Importance of Multimedia and Internet - Assignment Example

Name of Student Course Subject Course Professor Date Answers to Summary Questions Lecture 1: Intro to multimedia and the internet Questions Answers 1. Why is multimedia useful? Multimedia is useful because it facilitates delivery of information and integration of information and allows its users to interact with it. It allows users to use of their senses allowing them to remember easily what they are seeing. It is easy to use, user can interact with it at his own pace and its more fun to use making it more efficient form of information tool. 2. What are the 5 components of multimedia? Text, graphics, video, sound and animation are the five components of multimedia. 3. Who coined the term “hypertext”? Nelson coined the term hypertext in 1987. 4. Why is hypertext important to multimedia? Hypertext is important to multimedia because it allows the process of linking of multimedia making it interactive. 5. List some applications of multimedia Multimedia is applied in business, education, entertainment, and health,. Product demonstrations, Catalogues, presentations, training, marketing, product demonstrations, databases, catalogues and networked communication comprise its business applications. Involving students with the subject using interactive media is its application in education. Its power of simulation makes it an effective application in entertainment. Simulators in the health industry such as endoscopy facilitate the practice of medical procedures, eliminating live patient experiments and allowing medical students to learn and practice procedures. Lecture 2: Internet Questions-Internet Answers 1. What is the internet? The internet is widest network of computers in the world. 2. Why was the internet developed? The internet was developed initially to (1) share research between military, industry and universities and to (2) enable messages to be communicated even if parts of the network was destroyed in the event of war or nuclear attack. 3. What is the World Wide Web? 4. Why made the internet successful? What are some of the problems? The internet has changed the manner of access to information and communication. Email systems, protocols, e-commerce, 2-way communication and LANs made the internet a success by offering efficient and quick way to communicate shop and organise. Security, packet switching technology for voice and video not ideal for real time transmission and competing systems across regions are the problems encountered with the internet. The Europeans for example are trying to have their own system. 5. What is the difference between the Internet and the WWW? The internet is the connectivity of networks of computers while the world wide web or WWW is an application on the internet that uses internet protocol. Questions-HTML Answers 6. What is HTML? Hyper Text Markup Language or HTML is the most popular language for creating web pages that allows web developers to produce pages or documents on the web to include text, graphics, sound, animation and video. It uses variety of tags and attributes to layout web documents. 7. Give an example of a paired tag and a single tag. Example of paired tag: A big heading Example of a single tag: 8. Which browser is best? In theory any browser will show HTML documents correctly. However, in reality different browsers display HTML differently. Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer are two browsers that are best for HTML viewing. Lecture 3: Design Questions Answers 1. What are the main differences between HTML and XHTML? Properly nested elements, well formed documents, lower case tags and closed elements are the main different between HTML and XHTML. 2. What are the three main stages of the web development process (as discussed in ICT108)? Planning, strategies and testing are the three phases of web development process. 3. What is a metaphor? A tool in content analysis in multimedia project. It provides a link between knowledge and representation of that knowledge in a computer thereby creating an interest and understanding of a topic. 4. Why would you avoid using too much red on a web page? Using too much red on a web page might irritate the eyes of viewers which would result to them not wanting to look at the website. 5. What is “negative space” and why is it important? Negative or white space is a left over space an object occupies in a website. It can account for more or less of the design. Lecture 4: Graphics Questions Answers 1. What is the visible region of an electromagnetic field? 400 to 700 nanometers wherein colour is the frequency of a light wave within this narrow band. 2. How do we see colour? Through the cornea of the eye which acts as lens to focus light rays onto the retina consequently stimulating specialized light sensitive receptor nerves in the surface of the retina. 3. What is deuteranopia? Eyesight condition where a person has difficulty differentiating between the colours reds, greens and yellows but can differentiate between colours blues and yellows. 4. What are some types of computer graphics? Drawings, pictures and photographs, charts and graphs, clip art, icons, maps, screen prints, digital photographs, and digitalized pictures and photographs. 5. How many bits in a byte? A total of 8 bits comprise a byte. 6. Name 2 colour schemes? RGB colour scheme composed of red, green and blue. CMY colour scheme composed of cyan, magenta and yellow. 