International Business and Global Change - Essay Example

? International Business and Global Change International business helps to articulate capital flows, technological skills and even employment opportunities across the world. Intercontinental business is crucial in the globe of money-making affairs. This is the epoch of globalization and liberalization when almost all the companies and firms of the world are going global. Mechanized firms, companies involving arts, music and even the service firms like banks, insurance etc are all enlarging there branches across the world outside their domestic territory. The consumers experience variable choices of different goods and services. This paper throws light on the business of luxury cars. The essay takes into account a sample of 200 countries and then on basis of certain parameters it tries to find out the best markets for high end cars. Luxury car market comprises of the consumers who belong to the elite class of any society. This essay tries to identify the two most potential countries of the world that has the highest proportions of economically affluent people showing special interest in status symbol consumption. Introduction International business is imperative in the world of economic affairs (Moffett, n.d.). This is the era of globalization and liberalization when almost all the companies and firms of the world are going global (LOC, 2007). Manufacturing firms, companies involving arts, music and even the service firms like banks, insurance etc are all enlarging their branches across the world outside their domestic territory. International business help to articulate capital flows, technological skills and even employment opportunities across the world. The consumers experience variable choices of different goods and services. The market for goods and services expands in every country with open trading giving its consumers a wide variety of products. International trade also facilitates mobility of the workers in the labour market (Rutgers, 2001). The activity moves to a global level when there is reallocation of productive resources and facilitates preferential choices in business. To suffice the objectives of firms, organizations and people business houses are getting involved into cross border transactions. International businesses have various branches like management contracts, foreign trade, franchising, licensing and also involve foreign institutional investments. In the past 30 years the quantum of international trade has expanded in Billions. Global links have helped largely by improving the living standards and upgrading technology for business. The business and trade policies are now integrated together between nations. Like, if the coffee production changes in Brazil then it would affect economies and market all across the world. The sum of global business had fallen slightly around the year 2000 but has again started to grow with globalization accelerating. Trading blocks are formed with rationalization. There is a shift in the pattern of global trade between nations. From the period of 1960’s to 1990’s the requirement of manufactured goods in international trade was much greater than the necessity of raw inputs like rubber, jute. In the recent scenario, emerging economies in the world like BRICS are actively participating in the production of manufactured products. Service sector trading has also incremented in the current period (CIA, 2013). Developing counties like India have almost 30% of its GDP being contributed from the tertiary sector although it was previously a country with almost 80% of GDP coming from primary sector. The main purpose of the project is to understand the extent to which international business acts as a pivotal body of world economy. The trade outflows in an economy are very important to balance its trade account, at a macro level. On the other hand there are many companies operating in the domestic market that are not able to enjoy the fruits of economies of scale in production, with the help of international trade, they can do the following by expanding their market worldwide (LOC, 2007). The later is very important at the microeconomic level. It is only due to globalization that people of different economic status can get access to wide range of goods and services in the economy. The GDP of almost all the countries are growing and fighting hard with the recessionary trails of the market. If we consider 30 years back we see that there were rapid developments of infrastructure in almost all the trading nations. With the rise in per capita GDP living standards of individual have increased all over the world. The rising level of income has largely helped in the progress of literacy level in all countries. The immunization and health status of most of the nations have improved with the advances in medical facilities and treatments. There is an improvement in mortality, morbidity and death graphs across the world. A large variety of luxurious goods are consumed by the habitants of both developing and developed countries. The development in infrastructure and transport Automobile industry is enjoying its boom in the world economy. This project makes a study