Reflective Journal for Communication Management - Assignment Example

Reflective Journal Name Course Lecture Date 1.2.1 The scene, settings and expectations are three major environmental cues that influence one's expectations for communication. The view, settings and expectations mainly determine the kind of information to be relied, for example, formal or informal communication (Wrench et al. n.d). 1.2.2 Context has a significant influence on the communication process. There are five primary settings that include; intrapersonal communication, interpersonal communication, group communication, public communication and mass communication, and each of them has effects on communication differently (Wrench et al. n.d). 1.3.1 The first time I gave a speech, I felt very anxious. My greatest experience was that, there is a need to practise in advance. I learnt that, through practise, one gives a well thought out and planned speech. 1.3.2 To attract the attention of the peers, I would use images of stars in the entertainment industry. My peers tend to be more attracted to stars in the entertainment industry; they can even pay a fortune for them to attend events that stars are attending. 1.3.3 To attract the attention of someone else, I can make use of art. This is because I love arts and feel connected viewing art related images. 1.4.1 One thing that made me offended in a conversation was the use of abusive language. My perception was influenced greatly by my upbringing. 1.4.2 When a friend of mine lost my trust, she was able to earn it back. She later proved that I can trust her will all my personal issues. 1.4.3 The communicator has a responsibility to the audience and at the same time, the audience also has a responsibility to the speakers. The communicator has a responsibility of delivering their messages in the right manner to the audience, and the audience has a responsibility to listen to what the communicators have to say (Wrench et al. n.d). 2.1.1 There are some words that have been borrowed from other languages. One good example is the word chemistry that has been borrowed from ancient Egypt Khemia, and it means a transmutation of the earth. Another word is appetence which means natural desire and craving it is derived from a French word "Appétence”. The other word is a boutique which based on the French language is used to described clothing or shop. 2.1.2 A number of authors, fields and theories are of the ideas of the influences between thought and language. A great number of them point out that, upon introspection, people tend to think in the language that they speak. A great number of theorists and writers have always extrapolated on the idea (Wrench et al. n.d). 2.2.1 The following shows some examples of communication with the identification of the primary and auxiliary messages Here, have a seat (primary message) and the speaker smiles (auxiliary message) How are you (Primary message) and the two of you hug Where is she (primary message) and points to the other direction (auxiliary message) 2.2.2 A concept that defies description cannot be proven or examined. Without the examination of a concept, it cannot be known. Thus, the primary purpose of language is to come up with some meaning therefore, concept without language is very meaningless (Wrench et al. n.d). Other people cannot define you, but through the information derived from the use of language both non-verbal and verbal, one can make more informed decisions about what and who you are. 2.2.3 The article to be used, in this case, relates to climate change and it derived from New York times and from the link below http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/21/us/obama-recasts-climate-change-as-a-more-far-reaching-peril.html The article fulfils all the components of the five-part structure in that, it has an attention statement, introduction, body conclusion as well as the residual message. The headline used in the article is an attention seeker (Obama Recasts Climate Change as a Peril with Far-Reaching Effects). The piece also concludes with a sense of closure by stating that, climate change is a threat to the economic infrastructure and the health and safety of the people of America. The main points in the article are supported by the use real life examples. For example, President Obama stated that, climate change was affecting critical infrastructure in the United States such as the training grounds and military posts. 2.3.1The following three words denotative meaning differs from their connotative meaning, and they include home, Home Am going home (denotative) There is no place that can be compared with home (connotative) Barked The dog barked The manager barked Cheap The land was going at a very cheap rate That girl is cheap 2.4.1 Below are some of the common clichés and their origins. The first cliché is turn a blind eye and it is used to mean a wilful refusal to acknowledge the reality. The origin dates back to a legendary chapter in a career of Horatio Nelson. Another common cliché is the term crocodile tears which is a term used to describe a display of false sorrow, and it dates back to the 14th century. The third common cliché is the word diehard that refers to an intense dedication to a set of beliefs and it dates back to the 1700s to describe men who struggled for the longest period when being executed. The fourth cliché is an apple of his eye which means a loved one and its origin dates back to the Bible. The fifth cliché is the an assassin which means a killer and the origins of the term dates backs to the Carmathian Warriors who were based in Mount Lebanon during the eleventh century. 2.4.2 It is justifiable to use doublespeak since it at times sounds more polite and hides some negativity in some speeches. A good example of this is the use of the term downsizing as opposed to firing people. 2.5.1 The article below shows an article on child labour The visuals illustrate the issue on child labour. Though the article would have been effective without the use of visuals, it becomes more efficient when visuals are used and creates a lasting expression in the mind of the readers. 