Rotavirus Model, Probability of the Patients Seeking Homecare - Essay Example

MODULE Rotavirus Model The rotavirus model is applied in Pakistan so as to analyze the conditions prevailing in Pakistan regarding medical care and the treatment of other diseases. The rotavirus is studied and the results are complementary so as to provide a model for the other countries to elaborate the cost effectiveness of the scheme (Hiten, Eric, & Dagna, 2013). Other countries shall be able to apply the model so as to affirm the effectiveness of the vaccinations and improve healthcare in the country. For the policy maker of Uganda the model can be altered to the specific conditions that prevail in Uganda and thus produce the results that shall be useful for the policy maker in Uganda to implement the vaccinations in the country. The conditions in the country shall be different as per the conditions in Pakistan and thus the vaccinations shall be done accordingly. The vaccinations in the country vary in every country regarding the medical conditions and the economic conditions of the country. In Uganda the economic conditions are different from Pakistan and so do the medical conditions. Due to the increasing medical care provision trends in Uganda the vaccinations provision rate in Uganda is higher than that in Pakistan. The increasing trend of medical care in the country has led to the increase in the vaccination coverage rate in Uganda that has gone beyond 12% and thus the impact of the vaccination shall be the same as in Pakistan as the vaccination is of same effect. The following table shows the incremental cost effectiveness ratio for pursuing a national vaccination strategy for Uganda. Probability of the patients seeking homecare The probability of the patients seeking home care shall be affected by the provision of the information regarding the medical care for public. The cost effectiveness of providing the vaccination and treatment of rotavirus shall only be affected when the homecare is enhanced and there are not much patients seeking government hospitals for medical care and are treated at home. The probability of seeking homecare when the person is affected is less than 50% in Uganda. Therefore the cost of the national vaccination program shall be increased in Uganda as in comparison with Pakistan because the number of patients seeking hospitalization is more. The following graph shows the comparative probabilities of patients seeking homecare in Pakistan and in Uganda. With the change in the probability of patients seeking homecare in Uganda the strategy of the national vaccination program shall be changed. There are relatively less patients in Uganda who seek for homecare and people prefer hospitalization and outpatients facilities where they can be vaccinated. The number of people preferring hospitalization and medical care through the hospitals are more and thus the vaccination strategy shall be to provide vaccination in hospitals as to reach maximum patients. Wastage rate With the implementation of the medical care facilities and better education of the hospital staff and the provision of the information to the respective personnel regarding the usage and storage of the vaccination the cost effectiveness of the vaccination shall be effected. Wastage rate in Pakistan is just 10% as in Uganda it is 50% and thus the increase in the cost effectiveness. The wastage rate of the vaccination shall be increasing the cost of vaccination and thus shall be concluding as less cost effective due to the increase in the wastage because of the improper storage. The reason of the wastage can be analyzed and monitored so as to minimize the wastage rate so the cost effectiveness of the national vaccination program become better and beneficial for the government and people of Uganda. The impact of the wastage rate shall affect the cost effectiveness of the program and thus decrease the cost effectiveness of the national vaccination program. The increased wastage rate of the vaccination shall alter the provision strategy, as reason of the increases wastage rate in Uganda is improper storage. Through provision of information and educating regarding the storage of the vaccination medicine the wastage rate can be controlled. The strategy shall be to provide vaccination through the hospitals, as there is more number of patients in the hospitals. Better storage facilities and better knowledge delivered regarding the storage of the vaccination shall be accounting for the altered strategy of the national vaccination program. Scaling up Costs The scaling up cost of the rotavirus shall effect the cost effectiveness of the national vaccination program as the general vaccination rate is scaled up to the vaccination of the specific virus. The scaling up cost in Uganda shall be at 1.5 and with the sensitivity range of scaling up cost shall be 0 to 5. The country shall be able to reduce this cost and shall be able to get the cost effectiveness of the national vaccination program better and thus provide a better-cost effectiveness. The scaling up cost of the general vaccinations shall be affecting the program effectiveness, as the general vaccination in Uganda will be playing a vital role in scaling up cost. However the scaling up cost shall be less than that in Pakistan and thus shall be improving the cost effectiveness of the national vaccination program in Uganda. With the decrease in the scaling cost of the vaccination program the program shall be implemented with a slight change. The strategy of the national vaccination program shall not be much affected by the strategy that is implemented in Pakistan, as there is not much change in the scaling up cost of vaccination. However