Neorealism and Complexity Theory and Their Different Notions of the Term System - Essay Example

The complexity theory believes that complex systems are a combination of several independent elements that behave like a single unit sharing specific traits. According to the complexity theory, studies (Waldrop 1992) indicate that the way systems are organized is not a coincidence. It is a result of laws of nature that are not fully understood but allow systems to organize themselves and freely bring about the order (Waldrop 1992). It perceives a system as being able to demonstrate properties and patterned behaviors that are not found in any of the individual elements that make it up (Battram 2002).

According to neorealism, anarchy and distribution of capabilities are the ordering principles that define the international structure (Mearsheimer 2001). They are quantified by the number of great powers in the international system. In the international system, the anarchic ordering principle is decentralized and composed of sovereign states which will not subordinate their interests for the sake of others (Waltz 1979).  In conclusion, the complexity theory views a system as one that numerous independent agents interact with each other in multiple and infinite ways.

Conversely, neorealism views a system from the angle of structural constraints rather than the motivations and strategies of its agents.