Literature Review- Youth Sports and Binlingual/Spanish-SPeaking Athletes - Essay Example

Literature Review if Applicable) and Number or Project 12 December 2005 Literature Review: Youth Sports and Binlingual/Spanish-Speaking Athletes The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, which is described in fulldetail at www.teenpregnancy.org, states that “to prevent Teen Pregnancy is to reduce the rate of teen pregnancy by one-third between 1996 and 2005”. (The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy). According to the articles found at this website, the teen pregnancy situation in the United States is quite devastating: The United States has the highest rates of teen pregnancy and births in the western industrialized world.

Teen pregnancy costs the United States at least $7 billion annually. (quoted in www.teenpregnancy.org. Washington, D.C: Author 1997). Thirty-four percent of young women become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of 202 -- about 820,000 a year.3 Eight in ten of these pregnancies are unintended4 and 81 percent are to unmarried teens. (quoted in www.teenpregnancy.org. Washington, D.C: Author 2004). Longman (1998) states that Jeremy Harmer “(proposes) a different three stage model, the ESA model: Engage, Study, Activate.

(quoted in Longman 1998). The instructor should use the three stages of engage, study, and activate in order to teach a second language. Wolff (2000) teaches how to help kids choose the best sport suitable for Literature Review 2them, handle parents who are not cooperative, talk to children effectively, evaluate their performance, etc. Gale (2005) states in The Encyclopedia of Children’s Health that “sports help children develop physical skills, get exercise, make friends, have fun, learn to play as a member of a team, learn to play fair, and improve self-esteem”.

Gale uses Joel Fish’s book titled, 101 Ways to Be a Terrific Sports Parent: Making Athletics a Positive Experience for Your Child as a resource. Fish discusses a child’s physical activity level beginning with infancy through school age. He states that “sports also offer an enjoyable, exciting environment in which to learn how to handle both failure and success”. Bigelow (2001) in his book, Just Let the Kids Play: How to Stop Other Adults from Ruining Your Child’s Fun and Success in Youth Sport, points the finger at youth sports youth programs in not helping to meet children’s physical and emotional needs.

He reports that the programs need to be revamped in order to serve children better. In his book, Human Rights in Youth Sport: A Critical Review of Childrens Rights in Competitive Sports, Paulo (2005) delivers real issues with youth sports and claims that they consider the value of the rights and culture of children of different nationalities. He states that parents, coaches, the government, and other authorities must be held accountable. Silby, C. and Shelly Smith (2000) state in their book, Games Girls Play: Understanding and Guiding Young Female AthletesLiterature Review 3Works Cited Bigelow, Bob et al.

Just Let the Kids Play: How to Stop Other Adults from Ruining Your Child’s Fun and Success in Youth Sport. Health Communications, 2001. Fish, Joel. 101 Ways to Be a Terrific Sports Parent: Making Athletics a Positive Experience for Your Child. New York: Fireside, 2003. Longman Exams. (1998). What is Engage, Study, Motivate? Author. 12 Dec. 2005. . National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. (1997). Whatever Happened to Childhood?

The Problem of Teen Pregnancy in the United States. Washington, DC: Author. 12 Dec. 2005. . National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. (2004). Factsheet: How is the 34% statistic calculated? Washington, DC: Author. 12 Dec. 2005. . Literature Review 4 Paulo, David. Human Rights in Youth Sport: A Critical Review of Childrens Rights in Competitive Sports. London: Routledge. 2005. Silby, Caroline and Shelly Smith.

Games Girls Play: Understanding and Guiding Young Female Athletes. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press. 2004. Thomas, Gale. Sports: Definition. The Encyclopedia of Children’s Health. 2005. Thomas Corporation. 12 Dec. 2005. . Wolff, Rick. Coaching Kids for Dummies. Mar. 2000. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2000.