Ingredients Needed in Preparation of Paracetamol - Essay Example

This paper "Ingredients Needed in Preparation of Paracetamol" is a great example of a paper on drug development. Paracetamol, also known as Acetaminophen is commonly used to control post-operation pain both as an analgesic and as an antipyretic. The drug is also handy in fever and joint pain management. It is administrable as either tablet, suspension, suppository, or injection (Kambia, 2006). The application of paracetamol may require a combination of other analgesics to produce quick effects. However, there are no ready-made drugs to be used in combination with paracetamol; as a result, the different drugs may be used independently to produce combined effects (Troy, 2005). Ingredients are necessary for making paracetamol can be easily purchased and a well-defined procedure used to make the drug. The drug has a high tendency to cracking and high compressibility in solid-state. Ingredients

Paracetamol 10mg/ml

Ketoprofen 100mg

Ceftazidime

1-chloro 2,4-denitrobenzine

Acetonitrile-aqueous

Pure water

Pure orthophosphoric acid solution

 

Materials/Tools

Materials

Quantity

Variable volume injector

1

Photodiode array UV detector

1

pH meter

1

5µm Hypersil ODS C18

1

Chromatography (HPLC) assay

1

Thinjet terminal printer

1

0.45µm filter

1

Computer

1

 

Physical forms of paracetamol.

Paracetamol exists in two polymorphic forms, i.e. form I and II. The forms are differentiated by the configuration of hydrogen bonds. Form I is chemically referred to as monoclinic and has the configuration C8H9NO2 while Form II, orthorhombic (Wilkes & Barton, 2012). The transition from monoclinic to orthorhombic is dependent on the temperature and diminuendos of the methyl group forming part of the compound.

The compressibility of the two compounds relies on OHO and NHO hydrogen bonds and crystal arrangement. Bonding between elements making up paracetamol is covalent in nature with series of NHO, OHO, CHO, and CHH in the crystal structure. The nitrogen-hydroxyl bond gets disordered with rising temperatures and at 100K, a staggered conformation with respect to CO and NHH is observable. At 5K, the methyl group gets staggered with respect to the NH group coupled with the strengthening of the C-HO bond and shortening of OHO and NHO bonds. The nature of crystals in both cases does not encourage C-OH bonding in methyl groups and the hydrogen bonds stabilize both monoclinic and orthorhombic forms, however, form I is more stable than form II due to the nature of its molecular packing.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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