of this industry. The product under study is high end cars. The essay shows an overview of the current domestic and international market of high end cars. This is done by choosing a random sample of 200 countries in the world and finding the best two markets of the product in that sample. The selection is done on basis of parameters like income, infrastructure, and corporation tax, government policies, religious believe and culture believes public expenditure, income inequality and foreign trade. Lastly, the essay justifies the ways in which these two potential markets can be exploited (Hagtved and Patrick, 2009). Overview of current domestic and international market of high end cars In the recent estimation of 2013 it is observed that the market for luxury goods the greatest contribution comes from the automobile industry where high end cars comprise the greatest share (PRLOG, 2013). The segment of high end cars has gone through great changes in the recent years. In the recent trends companies like Audi and BMW are downsizing or filtering the market for luxury cars. The growth in the economy is increasing the consumption expenditures of individuals as their purchasing power is increasing. The producers of luxury cars are also enjoying fruits of the growing market demand. The demand for high end cars in poor and declining markets of euro zone are overcompensated by newly growing economies like economies of India, China and Brazil. The Chinese luxury car market is now growing at such a great pace that it is believed by 2017 it will out pass many other industries. The recent leading manufacturing firms in the world constitute the luxury car producers like Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, BMW, Rolls-Royce, Lamborghini etc (LOC, 2004). All of them are working successfully in competitive markets of the globe. As estimated on 2010 the sales of Mercedes Benz is 7040, Volvo is 3996, BMW 19272, Land Rover is 2958 and Lexus has sales as high as 21091(Cain, 2013). The uses of these expensive cars are growing because of improvement in the infrastructure of almost all economies in the world. Tentatively the world economy may be at good progressing pace but 2012 seem to be the best year for the market of luxury cars. The luxury car market in America is growing up faster than the other Luxury car markets as estimated in 2013 (Cain, 2013). The sale of luxury cars as estimated has increased in April 2013. BMW, Jaguar, Volvo, Porsche etc. are enjoying the growing markets and their sales as on April 2013 have increased by 13.5% (Cain, 2013). U.S. economy is known all over the world for its strong industrial growth and hence always seems to be a good luxury car market for all sellers. Ranking Luxury car April 2013 (YTD) Change in % April 2013 2013 2 BMW 3209 -17.6% 871 68.8% 3 Jaguar 2608 29.8% 709 54.5% 1 Porsche 3613 16.8% 891 -18.3% 5 Volvo 706 -17.7% 184 10.8% (Source: Cain, 2013) The above table shows that the sales turnover has been best for BMW in America. The minimum sales takes place has taken place in Porsche. Over 150000 consumers have proved to potential buyers of luxury cars in America as estimated in 2011 in a report named ‘Luxury Automotive Outlook’ (Moreno, 2012). Though the best year of sales is 2008 but still is was estimated that in the first quarter of 2011 the sale of luxury car is U.S. has increased by 14.8% (Blackburn, 2004). The best selling luxury car was Lexus for a long decade in US but in 2011 it has been achieved by BMW whose sales have incremented by 11%. In 2012 it is found that the sales of Mercedes Benz have increased by 16% in U.S. market. Mercedes Benz has greater sales that BMW for about 2000 cars. Analysts also predict that Lexus sales have fallen in due course of Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan. Being a strong progressing nation it is believed that soon the company will overcome these shocks and start incrementing their sales. Business of Luxury Cars Developed Verses Developing Economies The essay takes into account a sample of 200 countries in the world mentioned in Appendix 2. The second Appendix only contains GDP per capita as it is the major influencing factor affecting of the business of luxury cars. Inclusion of all the 200 countries will make the investigation blurred. If the countries are selected in random then some potential economies may be overlooked. An initial screening has been done by simply segregating any random sample of 200 countries in the world into Developed and Developing. Then the report tries to analyse the business of high end cars by judging it on basis of certain parameters like income, public expenditure, corporation tax, government policies, social and religious believes, urbanization, foreign trade, transportation and infrastructure. Developed countries are those countries that are characterised by high Gross Domestic Product in their economies. The major sector of these countries is industrial sector. The level of per capita real GDP is high and income inequality is narrow (Ruth, 2012).The proportions of workforce who are unemployed is less. Public expenditures in health, economy and welfare aspects are substantial. Most of the economic parameters are good in