with the provision of the general vaccination, which is the base of the vaccination program, the cost of providing rotavirus vaccination shall be less and the provision of the vaccination shall be conveniently done. Critical Review Gray A, Elbroune D., Dezateux C, King A, Quinn A, Gardner F and the United Kingdom Collaborative Hip Trial Group. J Bone Joint Surgery Am 87: 2472-2479, 2005. Grey et al elaborates in their article that how the Hip Dysplasia disease is analyzed economically in United Kingdom and Ireland based on the economic evaluation of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of the disease. With the number of people getting hip dysplasia the cost evaluation of the treatments of the patients shall be analyzed so as to affirm that whether the treatment of such disease shall impact the families and the economies of United Kingdom and Ireland. The economic evaluation of the disease is done where the analysis is done in to countries and based on the economic conditions of the countries and of the average families in both of the countries the cost of the treatments of this disease is analyzed and evaluated so as to better understand the impact of this disease. The article is based upon the research question regarding the economic impact of the clinical neonatal hip screening to the parents and the families. The cost of such evaluation and the impact of such screening is analyzed economically so as to determine the viability of the procedure regarding the treatment of the disease. The economic evaluation of ultrasonography for the diagnosis and management of neonatal hip instability is analyzed as well so as to evaluate its economic impact upon the families. The perspective of the author is to gather the interest of the audience, which are facing the Hip Dysplasia disease and are in the phase of opting the treating. The economic evaluation of the various techniques shows the costs of the treatments and how this should impact the normal household in United Kingdom and Ireland but this does not provide information regarding the effectiveness of the clinical procedures. The authors explains and evaluate the economic effects of the treatment of the disease so as to determine the costs and the impact of the cost on the economy and the household while considering different clinical treatments. The data provided in this article ranges from 1995 to 2005 and the analysis is done in 2002. The information gathered from various sources referenced totals to ten years. The cost and the utilization of the primary care units to the patients and to the families are analyzed. Various journals and references are utilized in order to gather the relevant information regarding the research in this article. The references include various medical and economical sources, which are effectively utilized in this article to elaborate the views of different people. Specific information regarding the analysis of hip dysplasia is done so as to determine the treatments. The treatments that are available to the disease is realized and analyzed economically using various economic and medical sources. The outcomes of the results are elaborately discussed through detailed analysis using tables and graphs. The author of the article explains that the clinical treatments and the ultrasonography in case of hip dysplasia does not implement any extra economic cost burden upon the families in the United Kingdom and in Ireland. The economic burden of the cost is realized in many perspectives as different costs are studied along with their impact. There are different costs that the authors have analyzed in explanation and in elaboration of his technique. The costs that are utilized in the analysis are the cost of primary care visits, hospital costs, unit cost and family costs and the total of all these costs are accumulated as the total cost in the article. The cost of using the primary care visits are analyzed through the fees and the time that the patient spend in there including medication that is to be done. The hospital cost includes all the expenditures that occur in the hospital regarding the treatments. Family cost includes all the expenses such as travel expenses, lost earnings, child-care costs, and estimates of expenditure on equipment or other items such as clothes or medical supplies associated with their infant’s hip instability. Unit cost includes the cost of the treatment units that the hospitals and the primary care units provide. The total cost is the accumulation of all the costs that are incurred. The presentation of the information is done by the means of table where different items are highlighted and the information is displayed in a benefiting and comparative manner. The use of the information is elaborated in simple language and there where no such jargons utilized in the article thus the provision of the information in the article is understandable to the targeted audiences, which are the members of the common households. The author elaborates clearly that the economic impact of the disease is not much costly and will not be providing cost burdens to the families and thus justifying the research question (Gray, et al., 2005). BI References Gray, A., Elbroune, D., Dezateux, C., A, K., Quinn, A., & Gardner, F. (2005). Economic Evaluation of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis and Management of Developmental Hip Dysplasia in the United Kingdom and Ireland . THE JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY , 87, 2472-2479. Hiten, D. P., Eric, T. R., & Dagna, O. C. (2013). Cost-effectiveness of a new rotavirus vaccination program in Pakistan: A decision tree model . Vaccine, 31(1), 6072-6078. Read More