2.5.2 The presentation from the link below https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JsQVVvocRdQ makes use of signposts. The signposts are effective, and they help the audience in following the presentation since they offer direction of when to move on to the next aspects in the presentation. 2.5.3 The diagram below shows a sample of a legend on a map The diagram shows what various signs in the legend represent for example the campground, dirt road, Peak, highway and the forest. 2.6.1 The book excerpt can be found on the link below http://wwd.com/globe-news/print/book-excerpt-manufacturing-processes-for-textile-and-fashion-design-pros-8045798/, and there are various words that can be considered as Jargons such as seed pod, Hemicelluloses, pectin and lignin. The writer would have made the terms easier to understand by offering a glossary of words. 2.6.2 Jargon words in the marketing field Words Meaning 1. Active file A file that is being used by someone else 2. Advertising Recall The extent to which consumers can recall an advertisement 3. Ambient Adverts that make use of unconventional means that have traditional media options. 4. Bylined article An article that gives credits to the writer by including their photograph and name. 5. Lead generation Marketing device that invites the customers to request for additional information. 6. Long tail When sales of goods are made for those goods that are not commonly sold. The products can give returns through reduced distribution and marketing costs. 7. Member-Get-A-Member A customer recruitment technique that requires current members to refer new members to the organisation. 8. Opportunities to hear (OTH) Frequency of exposure of an advert that is how often is the advert aired, in what stations and time of the day. 9. Peak Time of the day when audiences are the highest, and it is also termed as the primetime. 10. Readership Number of people who can be able to read a publication like compared to those who will buy the publication. 3.1.1 I am an efficient and effective public speaker over time my descriptions have changed to be a better person and with time, it is bound to change as I gain more experience and knowledge. 3.1.2 My personal self-concept affects my writing significantly since through it, I can decide what to include in my writing and how to write it in terms of the style. 3.1.3 I strongly have a belief that smoking, abortion and stealing is wrong. All these opinions are based on values instilled in me when growing up and there exist a lot of other people who hold these views. For example, most governments and societies do not condone the above-stated vices. 3.2.1 Escher's work has significantly manipulated my perception. Through his work, it can be acknowledged that every child can succeed in life irrespective of various difficulties that they may face in their early life. Children with special needs need to be encouraged for them to perform better. 3.2.2 The process of perception expands people views of events. People can choose the manner in which they perceive things, and they may change this from time to time. 3.2.3 There was a time when I concluded that my friend had betrayed our friendship, but later, I realised that it was incorrect. She was just trying to act in good faith based on our friendship. 3.3.1 There was a time that I misunderstood a message, and I was absent minded at that time. I think if I were in an apparent psychological state, I would have understood the message in a more precise and different manner. 3.3.2 There was a time that my elder sister misunderstood the message that I intended to convey. She was furious with me, and she thought that I had insulted her, but I had just said the message jokingly. 3.4.1 I have some demographic traits which includes being a female, age and level of education. By belonging to the above stated demographic groups they in a way influence my priorities and perceptions. As I age, I tend to view things more carefully and with a lot of consideration as opposed to when I was younger. Being a female and educated also makes me perceive things differently by considering what is suitable for all individuals. 3.4.2 There are some ways in which a speaker can learn about their audience with the major one being observation and also through the recording a video of a presentation. These two methods seem to be useful in learning about the audience since they can get first-hand information on the audience. 3.5.1 There are four primary listening styles that include the people listening style, action listening style, content listening style and time listening style. A major drawback of the people listening style is that the listeners tend to be more attentive to the speakers as opposed to the message being delivered. A major advantage of these listeners is that, they are good when it comes to decoding indirect and non-verbal messages and their empathetic and sensitivity assists them in preserving relations. The advantages of content listening style are that, they listen to the content, they are likely to make more informed decisions and deceptive advertising or gimmicks do not easily persuade them. Despite this, the style also has some disadvantages in that, the content listeners tend to ask a lot of questions and thus they are termed as being overly critical and hostile. The advantages of action-oriented listeners are that they are very adept when it comes to the achievement of practical communication goals. At the same time, there have a disadvantage in that, they can arouse resentment and intimidate in other types of listeners, and they have rocky on nonexistent relationships. The same disadvantages, as well as advantages that are applicable for the action oriented listeners, are appropriate to time oriented listeners. 3.5.2 In most instances, it is impossible to free oneself from psychological noise. The best way to deal with this kind of noise is to strive simply to recognise that this kind of distractions occur and take these considerations into account when one is conversing with other people. Through this, the distractions will be minimised to a great extent. 