Principles of Operations Management - Assignment Example

Principles of Operations Management - Re-layout of shop floor 1 Introduction Operation Management can be defined as the management of direct resources like machine, material and manpower which are required to produce goods and services. It involves planning, organizing, controlling, directing and coordinating the all the activities of production systems. Operation Management as whole deals with design of product and process, acquisition of resources, transformation of resource inputs into output and distribution of goods and services, i.e. In brief, a operation manager's duty is taking decisions regarding designing and implementation of operation strategies. Selection of facility location and Lay out are the strategic decisions for any organization. The location where firm set up their organization is called" facility location" and the physical disposition of the facility of the plants and its various parts for achieving quickest production is known as" facility Layout". Lay out Planning Layout planning involves decision about the physical arrangements of economic centers within a facility. Before taking any decision regarding the layout, the following are to be considered 1. Productivity 2. Space and its shape 3. Elements in the center etc. The location of a center has two dimensions. 1. Relative location:- the placement of the center related to other centers. 2. Absolute location:- the particular space that the center occupies within the facility. Now we will check out how the easy flow of the raw materials occurs in the given Layout. Look into the diagram given below. 2 3 Now I shall explore diagram of the re- layout of the shop floor. Receipt of raw materials and dispatch of products From the requirements projected it is learned that this firm has a receipt of raw materials and dispatch of produced goods in quite reasonable quality. This demands the following. a) Receipt area should be near to the road, b) Receipt area has sufficient vehicle parking area. c) Receipt area has sufficient space for material handling equipments and men to work. d) Dispatch area should again be near to road e) In order to avoid difficulties in traffic management ,both receipt and dispatch area is required to be at both axis. Re-Layout of shop floor Generally when considering a re lay out the following should be kept in the mind. a)saving space by utilizing unused areas, b)save resources by reducing distances between similar machineries and related process, c) arrange the equipments/machineries/steps in progressive manner, d) save man and machine efforts by placing more of raw/incomplete products in a given sequence to achieve shorter distance, e)further developments :- always think 10 years in advance and anticipate the automation and use of robots for all production activities. 4 Justification of layout of sections 1. Saw Sawing is given 90 sqm according to the requirement. It need to be near the entrance to facilitate easy movements of raw materials to the shop. Since here the receipt of raw materials is involved there will be lot of movements of personnel consignment carriers had own supervisors and workers. Hence it is located next to the walkway .IT is placed near to the road at the approach to facilitate sufficient parking space to the vehicles. safety of the workers is very important at this sect. 2. Press 1 This is a process required immediately after sawing. Hence need to be next or near to sawing area to, a) save effort in shifting b) save time c) save energy 3. Mill This section, which succeeds saw and Press. Hence required to be near to the above process. This also requires more area as given in the assignment brief. 4. Lathe This is also similar to mill. This requires more space as it has more workers and machines. Also it demands sufficient spaces or gaps between each machine for, a) Safety in working area, b) Work comfort, c) Handling of raw materials need from saw/press d) Handling of produced pieces efficiently to further shift to next stage. 5 5. Drill It needs comparatively less space, however this is also a major and effort consuming process. This process involves more workers and machines. This is a process in consequent to the lathe and part of same stage. However due to restriction in area availability and necessity of proximity to mill and lathe it is located at the opposite side of lathe on the other side of walkway. Moreover on observing the pattern and nature of Products A to H which are being manufactured at this firm, mill, lathe and Drill can be located at the convenience and space restrictions as except four products none has all these three process in it. Safety is a very important aspect in these sections. 6. Press 2 Second stage of production commences here and the sections in this stage are not very space consuming. However they have a lot of importance as the finishing and through which quality of end product is concerned. 7. Grind. This sec is part of finalization of the product. Number of workers employed may be less, depending the amount of machinery used in this stage and in the entire firm. It is also anticipated that one or more supervisors for quality assurance shall be present in this area. This factor also kept in mind when it is located next to walkway and almost to the middle of the layout. 8. Shape. Almost similar to grind section. Skilled labors and supervisors are dominated this section. Space required is not much but specialized machinery is present in this stage. 9. Heat treat This stage involves a separate room or chamber for the function. It also requires a furnace and an exhaust. Thus it requires to be towards on side of the layout. This section will have, a) an exhaust pipe b) water outlet c) in and out of processed materials 6 10. Paint This stage is also required a separate room or space. The workers in this place are working in unhealthy condition and this section needs continuous ventilation also. Hence it is to be located one side of the shop layout. It is to be remembered that this section comes under final stage of the production and shall go to assembly section further. Hence it is to be located as shown in the diagram. 11. Assembly This section is towards the end of the process and final stage of the manufacture. Since it is the last stage of the manufacture, there will be many visitors including own officials, customers etc. Hence it is be located near to the walkway and inspection stage. 12. Inspection Quality assurance is an important aspect in keeping the rapport of the company. Expert and senior workers will be there. Space required is comparatively less. But necessary to be next to the pack and dispatch stage to save space, time and efforts. 13. Pack and dispatch This is similar to receipt, more number of vehicles and personnel are involved. Hence better to be near road and should have sufficient parking space. This section will have a lot of movement of workers, visitors, customer and executives. Because of this reasons will necessarily a show window and convenient near to the walkway and should be maintained properly. It can be seen that arranging the requirements in above said manner the given layout model will be safe and will have a smooth flow of the materials. Eight sketches showing production stages involve, their layout, are given in subsequent pages. ---------------------------------- - 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Bibliography 1.Adam,Everest.E and Ronald,J Ebert Production and Operations Management:Concept,Models and Behaviour ,fifth edition. 2. Chary S.N Procuction and Operations Management , second edition. 3.Francis, Richard L, and John A.White Facility Layout and Location; An analytical Approach , second edition. 4.Lee J.Krajewski and Larry P.Ritzman Operation Management; Strategy and Analysis, 6th edition 5.Lee ,Sang M and Marc ,J. Schnieder Jans Operation Management 6.Roger G. Schroeder Operation Management;Decision Making in the Operations function 4th edition 8. Russ Carpenter Opinion regarding the Restaurant Benihana, Institutions/Volume feeding Magazine Read More