The Tyre Changing Process in the 1950s and in 2013 - Coursework Example

HАNGЕ ТYRЕ РRОJЕСT--ОBSЕRVЕD RЕАL WОRLD BUSINЕSS РRОСЕSS (NЕЕD РRОСЕSS МАР) Name: Subject: Date: Table of Content Introduction 3 Research Question 3 Quality Measurement 4 The Tyre Changing Process in 1950s 4 General Description 4 Process 4 Tyre Changing Process in 2013 7 General Description 7 The Tyre Changing Process in 2015 9 General Description 9 Process 9 Lead- time Analysis 10 Statistical Process Control 10 Control Charts 12 Lean Theory 12 References 15 Tyre changing process map2015 18 Tyre changing process map 2013s. 18 Tyre changing process map 1950s longer time taken. 19 Introduction Quality management is a process by which the organization uses to be in apposition of producing consistent and high quality services for its clients. Through quality management the organization is able to eliminate waste and create more profits in the process improving the quality of their service. The report is going to focus on the tyre changing process between three different years, 1950s, 2013 and the latest. Through statistical process control the company is able to use statistical methods to ensure that they operate in full potential. At this level of potential the company will be able to minimize time wastage in tyre changing. Statistical process control can be used in any process where the service being analyzed meet the required specification. Research Question The research will constitute a process analysis of three different years which tyre changing process in car racing was involved. The scope of the processes examines tyre changing process from the start of the car entering the tyre changing trench. The process map will reflect the steps taken from the time the car enters the trench until the time when it exits after the tyres are changed. After the mapping, the variation can be analyzed within the iteration and further between the processes until the objective of tyre changing is reached. The steps of tyre changing are car stopping, car jerking, tyre bolt opening, tube removal, tyre replacement, refueling, inflation, release from jerking and exit. This are processes that are mapped within the time limits that the process take. Time keeping records indicated in the tables below. This is used to determine the best practices and then improve the existing practice. Quality Measurement Quality in theanalysis which is measured on the baseline of the required time from the car entering the tyre replacement trench to the time of exit with the order quantity. Tyre changing project is focused on the process of changing tyres in automobile especially in car racing in a more efficient way without wasting of any resource during the process. The process map explains how the customer is served from the moment he/she request the services from the company. There significant tools that are used to achieve statistical process control, one of them being the control charts; this is focused on the consistency in the improvement of quality of service. A design experiment is also another key tool in statistical process control where it is applied in various production lines. There are major challenges facing this process especially in maintaining the quality of services offered and determining the variation of quality outside the standards. The following is a sample that indicates the time taken between the car racers entering the area for tyre change up to the time the race car leaves. The Tyre Changing Process in 1950s General Description The tyre changing process involves only four people hence are slowing the operation and hence the longer time taken. They were only allowed to change the front tires at one instance then the others at another instance. Process The trench is approximately 50 meters from the race track the car enters this point and directly ahead there are four people waiting to change the tyres. This was very slow as compared to the latest technology used. The lifting and changing of tyre was more mechanical since there were few machines invented to perform various operations. Car jerking - The car is lifted after it enters the trench Bolt opening- The bolts of car in 1930 were opened since they were tightly screwed on the axle. A hammer was used to knock the tyres out. Tube removal- the tube is removed from the tyre using the tyre changing machine. Tyre replacement- The new tyres were knocked back the suspension; the tube is filled with pressure after its inserted back to the tyre in the rim. When it’s full the car is then released. Car release- The car is released from jerk. Exit- The car is given green light to exit to the race track. The following is the time samples of five tyre changing process in 1930s. S A M P L E X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 Average range 1 41.30 61.75 41.05 61.30 52.20 51.52 20.07 2 40.40 42.10 34.56 44.16 35.46 39.34 9.60 3 38.12 32.44 44.30 50.23 39.80 40.98 17.79 4 40.36 45.33 44.38 35.44 34.16 39.93 11.17 5 48.31 36.10 48.41 45.00 36.30 42.82 12.31 6 51.35 39.55 46.30 38.33 39.50 43.00 13.02 7 50.28 35.50 37.40 37.43 35.22 39.16 15.06 (Average of average)=42.39 R-highest-lowest= 10.47 UCL=14.15 SPC: calculation for control limits Variable data (x-bar and R- bar control charts) The upper control limit= 42.39+ (0.577*14.15) =50.55 The lower control limit= 42.39- (0.577*14.15) = 34.22 Tyre Changing Process in 2013 General Description The tyre changing process in 2013 is more advanced compared to those of the previous years. The changing zone is inclined to the race track. There more people performing the operation and more machines are used. This reduces the time taken to a relatively few seconds. Process The car enters the tyre changing trench which is relatively adjacent to the track and inclined. Car stopping- The racing car is stopped from the initial momentum. Car lifting- Automated car lifting machine is used to lift the car. Tyre opening- The four tyres are removed using a machine that more efficient in opening of the bolts. Tube removal- the tube should be removed after the tyre is removed using the tyre changing machine. Tyre replacement- New tyres are inserted and locked using the machines operated by the mechanics; pressure is inserted to the tube in the tyre until it’s full. Release- The car is released from the lifting after the refilling and tyre changing process is complete. Exit- The car is given a green light to continue racing. The following is a table of tyre changing process time taken. S A M P L E X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 Average range 1 4.16 5.33 4.38 3.44 4.36 4.33 1.89 2 5.22 5.50 7.40 3.43 5.28 5.37 3.97 3 3.80 3.44 4.30 5.23 8.12 4.98 4.68 4 3.20 4.75 4.05 6.30 3.30 4.32 3.1 5 6.30 6.10 8.41 5.00 4.31 6.02 4.1 6 9.50 9.55 4.30 8.33 5.35 7.41 5.25 7 5.46 4.10 3.56 4.16 4.40 4.34 1.9 (Average of average)=5.25 R-highest-lowest=3.36 average range=3.56 In the above control chart; Upper control limit = 5.25+ (0.577*3.56) = 7.30 Lower control limit = 5.25- (0.577*3.56) = 3.20 The Tyre Changing Process in 2015 General Description The latest tyre changing process has been drastically improvised in terms of the time taken to change the tyres unlike the previous years. The time taken in the recent time ranges from 7 seconds to 4 seconds of changing the tyres. Process Unlike before there is a lot of mechanization and the use of latest technological tools. The lifting machines used are more efficient and the screw opener is very efficient and very fast compared to those in previous years. The process is similar to that of 2013; only the efficiency of the machines used reduces the time taken between the tyres changing process. The following is the latest data on the time taken to change the tyres for formula 1 racing. S A M P L E X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 Average (highest R) Average (lowest R) 1 4.24 4.16 4.18 3.54 4.33 4.09 0.79 2 4.20 3.46 3.56 4.16 4.10 3.90 0.74 3 4.80 3.80 4.30 5.23 3.44 4.31 1.79 4 3.30 3.22 3.40 3.43 3.50 3.37 0.28 5 3.45 3.30 4.41 4.00 3.10 3.65 1.31 6 4.10 3.50 4.30 3.33 4.55 3.96 1.22 7 3.10 4.20 5.05 3.30 4.75 4.08 1.95 (Average of average)=3.91 R-highest-lowest= 1.67 Range average= 1.15 The upper control limit = 3.91+ (0.577*1.15) = 4.57 The lower control limit=3.91- (0.577*1.51) = 3.04 Lead- time Analysis Service quality standards are expected to always maintain certain required consistencies over a given period of time. Statistical process control can be used to detect any variation away from the acceptable standards. When tyres are replaced in car racing there should a consistent time taken between every replacement to maintain the position of the car in the race otherwise if there is no consistency and there is variation in the taken between each replacement of tyres the quality of services will be below the required standard. This helps in the separation of simple natural variables from assignable variation. Statistical Process Control The understanding of statistical process control is through the central limit theory. This explains that the average or sum of a number of measurements from any single given probability distribution is accounted as an approximation of a normal distribution. The sample space determines the accurateness of the normal distribution. For this case the changing of the tyre is done 5 times which gives a good sample space. To quantify the results of the test is done using two methods of quality measures; variable and attributes. Attributes are results that are either acceptable or unacceptable and they are of required standards. In the other hand variables are results that are not consistent; they are random over a given number of tests. Unacceptable attributes refer to those results that are defective. Variation emerges from different uncontrollable sources which are normally referred to as common causes. This results from the production system or the products which are produced from the manufacturing lines. There are assignable variations which are normally easy to control; they mainly result from external sources which can be easily eliminated. In statistical process control, all processes will definitely include various forms of variation. When a tyre being manufacture