3.5.3 One of the major biases I have is a listener is jumping into conclusion even before listening to the speaker. I also have biases towards certain speakers irrespective of the message they aim to convey. I would refuse to be seen publically with a person who is immoral and corrupt. At the same time, I refute from discussing topics that can cause danger to the society. 3.5.4 I have in the past misunderstood the following abstract words love, freedom, democracy, and chauvinism. By misunderstanding the following words, I used them in an entirely different context. 4.1.1 Based on the oral and written applications in Table 4.1 there are some things that Jay and Heather would do differently to make the conference a success. They need to make use of one communication media for example; they may choose to make telephone calls or emails. This will eventually make the communication between them easier and thus make the conference a success since less time is wasted. 4. 1.2 I visited the Thomson Reuters website and based on the "About Us" page, I was able to find out that the company offers intelligent information for professionals and businesses. The company can combine the expertise in an industry with innovative technology in a bid to deliver critical information. 4.4.1 I would not send such messages and emails to the lecturer. This is because the emails and texts lack some level of professionalism in them. There exist some normative expectations between professor and student communication such as the use of correct and respectful language that shows some level of professionalism. I learnt these normative expectations from my earlier professors. 4.4.2 I would make use of these three words to friends and communicate similar meaning to an authority figure. For example greeting, thank you and relying on the message. 4.4.3 It is appropriate to make use of casual tone in contexts that are related to business at the same time, it is not a formal tone and people should shun away from using it and mostly especially when dealing with business related matters. 4.4.4 The intended audience influence the language and choice of words that can be used in a document. For example, when dealing with young children, it would be useful to use polite words. For example, when discussing a story of assassins to children, it would be effective only to use simple language and words. When dealing with the older audience, it would be effective to make use of visuals. 4.5.1 The first three words that are well suited for patients in a hospital are please eat, lie down and take all the medicine. The other words that are well suited for children are, please write, please eat and please sleep. These words would be adequate and appropriate the audiences and words are similar in that they show some level of concern. 4.5.2 A sales letter From Beauty Herbs 12 General Markets India The general manager PSK Beauty Clinic Delhi Dear Madam, We are bringing to you our new product ‘Beauty and fair lotion’. It can be rated as one of the best beauty products that are in the market currently, and it is also common in most overseas markets. The product is being offered at very low cost. Our claims are mainly based on feedbacks from customers who have used the product. We humbly request that you try out the product in your centres. Sincerely Manse Jones (vice president sales) The message is well tailored for the target audience since they deal with beauty products, and they may be willing to offer their consumers with new products. 4.6.1 Email to Professor Dear Sir, Attached please is the assignment document, please check it out and please recommend any necessary changes that can be made prior to the final submission. Warm regards. 5.1.1 Hi pliz come with the assignment documents because I want to check them b4 submitting them. 5.1.2 Emails are inappropriate in business contexts since they are seen as being informal when compared to other business communication methods such as memos. 5.2.1 Next generation limited 234 Long Streets New Chains Limited 675 Leonard Street Introduction of new models of flat screens Dear customers, Goods news of new and modified appliances to all electrical outlets. The latest flat screen TVs models have just arrived. The new flat screens are equipped with new and advanced television technology. Despite having to be fitted with the latest technology, the products will be offered at very affordable prices. For one to get considerable discounts, one has to order as earlier as possible. Each of the models has an enclosed insert that describes all the product features. Hurry and avail the new products before the supplies are out of stock. Simply call 222-1111 for one to place their orders. Sincerely, Dickson Martin Next Generation Director 5.3.1 The service I would like to offer is flight booking services. The companies that I would focus on are Virgin Australia, British Airways and Jetstar. There seems to be a clear link between the service and the needs of the companies. Through the service, people will be able to book flights in a more convenient manner and thus ease the difficulties associated with travelling. 5.4.1 A typical trend that can be observed in business is that, most of them tend to CSR in their communities. A good example of such a company is McDonald. The company takes up CSR activities in a bid to ensure that they are committed to doing the right thing in making business policies and practices that have a positive impact on the society. 5.5.1 To some extent longer resumes are at times justified. One can make up resumes that are long when there is extensive professional experience before the competition of the respective degrees. 5.6.1 E-mail sales message To: Derek Pat From: your kind hearted auto service provider Subject: time to change your oil? Save $5 Dear Sarah James We have noticed that it almost four months since the last time you changed your car oil. This is a kind reminder that you should change the motor oil for excellent service. As your preferred vendor, we would like to offer a discount of $5 for your next oil change. Please call, e-mail and stop by and we will assist you in keeping your car in excellent health. Sincerely, The General Manager Vehicle doctors. 