Management of Organisation - Assignment Example

Management of Organization Contents Contents 2 Question 3 Question 2 4 Question 3 5 Conclusion 6 Question Team work is a factor that affects performance of every organization. The purpose of this journal is to discuss effectiveness of team work on the performance of organization. This journal article will help significantly to measure the importance of team work on organizational performance. Here they work together as a team to do something or to achieve something. Every organization is a collection of different people. Performance of any organization depends on the performance of their employees. A collective number of employees participating in the same task together is called team work. This journal article will show clearly that team work is directly proportional to the performance of any organization. The article is having clear purpose of showing that good team performance can enhance performance of organization and at the same time poor team performance can be a serious problem for organization. Team work is having both positive and negative effects on the performance of the organization. This journal article will show all different positivity and negativity of team work. Managements of different organizations are giving lots of importance towards team work. Organizations are trying to build super performing team for enhancing performance of organizations. This journal will give them a clear picture about the importance of team work. Generally it is being noticed that a team consists of people coming from different cultures and different backgrounds. They stick together for achieving a common goal. As the culture, language and back ground are different it poses lots of challenge for organization to stitch them into a common fabric. Lots of issues can be there. This journal will help to understand all those issues and will provide support by discussing different remedies for those issues. Day by day managing a team is getting more and more complex. Issues are getting more and more deep rooted. In this scenario this journal will play an important supportive role for every organization to enhance their performance through team work. In modern day organization team work is an unavoidable aspect. The article is having very clear and obvious purpose of enlightening organizations about different contributions of team work in organization performance (Youngkyun, 2008, pp. 145-149). Question 2 In team work it is often being noticed that individual performances are decreasing. People work less in groups than individuals. It is called social loafing. One of the issues is that it is very difficult to measure an individual performance from the output of a team. A team works together and results come out. It is very difficult to quantify individual performance out of that result. Often team members exploit that situation and social loafing takes place. It is being noticed that lack of coordination plays an important role in social loafing. People feel less motivated can also be a reason for social loafing. Individual people in a group can easily hide. Performance of other team members will cover all flaws of the person who is hiding in the crowed. It is also being noticed that individuals often saves their energy for individual works. They try to save their energy in a group work. They sometimes intentionally work less for getting maximum returns (John, 2009, pp. 135-138). Social loafing has another economic terminology i.e. shrinking. It can be described with the help of two parties called principal and agent. Here principal and agent are having conflicting relationship. Agent and principal sign a contract between them. Generally principle has to pay for the performance of agent. It states that once the contract between two parties is signed agent shrinks it means that agent reduces his efforts to work hard. Performance will be reduced. In this scenario it is very difficult for principal to identify what is the issue behind lower performances. It is very difficult for the principal to separate whether it is shrinking from the part of agent or it is an unavoidable external phenomenon. Here comes the concept of information asymmetry. In this concept both parties will have different information. Apart from information asymmetry one more concept is also present. It is called moral hazard. When the agent is intentionally not giving required effort as per the contract moral hazard comes into the picture. Social loafing and shrinking are unwanted for every manger. It is very important to come up with different measures to counter these two psychological and economic issues of team work. Social loafing can be reduced by reducing invisibility of an individual. Increasing individual evaluations also can be very helpful for reducing social loafing. It is being noticed that people can hide themselves in a big group but in a small group it is very difficult to hide. It reduces chance of shrinking (Michael, 2012, pp. 123-126). Question 3 After reading this journal I have learned how individuals can reduce their efforts intentionally when they are working in a group. I learned team work can have its dark sides. These dark sides can be categorized in two groups. One is psychological and another is economist. These two categories are discussing the same aspect related to the performance reduction of an individual in a group or team environment. These two categories can be given two different names like social loafing for psychological categories and shrinking for economist’s category. Basic concept is same. The two names are suggesting that when one individual is working as a team member he often does not put his highest efforts for their assigned work. I learned that it is very difficult to identify that which individual is shrinking or social loafing. The journal has given me the idea how one individual is hiding in a big crowd and not giving his hundred percent. I also learned that people intentionally do not put their highest efforts because they want to store their energy for their individual works not for their group works. People often do not feel a sense of togetherness in group environment causing reduced efforts from the side of individual. I learned that often people want to get best possible outputs in against of lowest possible inputs. This journal also helped me to know different measures to reduce social loafing and shrinking. It states that social loafing can be reduced by making every individual more and more visible. Shrinking can be reduced with the help of individual performance based incentives. It also shows that shrinking can be reduced by adjusting the size of the group. It is very important for mangers to focus on those limitations for enhancing performances of organizations. Conclusion Every organization is trying to get most out of their every team. This article will help them to utilize their team properly. It will help the organization to recognize different downsides of team work. Once downsides of team work have been identified organization can easily focus on those aspects and can convert those negatives into positives. Group cohesiveness is also very handy for reducing social loafing. It creates a strong bond in the mind of every group members. Group members give their full efforts to follow all norms of the group. Giving incentives for the better individual performance is also a very successful measure for reducing shrinking. Size of the group can be adjusted for reducing shrinking. I learned that cohesiveness among group members is very important to reduce social loafing. It makes them more and more attached towards the norms of group and will motivate them to put their hundred percent efforts. I learned that team work is having its own limitations. References Michael, A. W. 2012. Effective Teamwork: Practical Lessons from Organizational Research. London: John Wiley & Sons. John, C. M. 2009. Teamwork 101: What Every Leader Needs to Know (Google eBook). New York: Thomas Nelson Inc. Youngkyun, C. 2008. Social Loafing and Moral Emotions: The Janus-headed Aspect of Moral Identity. New York: ProQuest. Read More