these countries. One group of developed countries who are the ‘Asian Tigers’ like Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. The developing economies are those who are still not fully developed but have resources and potentiality to progress in near future. The developing countries have low income level in terms of GDP in PPP and also have low level of per capita income. The public expenditure incurred in these nations is substantially less. These countries have high birth and death rates. The level of income inequality is high resulting to widely practiced corruption in these countries. It can be virtually analysed that since the target customers of high end luxury cars are the elite class so it seems that probably any two markets from the developed countries will prove to be the best for the luxury cars. The report first emphasises on certain random parameters on which the market of high end cars can depend. Income of a country as a whole shows the level of wealth a nation acquires. A rich country like U.K. should have many potential buyers of luxury cars unlike a poor nation like Bhutan. Sometimes the level of income inequality is also vital, like in Dubai although the level of total countries GDP is substantial but there is high inequality of income in this nation. It may seem that the country is rich so it will serve a good market for luxury cars but in reality the high level of income accrues to only a small share of the total strength of population. Then a country’s per capita income can also be high even if there is low level of National Product and high inequality; this is the case in Sri Lanka where the public expenditure is substantial in all the productive sectors of the economy. The level of government intervention also influences the disposable income of the common mass. Suppose if the corporation tax rate set by the government is high that would reduce the level of spendable income of the buyers of luxury cars. The rate of industrialization largely depends on the type of government policies. If the government policies are designed against establishments of luxury industry in a country then they often set high excise taxes on the industry producers operating within the domestic boundary of the country. The level of urbanization can also be a good parameter to judge the market of luxury cars. It has been empirically established long back by Lewis that if there is rapid industrialization in an economy then it will result in extensive rural urban migration (LOC, 2004). It is logical to analyse that the level of urbanized life style in an economy is directly proportional to the sales of luxury cars in it. Luxury cars are best suited for cities with smooth and clean roads and modern infrastructural setup. Better the infrastructure of a country better is the communication and transportation facilities in it. If a country’s transportation system is good then it is obvious that high end cars will be having a higher demand. People will never show greater eagerness to purchase extensively expensive cars in a place that has rugged roads and poor transportation system. A nation in the modern world of globalization will only succeed if it involves in international business. Greater the level of trade greater will be the level of investments and with rise in investments the income of an economy will always show an improvement in the level of income. Finally cultural and religious variables are often found to influence the economic markets of many products. For example the business of spirits runs successfully all over the world but despite the strong population strength, Muslim countries are not good markets for alcohol producing firms this is because drinking alcohol is against the principle of Islamic religion. There can be innumerable factors that can influence the business of luxury car producers in an economy this essay only focuses on a few of them. The Two Best Markets In order to make estimation about the best two markets of luxury cars this paper selects a sample of 12 countries where 6 nations are developed and 6 countries are developing. In the section of developed countries the countries that are selected are Norway, Australia, U.S, Canada, Hong Kong and Taiwan In the group of developing nations the paper takes into account nations like Bangladesh, India, Mexico and China, Egypt and Cameroon. The essay throws a light in the economies of the 12 countries included in the sample. Norway has a rich and affluent mixed economy and is known all over the world for its steady growth. It has a vivacious private sector, a large public segment and considerably good social wellbeing network. The state takes the core important sector like petroleum in its control through regulations and policies. The economy is rich in reserves of natural resources, fuel, fisheries, mineral deposits and hydropower. It has proved its mark in the world market by being the seventh largest exporter of oil and the third largest seller of natural gas. Thus it is evident that with sustainable level of development a large section of people living in Norway are well equipped financially to serve a good market of high end cars. The situation in Australia is almost same; this