are not accurately of the same diameter. There will be some variations either large variation or small, always there has to be a variation due to the sources of variation in the above diagram. Statistical control process is normally applied to solve the problem of variation in changing tyres when they are being used in car racing. Statistical process control is generally a method of monitoring the service delivery to ensure that the standard quality of the service is not affected by the repeated process of the same service. Statistical process control depends on control charts to execute and to predict the corrective action to be taken whenever a variation occurs. Control Charts Control charts are used to indicate the service delivery processes which are being control in a state of statistical control. The following are uses of control charts: Assessing the appropriateness of changes to be made. Distinction of special causes from common causes of variation. Communicate process performance. Monitor variation over a given period of time. When there is an indication that the processes that are monitored are under control, there will be no need of emending the process for a required standard of tyres changing during a race. The information from the control charts can also be used to predict the future trends in the tyre changing and hence improving the consistency of quality. When control charts give indications that there is need to change the system, the source of variation is determined using the charts. This may result in the operation of the tyre changing process from the required specification and in the process deliberate actions will be applied to examine the cause of variation and then understanding the current output then there will be need to improve the tyre changing process. The control chart is among the seven quality control tools. Control charts are used time-series data. However, there are various types of control charts that are used in the tyre changing company. Centre line Lean Theory This can be used to demonstrate how a company can eliminate waste by reducing variation in the service delivery and improvement on the quality of the service. The following are the lean tool used to improve the product quality and minimize waste. Sort Standardize Set in order Shine Sustain This can be achieved through efficient layout and standardized work, the company has to develop various machines which can be used in tyre changing process in order to improve the quality of the tyre changing service. Visual controls are also very significant in the tyre changing process, visual controls like the control charts, histogram and frequency graphs are used to observe the undertaking of services delivery. The company has to ensure that changing tyres is improved through the use source inspection. This is where the company inspects the quality of inputs services that are supplied by workers to be used for the tyre changing. The quality of input services has to be of the required standard in order to produce the standard quality of tyre changing service by the company. Total productive maintenance has to be implemented by the company in order to create a moderate quality of service and to reduce the variation in the service delivery. Breakthrough improvement is encountered when gradual change in the service delivery from initial changes to the final changes of the tyres. The improvement of tyre changing service results from the creative and innovative thinking. This is attained when the company is constantly researching on the quality of service delivered. The exercise of reengineering and bench marking is very significant in the improvement of quality of the service. Bench marking is the process by which the company research the company’s best practices and improve on them to produce a superior quality service. Reengineering is the critical rethinking on the previous quality and radical redesign of the initial practices and processes so as to improve the quality of service. This helps improve the performance such as cost, speed and quality of services. Creativity and innovation are significant in improving the tyre changing process. When the company responds to the needs of customers so that they are given priority over their competitors. Through motivation of employees the company will be able to enhance the morale of employees to produce quality services. In conclusion, quality of tyre changing process is improved through the analysis of the service delivery then the company makes various improvements. Statistical process control is one of the ways which is used by the tyre changing company in order to ensure that the quality of service is maintained to the required standard. 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Combined wheel torque and steering control based on model predictive controller using a simplified tyre model. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 65(1), 31-51. Appendix: Tyre changing process map2015 Car jack Front stopper Stabilizer Tyre changing process map 2013s. Tyre changing process map 1950s longer time taken. Read More