Chronicle of World Wars - Assignment Example

Qs Causes of first world war and its origin in Europe. Reasons and the objectives of the united to enter into thewar. In June 28 1919 Austro-Hungarian Archduck Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist. By this time German and Italy were allies of Austro-Hungarian while British and France were allies of Russia. The alliances made the two groups to go into war due for the reason that one of their people was killed. One Group fighting for the killing whiles the other one defending themselves. Another reason is that, Europe wanted to conquer the world and spread their colony and schools. The citizens were so nationalistic that they were volunteering to go into war in masses fearing that it would end before they participate. Only very few men did not engage in war and they were left with women who were holding feathers for them. Industrialization saw creation of weapons tanks, airplanes and submarines in German and British. They wanted to move these supplies during the war but since Europe had a functioning army this triggered the war very easily. By 1890 U.S did not have a navy and Captain Alfred told his people that in order to be economically strong they needed a navy in place. This is when the white navy ships were created. One more thing that German needed was explosives. The plan was to get them from Chile but this was made impossible when British blocked the sea. Consequently German threatened U.S submarine and this was enough invitation of America into war. So many American men in their thousands joined British in the war to help them fight back. Qs 2. Describe the Second World War causes and origin in both pacific and European theaters. How did it derive from the Great depression? The Second World War was between German/Italy/Japan versus U.S/British/soviet union. The war started in East Asia and Wilson had an idea that if all the countries joined in the war would end. Contrary to this, British continued expanding further. The military in Japan had grown strong but the Chinese were a threat and so in 1931 Japan seized Manchuria and abandoned the war. On seeing this German and Italy launched a full scale war on China in 1937. This meant that Asia was on war. British and U.S were stronger than Japan and they also had very strong immigration policy and when they attacked Japan she was defeated. On seeing this Japan moved to western where they attacked Indonesia and Burma. In 1991 Japan attacked U.S at Pearl Harbor and on retaliation U.S launched two atomic bombs that ended the war in 1995. If the First World War was by mistake, world war two was deliberate by Germans and Hitler. After the world war I Germany had lost their place in the world arena and felt that it was treated unfair in the Versailles agreement. Hitler emphasized on a march to get land by force in East, Poland and Asia. In 1935 a force was put together and attacked Rhine land which was protected by the Versailles treaty. In 1939 German annexed Austria. British and France thought it was okay since it served as a reward for the effort undertaken to stop the war. However, this was short lived when Germany attacked Poland and this time they had a tactic of moving faster to conquer land. Italy helped Germany to attack Europe. In 1992 the super power joined Soviet in the war and the following three years saw Germany defeated in 1995 and they retaliated back to the heart of Germany. The great depression also sparked the war. After the First World War, the stock market was on its knees but since the U.S had not been affected by the war their economy started blooming. The unemployment and poverty in Germany and Japan saw their people employed in U.S under dictatorship. The U.S also called in their loans from German and the latter refused to pay repatriates fees on the basis of injustices committed to them. This sparked the second war II. Qs 3.What unites the two world wars into a single world historical event? The great depression and the application of new technology in the war may be thought by many as the connector between the two wars. The bigger picture that many people ignore is that the end of European world and the rise of the U.S as a superpower. The European world was famous for their standing armies and advanced military they went for each other and at the same time they wanted to dominate the world. The U.s started coming up as a superpower and since it had not suffered in the war before they were able to conquer the Europeans and taking 50% of world trading in it. The U.S technology of atomic bombs was unmatched by the Europe. Later on, U.S came up with a Marshall plan of funding Europe where they gave them 12 billion for putting together their states. Europe was very eager for this cooperation which without their knowledge was lowering the member territory of the European community. In 1951 French, Germany, Belgium and Netherlands formed the first cooperative of steel community and in 2002 Euro was introduced after having renamed the cooperative as European Union. Qs 4.Describe the soviet-America cold war beginnings from 1945 to 1950.Discuss events that occurred on the ground from Soviet-occupied Europe to Greece, Turkey and Iran. After the First World War people were so much opposed to it and women went to the streets to protest against hundreds of thousands of men who had died.In1917 the romanous war in Russia ended when Nicholas lost power. The Russian professional government came under stress from revolutionary masses. A charismatic leader called Lenin from the Bolsharis took power overnight and started fighting British, French and tsar officials and their landlords .Finally in 1921 they won the war and stood as communist party. When Marshall Plan was made by Europe to Western Europe, Stalin had already made his regime with east Germany, Checkslovakia, Romania and Bulgaria. In Hungary and Poland the pressure led to restoration of land but in Yugoslavia Joset Broz rejected this and said that a man should be a master in his own home. The soviet embossed communism in Poland and Checkslovakia. They managed to threaten Finland that she had to help them and give them passage to the sea. Soviet occupied Germany but they were not able to spread further due to the Berlin wall as British and America applied air lift tactics. In 1996 Hungarian nationals under the influence of China moved against the Soviet. In 1999 U.S was threatened by the USSR because they had nuclear bombs. Soviet was able to convince Turkey not to fight them and rather grant their ships passage through the black sea. In 1998 Czechoslovakia communist took over in coup and dominated for four decades and their opposition to the U.S Marshall plan resulted to the its disappearance. There was a lot of misunderstanding between countries. The Soviet wanted communist while U.S favored democracy. Countries lacked trust with each other and they fought amongst themselves. In Yugoslavia Ferdinand fought soviet and defeated them but Chile convinced them to fight back. In Germany a wall was made by U.S and enabled them to use air lifts to fight back.NATO was organized to fuel the war and every state was to fight. There was no going back. In Asia a war between communist and nationalist resulted to communists winning in 1999 and this brought China together under one government. Question 5: What were the ideological differences between the Soviets and Americans? How far back were the differences and was it difficult to reconcile the differences and co-exist? The principle of America was democratic rule and that was their tradition. Any