Symptoms of Diabetes Type 2 or Polyurea - Essay Example

"Symptoms of Diabetes Type 2 or Polyurea" is a perfect example of a paper on Diabetes Mellitus. 
Diabetes mellitus in general is a metabolic disorder that results in hyperglycemia due to the anomalies in the metabolism of carbohydrates which mostly result from defects in insulin metabolism and action. Glycosuria can be tested during the examination. Glycosuria is a condition in which the blood sugar level surpasses its threshold value and appears in the urine. In diabetic patients instead of glucose, fat is mobilized and the blood FA level increases which leads to a higher cholesterol level and hence causing Atherosclerosis. It can be detected during normal routine checkup of urine(Colwell,2003)

Diabetes analysis from the U.S as of 2007:

1 in every 400 to 600 under 20 years old has Type 1 diabetes

2 million adolescents have pre-diabetes

11.5 million women (10.2 percent) have diabetes

5.7 million Have prediabetes

Reference: W.H.O

Diabetes type 2 is a condition that is associated with a relative deficiency of insulin. Beta cells of the pancreas respond normally at first but the body cells are insulin resistant and when BETA cells keep on secreting high levels of insulin they finally burn out, however, there might be a relative deficiency of insulin due to insulin antagonism .insulin could be present in greater amounts compared to glucose but it might not be able to perform its task due to antagonism. Due to antagonism, the muscle and liver cells do not respond to the glucose, and glucose is not taken up by the cells and is not utilized which leads to hyperglycemia and ultimately Glycosuria.

Two main groups of diabetes:

A-Primary: (idiopathic: the cause is unknown), metabolic defect: insufficient insulin

    Further subdivided into two clinical types.

    Diabetes Type 1 (insulin-dependent)

    Diabetes Type 2 (noninsulin-dependent)

B-Secondary: it can be due to some other disease conditions, for example, pancreatic diabetes, or due to some other hormonal imbalance like in Cushing disease and syndrome and acromegaly.

3ps of diabetes relates:

1. A) Polydypsia
2. B) Polyurea
3. C) Polyphagia

The first one is related to excessive water intake, the second one deals with a large volume of urine excretion, finally, polyphagia is associated with the food intake.

Type 2 is mostly hereditary but usually exposed after the age of forty. It also results from autoimmunity, viral infections like mumps. Overeating and under activities in middle age people and leading a sedentary or stressful lifestyle can cause diabetes type 2.in In such a disease the body tends to resist the insulin presence. Insulin is needed for utilizing the glucose that is derived from various foods. If it is not looked after properly it can have serious repercussions. Its relation can be traced to obesity. Due to excess fat accumulation, the number of insulin receptors decreases hence decreasing insulin sensitivity (Sandra Cabot).

Diabetes type two is on a rising slide and if actions are not taken to control this menace, around 350 million people might end up suffering from this disease by end of 2030. The most gruesome point about this is the fact that only half of the affected people are in knowledge of it. International Diabetic Federation needs to spread awareness in this regard amongst the people.

           Diabetes type 2 can result in Blindness, heart disease, kidney problems, since glucose is not utilized by the tissues, it causes muscles weakness. In severe cases, diabetes can cause diabetic coma as well. Middle age obese individuals are more prone to it. Also found in middle-aged pregnant women.

To overcome this problem good diabetic care, along with maintaining a proper diet is needed, it further requires staying active, taking the medication on due time, maintaining the cholesterol level to the desired level, and regular check-up with the physicians. It can be treated with hypoglycemic drugs and proper nutrition. Regular exercise is very necessary for the patients(staff 2010).