5.6.2 One major purchase decision that I made recently was to purchase a Samsung Galaxy phone. I was mainly motivated by the features that the Smartphone had as compared to other phones. I also choose to complete the purchase since it meets my needs, and the price was also considerable based on the features in the Smartphone. 5.6.3 I am totally motivated by emotions. This is based on the fact that, though there are some logical reasons when it comes to making decisions, logic alone cannot entirely motivate one in taking the appropriate reason (Mclean 2015). Thus in this case, the emotions play a significant role. 6.5.1 I generally make use of some vocabulary in casual conversations and I also make use of slang expressions such as fortnight, fancy, gutted and ace. Instead of making use of such words I can make use of words such as two weeks, like, devastated and cool since they can be well understood by listeners and it is always better to avoid jargon and slang words in a business context. 6.5.2 A speaker can prepare a speech for a diverse audience by studying the different audience and ensuring that they will be able to understand the message he or she wishes to pass along. The speaker can also make use of various forms of delivery to enhance the speech for instance; he can make use of audios. 7.1.1 It is important to consider the rhetorical situation since all the leading views of the rhetorical situation exists in the modern day. 7.1.2 I would adapt the tattoo topic to each of the audience that is; college students and middle school children based on their age. By adapting the messages to the different audience, they are able to understand the topic more easily. 7.2.1 Table 12.2 "How I will apply the Cognate Strategies." Aristotle’s forms of rhetorical proof Cognate Strategies Focus My speech will address each element and strategy by (verbal and visual) Pathos Engagement Emphasis Tone Relationship Relevance Expression I will use a polite tone, place more emphasis on the topic and engage with the audience (Mclean 2015). Logos Arrangement Clarity Conciseness Hierarchy, order, placement Clear understanding Key points I will clarify the points to make a clear and concise understanding of the topic. Ethos Reference Credibility Expectation Frames and sources of reference Trust and character Norms and anticipated outcomes I will offer an outline of resources used to provide more credibility to the speech. 7.2.2 I listened to a presentation where the speaker lacked in logos, ethos and pathos. The speech was very unorderly, and the points outlined were not concise. Points were not explicitly clarified thus causing confusion to the listeners. 7.2.3 The organising of a presentation mainly involves ethics. A speaker must consider what needs to be included and what should be left out. For example, offensive statements are primarily not included in presentations. 7.3.1 The speech to be used, in this case, is the speech by Martin Luther King Junior which can be derived from the link below http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm. The speaker has applied all the five structural elements in the speech. The speech has a clear attention statement, introduction, body, conclusion and residual messages. 7.3.2 The speech from the link below https://www.wattpad.com/5021097-speech-on-poverty needs some improvements. Improvement needs to be made on the attention statement. It needs to be made more attention seeking. Also, the introduction would have been made more interesting creating an appeal to the readership. 7.3.3 Organisation in a way increases the likelihood that a speech will be effective. Additionally, organisation also helps in improving the clarity of thought in a clear and systematic manner (Mclean 2015). The organisation can influence or at the same time, sway away the audience. 7.4.1 I usually start my day by making breakfast and preparing for my classes. I then attend classes and then later tackle my assignments. Through this, I accomplish my tasks for the day on time. 7.5.1 One technology that has transformed my world is the use of the internet. The two organising principles to be utilized, in this case, are time, cause and effect. With time, the internet has become an essential aspect of our everyday lives and through its use; people can exchange information more quickly and efficiently. 8.1.1 Bill O'Reilly point of view regarding terrorism is that, he supports the use of coercive measures to extract information from detainees. I would also express my point of view in a similar manner since all people need to play an active role in curbing terrorism in their respective countries. 8.1.2 Reporters approach does not portray a point of view, and they are usually neutral and report events as they are. 8.1.3 A significant difference between informative presentation and persuasive presentations is that, the informative presentations sets out to offer statistics, facts and general evidence while the persuasive presentations are designed with the aim of convincing the audience that certain viewpoints are correct. A good example of the informative presentations is the one offered by lecturers in the university while a sales pitch is a good example of persuasive presentations (Mclean 2015). 8.2.1 The TV programs to be compared, in this case, are the Bones and CSI. The two communicates the meaning through visual communication and though words and dialogue are used they are very minimal. 8.3.1 The speaker has adapted the presentation to be informative and frame of the topic by using simple words and by using pictures of the event. The report on the event can be found in the link below http://edition.cnn.com/2015/06/18/opinions/bergen-charleston-attack-terrorism/ 8.3.2 Based on the new program that can be derived from the link http://if.com.au/2012/02/22/article/Murder-most-fashionable-ABCs-Miss-Fishers-Murder-Mysteries/HYTJJLBZTO.html, the following words can be considered to communicate an opinion, express values and bias; murder mystery and murder most fashionable. 