7. What is a hex? A shorthand for binary notation consisting of 16 unique symbols from numbers 0 to 9 and letters A to F. 8. How many bits in a hex? One hex is equivalent to 4 bits. 9. What are the two main types of graphic formats? Bitmap and vector graphics. Bitmap is larger than vector. 10. What are the two main types of compression? Lossless and lossy are the two main types of compression. The former eliminates redundant data. The latter lost data that doesn’t matter too much. 11. What are the advantages of jpg vs gif? Unlike gif, jpg is better in displaying natural, complex images. It is always in full 24 bit colour. Its size is significantly smaller compared to GIF. Lecture 5: Audio Questions Answers 1. How do we hear? We hear when two or more objects collide that release waves of energy changing the surrounding air pressure creating a sound such as clapping of hands. 2. What is sound? Music, special effects or spoken words are types of sounds used in multimedia. It is one tool of multimedia that is appealing and influential for its reception since it can help stimulate emotion of a person. 3. Where is the sound interpreted? Sound is interpreted in the brain in terms of pitch, loudness, and timbre. 4. What are the two characteristics of a waveform? The two characteristics of waveform are frequency and amplitude. The former determines the pitch of a sound while the latter is the height of a sound wave at a particular time. 5. How do you digitise sound? Sampling, storing, file formats, streaming, MIDI, editing and playback are the processes in which sound is digitised. 6. What is the sampling rate? Sampling rate is the frequency or how many times a sample sound is taken. It is measured in Hertz or number of samples per second. 7. What is the Nyquist Theorem? Unique reconstruction of waveform of analogue signal can be possibly reconstructed without error using samples derived from an equal intervals of time. 8. What sampling frequency would you use for speech? CD? The sampling frequency used for speech is 11.025 kHz and 44.1 kHz for CD. 9. What is an uncompressed format of a sound file? Wave doesn’t use any compression techniques. 10. What sort of compression is an MP3 file? MP3 file uses a lossy compression technique wherein some data are lost however the loss in quality is not noticeable. 11. What sort of compression does streaming does? Streaming uses a lossy compression reducing a file by a factor of 100. Lecture 6: Video Animation Questions-Animation Answers 1. What is animation? A series of images that generates the impression or illusion of motion particularly in games and entertainment as well as in education and training. 2. What perceptual phenomenon does animation rely on? Persistence of vision has made animation possible. Flashes of a series of progressive images or vision allow the mind to see the illusion of motion. 3. What makes a 2D image appear 3D? Adding depth to a 2D image makes it appear as a 3D image. Adding texture and shades to it gives the illusion of depth. 4. What are four types of animation? Frame, vector, computational and morphing animations are the four types of animation that can be created on the computer. Frame animation is a cell based animation ; vector is a path based animation; computational animation move objects across the screen by varying their coordinates; and morphing is a contraction of an image where one image is gradually turned into another. 5. What is a CODEC? CODEC is a technology that uses compression and decompression of data like audio, animation or video. 6. What is dirty rectangle optimisation? It is a method of cropping frames in a GIF animation into their smallest rectangle reducing it to 7.5K. Questions-Video Answers 7. What is video? Video is multimedia that includes graphics, sounds, text and animation making a presentation stimulating, colourful and realistic. It is the process of taking continuous motion breaking it into frames. 8. What three concepts do we need to consider when deciding on compressing video? Ratio, quality and speed are the three concepts that have to be considered in compressing a video. Compression ratio is the size of the original image in relation to the size of the compressed image. Quality of the final product depends on the frequency of compression. Speed of compression or decompression depends on the size of file. 9. What is strobing? It is individual frames seen when images are displayed longer than 1/48 seconds. 10. What is streaming? A technique for transferring data to process it at a steady and continuous stream. 11. What is the difference between motion JEPF and MPEG? Motion JPEG is the process of separate compression of videos while MPEG is a group of individuals and organisations that codes moving pictures and audios associated with it. The former individually compress the video frames using the compression standard of jpeg. It does not do compression between frames making it possible to edit files in individual frames without losing image quality. 12. When would it be appropriate to use a non-smooth or slow progression of frames in a video? If your machine requires the data more quickly than necessary thereby needing enough space for buffer in saving he excess data. Markup Questions-Video Answers 1. Acronyms: SGML, DTD< XML, PCDATA, CSS, XHTML, SVG SGML- Standard Generalised Markup Language DTD- Document Type Definition XML-Extensible Markup Language PCDATA- Parsed Character Data CSS- Cascading Style Sheets XHTML-Extensible Hyper Text Markup Language SVG-Scalable Vector Graphics 2. Why was SGML not used for authoring pages on the web? SGML is a very complex and difficult language to write or author pages on the web. 3. What type of markup language is XML?? XML is a descriptive markup language. 