were composed for this instrument in trio form. Mozart spent most of his childhood traveling all over Europe. He would spend up to three years at a time going to the different courts. Haydn only traveled to London and Paris after 1791. Mozart was born in 1756. He studied with Haydn in 1773 and immediately founded a friendship. Haydn said he was one of the world's best composers. Haydn was predominately an instrumental composer. His concerto No 2 in D major was only contributed to him finally in 1951 (web). He had written it 20 years after having composed the first concerto for Cello and orchestra. It is completely opposite in style. In 1790, the Prince died and Haydn's contract terminated. The prince's brother released Haydn of his contract. He spent some time in London and Paris before his death in 1795. Mozart had a few patrons and died a pauper. He did have one patron, the Archbishop von Schrattenbach. The court system prevented him from getting any other court employment from his early adulthood. He thought that by asking his dismissal he would be able to be employed. The politics of the time were that Mozart was not to be employed. (wamozart) I enjoyed the music. I found that the combination of first a sifonia of each composer than a complete piece of each composer chose the range of composition. Contrary to Mozart, Haydn composed short operas, and short singspieles otherwise his vocal music was religious in nature. He was primarily an instrumental composer. The Classical Era lasted 70 years. Opera was primary Italian. Mozart wrote his operas in Italian and German. I felt that that there was more of a buildup in this overture. It was interesting studying the story. He had been deeply touched that he was not able to marry Weber's first daughter. He was hurt when his mother died. He liked playing jokes. Cosi Fan Tutte secondary title, La Scuola degli amanti or the school of lovers shows his attitude towards women. He ended up marrying Weber's second daughter but he was not faithful. The opera is an opera buffa which should have meant a light story line. He mixed the serious with the mundane. Mozart did not like that women were jealous nor that they took advantage of men sexually. This is portrayed in the opening of his opera with the exchange of the strings and the wind instruments. The opera contains one overture and 2 acts. The Concert Program with my personal notes Haydn Concerto in D Major for Cello and Orchestra, Hob. VIIb:2  Hob represents the person who took the time to catalogue Haydn's music. It is not in chronological order. He listed Haydn's music accordingly to the type of music. He put all the concerti together, for example. Most catalogues are organized chronologically. I. Allegro moderato Central theme is established and repeated by the strings. ABAB There is a second theme which is interwoven while the cello plays the first theme. The first movement almost represents 2 movements. II. Adagio The cello starts in a dreamy melody III. Allegro is in Rondo form. It is dance like and finishes up the concerto. It is in ABA or orchestra, solo cello, and orchestra. The two themes have been so developed that he used his "sonata rondo form" Intermission  Haydn's Overture to il ritorno di Tobia ("The Return of Tobias"), Hob. XXI:1. He wrote religious subject. The return of Tobias is from the Old Testament. His overture in Return of Tobias 1775 is in Sinfonia form. It is beautiful and peaceful. I am looking for a complete recording of the whole piece. These piece had not been commissioned by his patron. His patron had exceptionally allowed him to write for someone else. Mozart Symphony No. 38 in D major, K. 504("prague") It is one of his later symphonies. I.Adagio-Allegro - Slow introduction to a faster melody II. Andante - peaceful III. Presto - speedy Sonata form Mozart sojourned in Prague in 1787….. He was well liked by the Bohemians and couldn't understand why the Austrians treated him so badly. In his life, he only composed 41 symphonies whereas Haydn composed at least 100 symphonies. I never forget that Haydn had a set job. He never had to go on tour. Mozart starts with the classical form of the three movement but there is a definite transition towards the development to the 4 movement symphony. You can also see his use of Haydn's technique of using the Adagio introduction as Haydn did in his symphonies. He starts slow and builds up to a faster rhythm. A Mozart symphony that starts with a adagio is copying Haydn's technique. It is also longer than usual for the classical period. It is theatrical, full of drama as though it was an overture to an opera. It compensates for not having a "minuet". The Germans often call the symphony "ohne Menuett"(Symphony N°38 in D major, K. 504, "Prague") Consi fan tutte The orchestra consisted of pairs of flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, horns and trumpets; plus timpani and strings Duration 5 minutes Concerto in D major cello and orchestra, hob. vIIb:2 Instruments in addition to the cello solo, 2 obeos, bassoon, 2 horns and strings Duration 25 minutes Overture to il ritorno di tobia is also called Sifonia. In the 18th century sifonia, and overture is often interchangeable. Instruments pairs of oboes, bassoons, horns and trumpets; plus timpani, and strings Duration 7 minutes Symphony No 38 in D Major, K. 504 Instrumentation: pair of flutes, oboes, bassoons, horns and trumpets; plus timpani and strings Duration 26 minutes Ildar Khuziakhmetov, born in Almalyk, Uzbekistan began studying cello at the age of seven at the V.A. Uspensky Music School. After he graduated in 1990, he entered the St. Petersburg State Conservatory in Russia, where he earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees. He became Principal Cellist of St. Petersburg “Mozarteum” Chamber Orchestra, Rimsky-Korsakov State Opera and Ballet theater Orchestra from 1993-1998. At this time, Khuziakhmetov moved to the United States and settled in Pittsburgh, PA. He toured extensively playing numerous solo recitals as a member of Amadeus String Quartet. In 2000, he moved to Knoxville and joined the Knoxville Symphony Orchestra. Imagine the joy of listening to a representation of one period of music with four different types of music: symphonic, religious, chamber, operatic. The concert was wonderful. It will not be my last concert. . Works Cited Grout, Donald Grey, & Claude V Palisca. A History of Western Music. New York: Yale University, 2001 Print The Wolfang AMadeus Mozart Educational Fanpage. Web. 16 November 2011. (please put the program notes and maybe their cite. 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