8.3.3 An audience's prior knowledge can affect speech in a great way. For example, prior knowledge affects a person perception of a topic and their understanding. I expect the audience to remember 75% of an informative presentation. 8.4.1 I learn best by studying and researching on my own since I get to understand concepts more clearly. I also work best when I consult others and come up with my own conclusions. 8.5.1 An excellent example of reciprocity program is a dark city. Rufus tries to uncover his mystery as well as the secrets of the oppressive city that he lives in. 8.5.2 A good example of an honest program is a program named brutal honesty. 8.5.3 A good exploitation that is depicted in the media is the exploitation of the women. Most media portray women as objects of desire or even as trophies and accessories that men can show off. 8.6.1 I recently observed a class presentation that was entirely adequate. The presentation was straight to the point, and it was short. The presentation was also informative in that, it offered adequate information on the topic and had some real-life examples to support the arguments made in the presentation. I also learned that, for a presentation to be effective it would be essential if the speaker maintains constant eye contact with the audience. 8.6.2 Based on the speech from the link below https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wN7bZ7ddWk4, I think the tone and language used was effective. But one area that needs improvement is the length of the speech. 8.6.3 The product I would address in the informative speech is Samsung Smartphone. One of the features that I am going to address in the speech is the features of the Smartphone, the price, locations where the smartphones are sold, comparison of the Smartphone with other phones and added benefits of the phone. 9.1.1 A major social issue on which I would like to see change is related to drug use by young people. I would apply pure persuasion so as to come up with measurable gain. 9.1.2 There was a time when a close friend tried to persuade me to go for a social event. Though at first I was reluctant, I eventually agreed to accompany her. She showed me the benefits of attending the event, and it was a worthy cause to undertake as compared to staying at home. 9.2.1 A real life example of the principle of scarcity and I was being persuaded to purchase some imported household items before they became out of stock. The message was effective since I eventually made the purchase. 9.2.2 I believe to some extent that the principle of consensus exists. But personally am not susceptible to this kind of persuasion. 9.2.3 People do not always use reasons to make their decisions. 9.3.1 I would not purchase a beer advert despite the numerous commercials. The commercials make use of some principles of persuasion but despite that they are not convincing. To increase its persuasiveness, I would outline the dangers of taking a beer and leave it to the users to decide whether to consume it or not. 9.3.2 I think between discontinuance and deterrence, discontinuance is a more difficult challenge since it involves the persuasion of an audience to stop doing something that they have already been involved in for instance smoking. This is difficult since they may be already addicted to the action (Mclean 2015). 9.4.1. I think I have achieved the four levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Two to three years ago, I was not on the same level to where I am currently in and over time, my position in the hierarchy has changed, and I expect more changes to occur in the future (Mclean 2015). 9.4.2 A conversation that I have had in the past day is related to gaining information. I was requesting for information on courses offered in a university to ensure that I have adequate information and that my brother had adequate information on courses offered in the university and their time span. 9.5.1 There was a time when I experienced emotional resistance. I was attending a seminar on drug use and surprisingly, the picture being used belonged to someone close to me. Despite how much I tried, I was not able to concentrate. 9.5.2 Between appeal to reason and emotion, the appeal to emotion seems to be the most powerful one. This is because it includes logical fallacies such as appeal to fear, consequences, spite and ridicule (Mclean 2015). A good example of this is "think of the children" this is a phrase that is used to refer to the children rights and in the debate, the plea for pity is usually wielded through an appeal to emotion which is composed of logical fallacy. 9.5.3 The video that can be viewed on https://youtu.be/iu1jHtf_oUc is a good example of an appeal to emotion. Through the video, Apple makes the messages very simple and clean in the advert. The messages are easily understood by the audience since the pictures used seems to be more valuable as opposed to the use of words. 9.6.1 At times persuasion can be ethical. Persuasion is termed as ethical when it entails the following components with the first one being the exploration of another person’s viewpoint, explanation of one’s viewpoint as well as the creation of a number of resolutions to be achieved. 9.6.2 The video from the link below https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXLTQi7vVsI shows some fallacies in an advertisement. 9.6.3 A good example of an effective argument in an advert is the taxes. The advert has no clear tone and the same time it makes no emotional appeal. 9.6.4 Sample persuasion message Being a broker, I would like to recommend that you sell your shares to Rachel Smith. Though she may have made a lesser bid, the other bid seems to have a very shady background. Am looking out for your security please contact me soon on the issue. 