4. What are 3 DTD? 3 DTD are internal, external and a combination of internal and external. 5. What are the advantages of using HTML? HTML is a generic code that works with or interpreted by other browsers or applications. It allows simple use of the rules of SGML. It allows formatting of print documents for viewing on computer screens. 6. What are the advantages of using XHTML? XHTML directly represents a document’s structure such as heading levels and lists of paragraphs. It posses the many elements as HTML. 7. What are the advantages of using XML? XML allows indention of elements showing their relationships such as title, author, number of stanzas, etc. XML can define your own markup tags It is based on SGML geared specifically for web based documents. It answers the limitation of HTML & XHTML in developing large websites. It is a flexible language enabling organisations to develop more sophisticated documents and exchange complex data on the web. XML is a license free, platform independent and well supported. Allows a particular industry group to define its own meaning and way of processing structured data. Allows a way of exchanging the same data between people. Allows extractions of all addresses from varied resumes. Functionality Questions-Video Answers 1. Why would we use CSS? -What is a selector? -What is a declaration? We use cascading style sheets or CSS since it define the presentation and layout of a website to describe the formatting and presentation aspects of the document. A selector is a part of a rule in cascading style sheets that tells a browser what element of a page is governed by a particular rule or instructions. A declaration is the 2nd part of a rule in cascading style sheets that provides values for visual properties. It is enclosed in curly brackets. 2. What is the advantage of JavaScript over Java? Java script is designed to extend the control of web pages making it interactive by scripting language based on objects unlike Java which is an object oriented full programming language. It does not need a compiler unlike Java. 3. What is advantage of Java or JavaScript? Java can do anything that a programming language can do since it is a full object based programming language and it is an independent platform unlike JavaScript. 4. What type of language is JavaScript? Java script is a scripting language based on objects. 5. In JavaScript, are the following objects, properties, methods and events or event handlers: -onclick, submit, bgColor, window, mouseover Submit and mouseover are events. Window is an object. bgColor is a property. Onclick is an event handler Publishing Questions-Video Answers 1. Describe some methods of promoting your pages. URL in email signatures, linking your site to another site, joining a webring, and posting messages in newsgroups or mailing lists are the methods of advertising your pages. 2. What is the reason for having a title tag? Title tag displays the title bar of your browser when loading a page. It becomes the default web page. 3. What are the two types of m eta tags? Keywords and descriptive are two types of meta tags. The former allows provision of additional text for crawler based search engine indexes. The latter allows a brief description of your page. 4. What is metadata? Metadata is a data about a data. 5. What are some ways of improving the position of your pages on search engines? Avoid frames, register your domain name, use meta tags, using keywords, getting reciprocal links, avoiding invisible keywords and tricks, and being aware of click popularity and stickiness are the ways to improve the position of your web page in search engines. Copyright Questions-Video Answers 1. What material does copyright protect? Literary works, dramatic works, musical works, and artistic works are materials that have copyright protection. 2. How do you get copyright protection? You only get automatic copyright protection in Australia if the materials you want to copyright are original, fixed in material form, made by a qualified person i.e. Australian citizen and published in Australia. 3. What is fair dealing (or fair use)? Fair dealing principle allows the copy and use of copyrighted materials for free specifically for research, review, news reporting and legal advice. 4. What is the difference between assigning and licensing copyright? In assigning a copyright you are surrendering your copyright of a material to another person or organisation. Licensing a copyright does not transfer ownership; instead it entitles a person or an organisation to use the material for activities that is covered by the licensing agreement. 5. What is the name of the Law in Australia that determines copyright regulations on the internet? The Digital Agenda Act which amends the Copyright Act. It took effect on March 4, 2001. 6. What are surface and deep linking? Surface linking is copying the text of a URL to the homepage of another site. Deep linking is copying the text of a URL to the website of another thereby taking the user deep into that site bypassing the navigation structure of that site. 7. What is framing? A situation wherein websites employ their own frames to present information from other websites surrounded by their own advertisements and logos. 8. What is cyber squatting? Cyber squatting is the use, traffic or registration of a domain name to take advantage of the popularity of another company’s brand before that company registers it. Thus, it forces such company to pay them large amounts to buy the domain from them. Read More