country that resisted this either was to face the wrath of America regardless of who they were. These ideologies were very different from what Soviet communist beliefs. The resistant that the Americans faced is what brought about the differences. According to the Americans they were only adhering to what their traditions demanded. The democratic ideologies of America favored free and fair elections and believed in ownership of property by individuals. The Soviet beliefs were opposite as they believed that the world would be a better place if the government controlled the press as well as elections and owned businesses. These differences clearly show the starting point of their collisions. Differences between America and soviet trace back to Hitler times. The cold war was not the starting point but rather it widened the gap between the two rivals. The effort made by Britain and U.S in fighting Germany during dictatorship rule had taken so many years and they did not wish to go through the same experience. Soviets were after a similar mission in Russia where President Stalin was on the defense. Though the two seem to be on a similar mission, the major issue was that Stalin was so protective and this resulted to the policy makers in Soviet taking it upon themselves and their tactics angered other nations like U.S. President Stalin came up with ideologies that promoted communist which was against the will of the people in Poland and Britain and U.S became furious. The differences were so huge that no country would embrace those of the other.U.S was for free and democratic country while Soviet believe in a country where the government would control of the activities of the people. Soviet was so cautious not to give a chance of rebels coming up and taking them into war again. Question 6: End of Soviet America cold war. The effects of a bureaucratic system in Soviet started taking toll in 1970s and early 1980s.The country witnessed increased cost of arms and a failure in Afghanistan war. In 1985 a new leader came to power and he sought to restore the situation in Soviet and bring to an end the cold war. Therefore he initiated agreements with the U.S considering concessions in the race of armament. Another achievement of the leader was to end the support of Soviet in Cuba and Eastern Europe. The leader revolved the bureaucratic system and introduced a democratic process.    It is through these attempts that the relationship between Soviet and the U.S improved and brought to an end the cold war. Some of the demerits that Gorbachev witnessed was break up of Soviet into 16 parts nationally. These events took place in 1991 and bore nationalism which is a potent force in the current world. Question 7: How and when did the Cold war spread into Asia, Africa and near East, hence becoming the global cold war? How did it end and what legacies connect it to today’s world affairs and issues? Cold war did not end with the two countries but it spread to other areas like Africa, near East and Asia. The spread was caused by civil war which erupted between countries that supported communism and those that were against it. The war saw China winning and it ended up controlling a number of countries in Asia. China faced a lot of constrains in its relationship with countries that were against communism. These included U.S. Nevertheless, China was able to spread communism to Cambodia, and North Korea. In the long run communism spread to other continents like Africa. A perfect example is when Republic of Congo became a communist when they attained their independence in 1960. Countries that were not under the influence of European civilizations automatically became communists these included Somalia and Ethiopia. Revolution in Cuba resulted to a communist country. This was under the leadership of Fidel Castro. When the Soviet economy failed and nationalism rose, communism collapsed not only in Europe but also in different countries that embraced it. Question 8: How and why the global cold war came to Latin America? What propelled it and did the U.S respond? How, when and why did the conflict end there? Latin America was a battle field for two different ideologies. The capitalist and communist ideologies. Communist states moved to Latin America because of what they saw in the backyard. There were also political and economical reasons why communists moved to Latin America. In a bid to secure its country from the communist countries, U.S signed the Rio Pact treaty which warned countries of taking colonies of countries which had left. Fidel Castro win in Cuba served as a lesson to the U.S on how they would implement their policies in Latin America. The act of Fidel Signing pacts with Moscow disadvantaged the United States as it saw alienation of American companies in Latin America. Cold war in Latin America ended with when revolution in Cuba ended. When the two superpowers Moscow and United states fought they left Latin America Economically and politically alienated and none of the two considered it valuable. The superpowers left the backyard to rebuild itself with very little help. Question 9: How did the adoption and ratification of organizations that opposed the crime of genocide work in practice for countries such as Rwanda, Somalia and Yugoslavia in the 1990s? Did it work or not? The emergence of “United Nations Conventions for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide” was necessitated by mass violence that broke in countries like Rwanda, Somalia and many others. Ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia and the genocide in Rwanda so bad that the treaties formed during cold war were not addressing the situation comprehensively. There was no going back and the dire situation required no other negotiations but dictated emergence of these ratifications. The ratifications worked in Yugoslavia as they stopped the genocide. However, they left the country divided into six portions which were all peaceful. Nevertheless they were able to move on. Genocide in Rwanda is a thing of the past and the people with the country trying to rebuild its economy. However, the genocide left so much agony among the people especially the older generation that was present then. The communities in Rwanda have established kangaroo courts that deal with those that were involved. This has worked well as the people govern themselves. Today Rwanda is one of the growing economies with its city Kigali being one of the cleanest cities in Eastern Africa. It has become a tourist attraction site including people from its region benchmarking with them. In Somalia not much has been achieved as compared to Rwanda and Yugoslavia. However they have an interim government which is still struggling with mass killings from terrorists. Some parts of Somalia like Somali land have found some peace and people are going about their business. The neighboring countries and especially Kenya are in an effort to help Somalia reclaim their land from the terrorists. Some of the efforts put by the Kenyan government is to send their military to recover areas that were earlier overtaken by the terrorist like Kismayo. However this has not come without a challenge as it has seen the Kenyan people being attacked by the terrorist groups. The reason given by the terrorist group is that they want the Kenyan troops to go back to their land a route the Kenyan government has not considered to take. Work cited Burdekin, Richard D. K., and Pierre L. Siklos, eds. Deflation: Current and Historical Perspectives. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press 2004. Read More