9.8.1 Elevator speech Four months ago, I was called upon to transit Carleton estates from the construction project to a full operating hotel. Though the time was not enough, I hired and trained all the required staff, wrote the operating manuals on how to dress, and made sure that the systems were working properly. The hotel was opened on time. 9.8.2 The elevator speech to be used, in this case, can be found on the link below http://yourpersonalbrandname.com/elevator-pitch-examples/ on management consultant. The pitch has strength in that, it offers adequate and clear message to the audience. A major weakness is that it is very long. 10.1.1 Our understanding of communication is enhanced when we start viewing nonverbal communication as that which is not verbal communication. Through this, people can understand even the nonverbal messages that are communicated to both the listeners and the speaker. 10.1.2 I strongly admire Amanda Rose Keller. She expresses herself using nonverbal communication for example by use gestures and making of facial expressions to convey their statement. Their tone is convincing, and she can time their programmes. Her audible expressions are also clear and quite convincing. 10.1.3 To a great extent, lie detectors are reliable since individuals cannot control all the three physiological functions simultaneously. At the same time, there exists no way that stress generated can be tested as being stress due to lying or stress due to test (Mclean 2015). 10.2.1 I greatly value time and formation of lasting and meaningful relationships in my personal and professional life. I tend to spend a considerable amount of time on studies and working. I tend to be spending time on aspects that are more important. 10.2.2 Time is an essential factor in communication in the current information age. If information received is rated, the intended response may not be received. 10.4.1 In this case, I will explore a PowerPoint, and my favourite features are the colour and design used in creating the PowerPoint. A major step in accessing and making use of the power point is opening it; this is followed by navigation by moving to the next slide and moving back and forth if one needs to refer to earlier sections. 10.5.1 I watched a television program named the living room. By watching the program without sound, I was not able to understand the program. The show explores a wide range of lifestyle issues such as travel, renovations and cooking. I found it easier to understand aspects that were well known to me and those that I was unfamiliar with presented a major challenge. 10.5.2 A major assumption of nonverbal communication is that, they are as effective as verbal communication and behaviour of individuals can be analysed through repetitions and patterns. 11.1.1 A major product that I find appealing is Samsung products and a slogan for the product will be “guaranteeing you for a better tomorrow”. 11.2.1 I recently had a phone conversation with my parents. We argued and though we argued, there was still something that worked out in that; we were able to clear our differences at the end. 11.3.1 Sample agenda The main agenda of the meeting today is to discuss the quarterly sales and results from a marketing campaign. The information that is needed relates to the exact profits and exact data on the marketing campaigns. 11.4.1 Toast Though we have had our differences when working on the project, we eventually managed to complete the project. We need to celebrate for every little support that each of the members contributed towards the completion of the project. 11.5.1 The press interview services an organisation in that, it acts as a marketing tool. 11.5.2 One of the major strategies that can be applied to appeal the local customers is making adverts using local people and using local slogans. 11.5.3 Based on the link below http://ftw.usatoday.com/2015/04/western-force-nick-cummins-interview-rugby. The interviewer and interviewee do not take turns effectively; the interviewee does not look nervous all through the interview. I think he could have made the performance great by going straight to the point. 11.5.4 A good example of an interview gone badly can be found on the link below https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vkPEj3RUsE 11.6.1 The speech from the link below https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YivQYeI0vys is an ineffective one since the speakers look down and keeps reading from the notebook. The speech from the following link is a good example of a speech can be found from the link below https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTWHvEiiJWk 11.6.2 There are things about myself and my career that I would like the audience to know. First is that I loved and satisfied with my career path. The second aspect is that I plan to advance my career shortly. Am dedicated and passionate about the career path that I took. 11.7.1 A good example of a particularly effective award acceptance speech is the one offered in the link below http://www.usprofessorsoftheyear.org/Winners/Previous_Natl_Winners/Rowell_Acceptance_Speech.html#.VaVP6lJ4vIU. It has a good and effective introduction, body and conclusion. 11.7.2 An example of an ineffective award acceptance speech is one offered in the link below http://www.usprofessorsoftheyear.org/Winners/Previous_Natl_Winners/Rowell_Acceptance_Speech.html#.VaVP6lJ4vIU. The speech is too long and the audience may be bored to listen to it. 11.9.1 I recently passed a congratulations message to a friend due to her successful completion of her master's degree. 11.9.2 There are some ideas words and images that attract my attention. Messages of success and pressing issues in the community motivate me to pay attention. 12.1.1 I would probably make use an indirect approach to delivering the negative message due to the effect the message may have to the intended audience. This may apply to close members who may be really affected by the issues. 12.1.2 Negative news message Due to the decreased salaries for two consecutive years it has been decided that the hours and base pay for the sales time will be reduced by 20%. Please bear with us for the time behind since we are headed for a better time in the future. 