country has minor scales of unemployment. Rather it has a steady growth with a very sound financial system. The level of public debt is low in Australia. Averaging almost to 3.5% Australia has experienced continuous economic growth for the last 20 years. This country entails a large service sector as almost 70% of its GDP comes from this sector. So Australian people have a high standard of living and thus can always be good buyers of high end cars. The sample then has U.S in its list where it can be said that although this nation has modern technological skills but still it experiences a dual labour market. This market has a section of affluent buyers who can be good buyers of luxury cars but the other section of people contains the low income group whose sustainability are still now matters of the state. U.S. economy as Australia and Norway is not steady but it is growing substantially. Germany is another rich nation with growing income, the economy of Germany is considered to be the fifth largest in the globe when estimated in terms of Purchasing Power Parity. The sample of developed countries also includes two highly progressed Asian tigers Hon Kong and Taiwan. Though it is believed by International Monetary Fund that its liberal policies have resulted in speedy growth of these nations but still these economies have comparative advantage over the production of a wide range of goods and services. The economic crisis of 2008 had created a detrimental impact to the economies of all these nations but still with constant involvement in international trade they have accelerated there growth once again. It is evident apparently that the best 2 markets of high end cars will be within the 6 developed nations taken in the sample. But still since the target market of high end cars is only the elite class in any economy the sample also includes nations like India, Bangladesh who are nations with poor standard of living, high income inequality and considerable fiscal debt. India is perhaps now a known all over the world for its emerging growth and is included in the group of BRICS that are estimated to be the leading economies in the globe by 2050. Egypt is now trying hard to attract foreign investments for a growth of its GDP but the overall standard of people living in this nation is highly differentiating. The country of Mexico has almost 1/3 income to that of U.S. The section of people urbanized in this country is meagre. The economic status of Cameroon is somewhat similar to that of Mexico. China is a socialistic market economy and has the largest growth of over 10% all over the world (Langfitt, 2013). The economy has one drawback of having a large population so sometimes the level of growth is retarded for this reason. It is a country involving massive import and export levels when considered in the grounds of foreign trade. In order to analyse the two best economies in terms of high end cars market the paper analyses four explanatory variables that can significantly explain the market for high end cars. When this essay analyses the impact of sales in high end cars on each parameter then it assumes the effect of other variables as given. The first variable taken into consideration is the GDP in terms of purchasing power parity measured in terms of US Dollar. The value of all the goods and services that are finally produced in the economy within the domestic territory of a country is termed as its GDP (Fullcoll, n.d.). The comparative value of different currencies is estimated in terms of Purchasing Power Parity. Greater the value of GDP in PPP of a country higher is the purchasing power of that economy. High end car is basically status symbol luxury product. A wealthy economy is likely to consume more of status symbol goods like luxury cars. So the sale of high end cars is directly proportional to the GDP in PPP of that economy. The nest variable selected is per capita GDP measured in PPP. In general higher the level income in a country greater is the value of income earned by each individual. Thus if in an economy the level of GDP per capita is high then people have greater purchasing power so the sale of high end cars is also directly proportional to its value. A country with high per capita income may have agriculture as the primary sector; provided it is sufficiently modernized. Then the rate of urbanization in that nation will be low. When the strength of people living in urban areas are less then market of luxury cars in that economy will also be weak. Finally the rate of corporation tax set by the government of a country is a good indicator of the sales of high end cars. Unlike other this parameter is inversely related to the value of luxury cars business in an economy. If the government of a nation sets very high rate of corporate tax then the business firms will cease to expand its business in that nation. Thus it is likely to analyse that the business of high end cars will be less in a nation where the rate of corporate tax is very high. The paper has not taken into account subjective measures like infrastructure, social and cultural believes, public expenditures etc in this analysis as it is estimated that the impact of sales in luxury cars