Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes - Essay Example

"Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes" is an outstanding example of a paper on diabetes mellitus.
Type 2 diabetes is caused by the inadequate production of insulin hormone in the body or lack of response to the insulin by the body. Glucose is important energy needed by the body and it can be metabolized by the body with the help of insulin. Insulin is produced by the pancreas and any discrepancy in insulin production result in diabetes. If the sugar in the blood is not absorbed with the help of insulin then the blood sugar increases resulting in diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, the body either produced less insulin to meet the need of the body or there is insulin resistance. This happens when the cells of the body like the muscle, liver, and fat cells fail to respond to insulin.

According to ( Kaku,2010, pg.41-46) “Type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of genetic factors related to impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance and environmental factors such as obesity, overeating, lack of exercise, and stress, as well as aging” It is a disease involving the environment and multi-gene problem. Type 2 diabetes development is closely related to a family history of diabetes. The genetic abnormality in the molecule related to the regulatory system of glucose metabolism relates to this problem. The genetic abnormalities in pancreatic β cells and molecular functions result in this disease. The mutation in the gene is what results in insulin metabolism abnormalities. Aging, obesity, insufficient energy consumption alcohol, smoking all can develop these diseases. The impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance more or less jointly contribute to the development of path physiological conditions. In insulin resistance, the insulin in the body does not exert sufficient action in proportion to the blood concentration.

The liver and muscles are the major organs targeted in type 2 diabetes and this is the pathos physiology typical with this disease. The insulin resistance develops and expands prior to the onset of the disease. Many factors affect the insulin metabolism in the body like insulin receptors, insulin receptor substrate, and gene polymorphism. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and impairment in the secretion of insulin. It is alarmingly high in people who are obese and lead a sedentary lifestyle.

It is not easy to identify the exact cause of type 2 diabetes in patients as it involves genetic factors or environmental influences. Type 2 diabetes is often accompanied by other conditions like cholesterol increase and cardiovascular risks.  As per (McCulloch,2014 ) “Type 2 diabetes is often accompanied by other conditions, including hypertension, high serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations, and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations that, like type 2 diabetes, increase cardiovascular risk”. All these clinical conditions signify this disease as a metabolic syndrome. Increased free fatty acids levels, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative factors all can implicate in the pathogenesis of this disease. Insulin is a potent antilipolytic hormone and the plasma level in it plays an important role in the maintenance of normal glucose homeostatic. Type 2 diabetes can be controlled by medication, diet control, and proper exercises.