12.2.1 There was a time I received a negative feedback from my professor, and since the submission date was in one week time, I was able to make the necessary changes. Though I felt bad about the negative feedback then am entirely grateful that I received the feedback on time. 12.3.1 Based on an online crisis communication plan failed to offer a great emphasis on the various steps to be taken in crisis management. Real life examples would have been used to offer more ideas on dealing with a crisis. 12.3.2 When people do not know what to do in a crisis they have conflicting solutions to their current situations. This crisis can be addressed before the crisis by teaching and educating people on what they ought to when a crisis occurs. 13.1.1 I am researching on an assignment from various sources so as to come up with concise and accurate answers to the research questions. 13.1.2 There are many instances when I use self-talk for instance when facing a difficult situation and encouraging myself that I will make it. The surprising thing is that self-talk just occurred, and I had not planned for it in advance. 13.2.1 Based on the dimensions of self all the dimensions of self-contributes to my resume in one way or another. 13.2.2 Based on Luft and Ingram’s Dimension of self I think I fulfil all the four dimensions in that I have information that is known to me and others, I also have details that others notice in me and am not aware of them, I also have information that I know about myself but I cannot reveal it to others and I also have information that is unknown to me and to my conversational partners (Mclean 2015). 13.3.1 I tend to express by personal needs differently in front of my close friends and family members. I have also observed similar variations in personal needs in other people based from one situation and another. I also observed that my friend also expresses her personal needs differently. 13.4.1 The following terms describe my personal self-obedient, caring, trustworthy, helpful and inspiring while these terms self-driven, dedicated, motivated, well educated and well cultured also describes professional self. 13.4.2 I tend to trust my sister and she trust me to a great extent. We have a mutually trusting relationship is that we have shared a lot since childhood, and she had always being supportive to me even in my difficult moments. For the trustful relationship to be formed it took the effort of both parties. 13.4.3 Self-disclosure is important in a business setting since it enables the partners to be truthful with another and this acts as a benefit for the business. 13.5.1 An employment interview serves both the interviewee and the interviewer. The interview serves the interviewer by showing the qualities, strengths and weaknesses of the interviewee. On the other hand, the interviewee can meet with the prospective employer. 13.5.2 There are some employment related resources that are available on campus and the community. For instance, the campus offers internship opportunities to students. This makes the transition from campus life to work environment easier. 13.6.1 There was a conflict between me and my sister. Based on the various strategies used to solve conflict we employed the compromising strategy to solve the conflict. We both gave up some elements of our position and through this we were able to establish an acceptable solution for both of us. 13.6.2 Of all the strategies that are used in managing conflict the compromising strategy seems to be better as opposed to avoidance, competing, collaborating and accommodating. This is based on the fact that both parties do not feel cheated and are usually satisfied since it ends with a win and win situation for conflicting parties (Mclean 2015). 13.6.3 There was a conflict between me and my workmate, but coincidentally the conflict brought a positive outcome. The conflict that was more work related and through it we became aware of our respective duties and later we were able to work in a very collaborative manner with each other. 14.1.1 My dominant culture is well described by the following words attentive, well advanced, well known to me and well cultured. The following words also describe another culture that I am not a member, and they include strict, unknown to me and complex. 14.3.1 The symbols below characterise the western culture a bald eagle and an inverted cross. 14.3.2 A thumbs up sign does not commonly mean that great since in countries such as Australia it means sit in it. Another offensive gesture is nodding of the head in some countries it may mean a yes or a no but in other countries such as Bulgaria shaking of the head may eventually lead to confusion if one is being hit on or when trying to order food. 14.4.1 The figure below shows a business letter by virgin blue limited 10th November 2003 Dear investor, On behalf of all the directors, it would be our pleasure if you would agree to be one of our investors at Virgin Blue Holdings Limited. For about three years after the start of operations, the company was able to capture a 28% market share. Our competitive strengths are the low-cost structure, strong profitability and its management team. As the directors, we strongly believe that the growth outlook for the company, its profitability and low fares offers an attractive investment proposition. With my fellow directors, we recommend the offer and look forward to welcoming you to be a shareholder of Virgin Blue. Yours sincerely Chris Corrigan The letter was much detailed, and I think it would be effective if shortened to make the shareholder interested in it details. 14.4.2 A good example of a movie that has a translated movie title due to culture is The Hangover which was translated to “if you don’t drink, don’t get married”. 14.5.1 An ethical issues that the recent global financial crisis that involved my family is that a close relative was laid off at work. This was hard since he was the bread winner of the family, and they suffered to the extent that we had to offer help to the family. 