is likely to be influenced by the first four variables more than the rests. It can be clearly analysed from the data given in Appendix 1 that one of the best markets of high end cars is U.S. this is because it has the highest GDP in PPP (15.94 trillion) when compared to the rest of the 11 economies. It is also observed that the GDP per capita of U.S. is higher than the rest of the countries. This economy also has a substantial rate of urbanization as high as 82%. The rate of corporation tax is also high but higher GDP, GDP per capita income and urbanization outweighs the impact of the former. The second best market of high end cars is Hong Kong the level of income in this country is less than many other economies included in the sample. Still then it is considered to be the best as because the per capita income of this country is third highest. The level of urbanization is 100% in this nation. It can be analysed that the level of income is less in this country because the population is low compared to the other countries as it is a small nation. The level of urbanization is 100% in Hong Kong showing that almost the entire population lives in cities then it is obvious the level of business of automobile industry as a whole is high in this nation. Thus it is also a good market of high end cars. Thus as per the details analyses the best two countries that serves good markets of high end cars are U.S and Hong Kong. Analysing Best two Markets As recorded in 2011 Mercedes Benz has sparked a sales figure of 562 passenger cars and 4600 private cars in Hong Kong (Crebo-Rediker, 2013). Macau has a sales figure of 67% as estimated in 2010. Luxury cars are facing record sales in Hong Kong. The market is now strongly competing with the growing demand of China for luxury cars. The buyer’s cars in Hong Kong seem to be tempted by the variations in high end cars; they are highly brand conscious consumers. The companies of high end cars are trying to accelerate further demand by enhancing the excellence, fashion and safety measures offered in the various models. The sales of luxury cars is best in U.S., it is as high as 400000 as estimated in quarter one 2013 (Forbes, 2012). Amongst the large variety of high end cars Mercedes Benz rules the U.S. market (Rushe, 2013). The rich potential buyers crowed across the innumerable luxury car exhibitions held in United States. It seems these two economies comprising rich economic reserves will be consistent in the sales of luxury cars (Consumer Reports, 2013). It is possible to outbreak these economies by high end cars sales only if the other countries can improve their per capita income of the natives. Rise in purchasing power can only break the barriers giving way to increase the market demand for such an expensive product. Conclusion Luxury car is a status symbol good in nature. The potential consumers of these cars behave in almost a perfectly inelastic pattern with respect to changes in prices. Thus these goods do not follow the general theories of demand and supply laws in economics (Sultan, 2011). It is estimated that for such status symbol goods the quantity demanded always increases with rise in their price levels. Thus those counties who are rich in income can only serve better markets for this classy product. As per the details analyses the best two countries that serve good markets of high end cars are U.S and Hong Kong. These are the countries that prove to preserve the greatest shares of elite class consumers who are potential buyers of high end cars. They are the best business markets in the chosen sample of 200 nations for luxury cars. Reference List Blackburn, S., 2004. A Case Study. [online] Available at: [Accessed 19 June 2013]. Cain, T., 2013. U.S. Luxury Car Sales Rankings By Model - Top 56 Best-Selling Luxury Car Sales In America - Every Luxury Car Ranked. [online] Available at: l [Accessed 18 June 2013]. CIA, 2013. The World Factbook. [online] Available at: [Accessed 18 June 2013]. Consumer Reports, 2013. Luxury car buying guide. [online] Available at: [Accessed 19 June 2013]. Crebo-Rediker, H. 2013. Think Asia, Think Hong Kong. [online] Available at: [Accessed 19 June 2013]. Forbes, 2012. Luxury Automotive outlook. [pdf] Available at: [Accessed 19 June 2013]. Fullcoll, No Date. GDP Definition. [online] Available at: [Accessed 19 June 2013]. Hagtved, H. and Patrick, V. M., 2009. The broad embrace of luxury: Hedonic potential as a driver of brand extendibility. [pdf] Available at: http://www.bauer.uh.edu/vpatrick/docs/The%20Broad%20Embrace%20of%20Luxury.pdf> [Accessed 19 June 2013]. Langfitt, F., 2013. China's 'Shadow Banking' And How It Threatens The Economy. [online] Available at: [Accessed 19 June 2013]. LOC, 2004. Modern Global Automobile Industry. [online] Available at: [Accessed 18 June 2013]. LOC, 2007. International Trade & Global Commerce. [online] Available at: [Accessed 18 June 2013]. Moffett, C. R., n.d. International Business. [ppt] Available at: www.siue.edu/~akutan/mba532/ch01.ppt [Accessed 18 June 2013]. ? Moreno, H. 2012. Good Call on the Luxury Car Market. [online] Available at: [Accessed 18 June 2013]. Populstat, 2012a. TAIWAN general data of the country. [online] Available at: [Accessed 19 