14.6.1 I would prefer Theory Y as the management style. Through this theory as a manager am of the opinion that employees are self-motivated, ambitious and always exercise self-control. Through the application of the theory, managers believe that when employees are offered with the right conditions they will always work well. Through the style, I would encourage employees to make decisions that affect their daily work. 14.7.1 Based on the following expat network https://www.expatnetwork.com/ there is a section that deals with the latest jobs and the site offer assistance for people seeking overseas job search as well as support. Thus, the site acts a link between their life when in overseas countries and their country of origin. 14.7.2 The hardest part of an overseas assignment for me is dealing with a diverse workforce. In an overseas assignment one have to work with people from different areas of the globe and these people come along with some of their cultures and it may take time for people to learn to work together (Mclean 2015). 15.1.1 There are both primary and secondary groups in my life. A major primary group in my life is a member of a family group. A secondary group in my life is my work group such as being a member of the sales department in my organisation. 15.1.2 There are instances when individual work is better than teamwork. One of such an instance is when the work that needs to be done needs a greater level of concentration. By working alone, an individual is not interrupted and do not need to shape and shift around others. At times, teamwork seems to be less productive since people tend to chat and gossip a lot on a matter not related to completion of the allocated task (Mclean 2015). 15.2.1 It is possible for a no group member to help a group to move from the storming stage to the norming stage. The non-member can offer clarification in aspects that the group may be conflicting about for example issues related to the structure, responsibilities, rules, authority and leadership (Mclean 2015). 15.2.2 Currently I am a member of an investment group and the group members played different roles in the group will some were just members. I acted as the secretary of the group, and there was a chairman and treasurer of the group. There were also other members who acted as overseers in the group, and they questioned the decisions that were made by the officials of the group. Over time, the roles of members of the group change over time so as to ensure that every group member plays a role in the group. Some roles seem to be more positive than others, for example, the roles of being a chairman, treasurer and secretary were more positive than just been just an active member of the group. 15.2.3 I was a member of an investment group but since then I have ceased from being a member of the group. I ceased been a member after three years in the group since I realised that the group goals and objectives were not been met. Additionally some group members possessed more power than the others, and they would always shot down any points brought about by some members. In the three years, we had not made any investment despite having saved a considerable amount of money for the investment. At the same time anytime we proposed an investment some members would term the investment as unpractical? Thus, there seemed to be no need of being a member of such a group. 15.3.1 We encountered a problem of lack of cohesion in the group. We solved this problem by eliminating some group’s members who seemed to be the main source of the lack of cohesion in the group. The solution was extremely satisfactory since after the elimination the other group members worked well together. The group applied some of the seven steps in the group problem solving which includes: The definition of the problem Considering of possible solutions Deciding on the solution and implementation of the solution. It would have been more helpful if our group followed the entire seven-step framework (Mclean 2015). 15.3.2 Through the application of the cost-benefit analysis I will be able to make a decision on whether to change jobs as I anticipate to do in the future. This method has been useful since it offers me with both the strengths and weaknesses on the current job and future one. Through the analysis, I was able to realise that my current job is not well suited and aligned to my educational qualifications. I feel that my future job seems to be more aligned to my educational qualifications. 15.5.1 I prefer working more in a team as opposed to working individually. The table below shows the advantages and disadvantages of working individually and through teamwork. Teamwork Advantages Creates an environment of support Boost confidence of individuals Improved performance (Mclean 2015). Disadvantages Progress is slow Timely Working individually Advantages No distractions Not time-consuming Disadvantages There is no collaboration and Creative problem-solving 15.5.2 If I were to choose a team member I would choose Grace, my classmate, to be on a team with me. This is because she displays great team leadership styles, and she is always ready to listen to listen to other people's opinion before arriving into a conclusion. By choosing her, we would be able to achieve the team objectives in an effective and timely manner. 15.5.3 Martin Luther King Junior is the leader that I admire most in life. He had a vision that many people in his time believed in but were afraid to talk. He was a self-elected leader and displayed a transformational leadership style. A leader with this leadership style shows other people their visions. Their followers follow them because of their passion and honesty. This kind of a leader makes motivates and empowers their followers through the use of their beliefs. References Mclean, S 2015, Management Communication Faculty of Business, Government & Law, University of Canberra. Wrench, J., Goding, A., Johnson, D & Attias, B n.d, Contemporary public speaking, Faculty of Business, Government & Law, University of Canberra. Read More