June 2013]. Populstat, 2012b. EGYPT general data of the country. [online] Available at: < http://www.populstat.info/Africa/egyptg.htm> [Accessed 19 June 2013]. PRLOG, 2013. Global Luxury Car Market: Trends & Opportunities (2012-2017) – New Report by Daedal Research. [online] Available at: [Accessed 18 June 2013]. Rushe, D., 2013. US auto industry back on track but luxury cars keep richest in the fast lane. [online] Available at: [Accessed 19 June 2013]. Rutgers, 2001. Intrenational Business. [ppt] Available at: [Accessed 18 June 2013]. Ruth, D., 2012. Economic and social growth of developing nations may increase obesity, says new rice university study. [online] Available at: [Accessed 19 June 2013]. Sultan, A. L., 2011, The impact of customer relationship marketing in the luxury retail market of kuwait:a thematic analysis. [online] Available at: [Accessed 19 June 2013]. Appendix 1: List of Countries Country GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) 2012 in $ GDP per capita (Purchasing Power Parity) 2012 in $ Urbanization Rate in Total Population in % Corporate Tax in % as estimated on 2013 Norway 281.7 Billion 55900 79 28 Australia 986.7 Billion 43300 89 30 U.S. 15.94 Trillion 50700 82 40 Canada 1.513 Trillion 43400 81 26 Hong King 375.5 Billion 52300 100 16.5 Taiwan 918.3 Billion 39400 75 17 Bangladesh 311 Billion 2100 28.4 27.5 India 4.761 Trillion 3900 31.3 32.45 Mexico 1.788 Trillion 15600 78 30 China 12.61 Trillion 9300 50.5 25 Egypt 548 Billion 6700 45 25 Cameroon 51.61 Billion 2400 52.1 38.5 Source: (Populstat, 2012a; Populstat, 2012b; CIA, 2013) The countries eliminated. The countries selected. Appendix 2: List of all 200 countries Country GDP Per Capita  Afghanistan 1,399  Albania 9,443  Algeria 8,515  Angola 6,105  Antigua and Barbuda 19,964  Argentina 12,034  Armenia 6,645  Australia 43300  Austria 43,324  Azerbaijan 10,624  Bahamas, The 31,629  Bahrain 23,886  Bangladesh 2100  Barbados 18,805  Belarus 15,579  Belgium 38,884  Belize 7,529  Benin 1,583  Bhutan 6,699  Bolivia 5,281  Bosnia and Herzegovina 9,235  Botswana 16,986  Brazil 11,909  Brunei 53,348  Bulgaria 15,933  Burkina Faso 1,513  Burundi 560  Cambodia 2,494  Cameroon 2400  Canada 43400  Cape Verde 4,430  Central African Republic 857  Chad 1,493  Chile 22,655  China 9300  Colombia 10,587  Comoros 1,230  Congo, Dem. Rep. 422  Congo, Rep. 4,426  Costa Rica 12,943  Cote d'Ivoire 2,039  Croatia 20,532  Cyprus 30,597  Czech Republic 26,426  Denmark 41,388  Djibouti 2,784  Dominica 12,643  Dominican Republic 10,204  Ecuador 9,738  Egypt 6700  El Salvador 7,069  Equatorial Guinea 30,233  Eritrea 566  Estonia 23,024  Ethiopia 1,139  European Union 33,014  Fiji 4,943  Finland 38,230  France 35,845  Gabon 16,086  Gambia, The 1,948  Georgia 5,902  Germany 40,394  Ghana 2,048  Greece 24,667  Grenada 10,827  Guatemala 5,100  Guinea 1,069  Guinea-Bissau 1,192  Guyana 3,399  Haiti 1,228  Honduras 4,194  Hong Kong 52300  Hungary 21,570  Iceland 37,533  India 3900  Indonesia 4,956  Iran 11,395  Iraq 4,246  Ireland 42,662  Israel 28,809  Italy 32,512  Jamaica 7,083  Japan 35,204  Jordan 6,148  Kazakhstan 13,892  Kenya 1,761  Kiribati 2,461  Korea, South 30,722  Kuwait 49,001  Kyrgyzstan 2,409  Laos 2,926  Latvia 21,005  Lebanon 14,610  Lesotho 1,963  Liberia 655  Libya 17,665  Lithuania 23,487  Luxembourg 88,318  Macau 87,765  Macedonia 11,710  Madagascar 978  Malawi 902  Malaysia 17,143  Maldives 9,072  Mali 1,214  Malta 29,013  Mauritania 2,603  Mauritius 15,649  Mexico 15600  Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 3,824  Moldova 3,424  Mongolia 5,462  Montenegro 14,206  Morocco 5,193  Mozambique 1,024  Namibia 7,488    Nepal 1,484  Netherlands 42,938  New Zealand 31,499  Nicaragua 4,072  Niger 665  Nigeria 2,661  Norway 55900  Oman 27,015  Pakistan 2,891  Palau 19,031  Panama 16,615  Papua New Guinea 2,898  Paraguay 6,138  Peru 10,940  Philippines 4,413  Poland 21,903  Portugal 25,305  Qatar 86,507  Romania 16,518  Russia 23,549  Rwanda 1,354  Saint Kitts and Nevis 18,034  Saint Lucia 11,146  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 10,987  Samoa 4,517  Sao Tome and Principe 1,852  Saudi Arabia 24,571  Senegal 1,944  Serbia 11,544  Seychelles 27,008  Sierra Leone 1,359  Singapore 61,803  Slovakia 24,896  Slovenia 26,801  Solomon Islands 3,127  South Africa 11,440  Spain 32,129  Sri Lanka 6,247  Sudan 2,195  Suriname 8,858  Swaziland 5,246  Sweden 42,217   Switzerland 52,063  Syria 5,436  Tajikistan 2,247  Tanzania 1,601  Thailand 9,815  Timor-Leste 1,709 Taiwan 39400  Tonga 5,026  Trinidad and Tobago 26,647  Tunisia 9,795  Turkey 17,651  Turkmenistan 10,583  Uganda 1,352  Ukraine 7,418  United Arab Emirates 42,384  United Kingdom 35,819  United States 50700  Uruguay 16,037  Uzbekistan 3,591  Vanuatu 4,606  Venezuela 13,475  Vietnam 3,635  World 12,139  Yemen 2,489  Zambia 1,712 Anguilla 12,200 Aruba 25,300 Bahamas, The 31,900 Belarus 15,900 Bermuda 8,900 British Virgin Island 42,300 Cayman Islands 43,800 Cook Islands 9,100 Curacao 15,000 Faroe Islands 30,500 Gibraltar 43,000 Gautemala 5,300 Guernsey 44,600 Gasa Strip 4,870 Vatican City 25,500 Tuvalu 6,070 Source: (CIA, 2013) The countries eliminated. 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