Classful IP Addressing - Coursework Example

ful IP addressing By Insert here al affiliation Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 MENT OF THE PROBLEM 3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3 CONCISE ANALYSIS AND MAIN CONCLUSIONS 4 TECHNICAL DETAILS (INCLUDING ANY ASSUMPTIONS) 4 What is an IP Address (Internet Protocol Address), is an exclusive number all information technology devices (printers, routers, modems, et al) use, which identifies and allows them the ability to communicate with each other on a computer network. 4 BUSINESS IMPACT 6 [1] Internet-II 1997. Big fast routers: Multi-megapacket forwarding engines for Internet II. In Proceedings of Networld (Interop ’97). 7 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The task requires assigning IP addresses to multiple hosts on different local area networks to form a wide area network for the ABC Company. The main job would be developing a classful IP addressing scheme for the hosts and assigning correct subnets to all the devices in the three cities. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABC upper management is widget maker and seller. The company has two branches located in different cities. The headquarters is located in San Francisco while the branches are located in Huston and Denver. The headquarters is connected to the other locations through WAN links. The headquarters has 20 hosts. Denver has two LAN networks that are Administration and Sales force. Both the Administration and Sales force LAN have 10 hosts. Huston also has two LAN networks, namely Administration and Sakes force. Both the LANs have 10 hosts. IP ADDRESSING TABLE Location Number of IP Addresses Required San Francisco (Headquarters) 20 hosts Denver (Branch 1)   Administration (LAN 1) 10 hosts Sales Force (LAN 2) 10 hosts Houston (Branch 2)   Administration (LAN 1) 10 hosts Sales Force (LAN2) 10 hosts The task would require three routers each having a private IP address. Each router IP address would be sub netted into the required number of IP address according to the number of available hosts. Each of the departments would be allocated a specific range of the sub netted IP address and in turn the hosts would be assigned specific IP addresses either dynamically or statically. CONCISE ANALYSIS AND MAIN CONCLUSIONS It’s through assigning different IP addresses to multiple hosts on different local area networks that we achieved to form a wide area network for the ABC Company. Through IP addressing scheme all the locations routers will be assigned IP addresses that will allow the two location LANs to be connected with the headquarters using appropriate and effective method either YMAX or cable laying. The hosts at each location will be assigned IP addresses either dynamically or statically to complete the WAN connection. TECHNICAL DETAILS (INCLUDING ANY ASSUMPTIONS) Classful addressing being an addressing architecture that divides the address space in IPv4 into five addresses, but we use class C coded in 8 bits. We use this class since we have a limited scope in default configuration parameters of our network software and hardware components. What is an IP Address (Internet Protocol Address), is an exclusive number all information technology devices (printers, routers, modems, et al) use, which identifies and allows them the ability to communicate with each other on a computer network. Subnetting is a Practice of dividing a network into two or more networks. Nodes on a subnet tend to be located in close physical proximity to each other on a LAN depending the designed used to come up with the networking used. Network designers engage subnets as a way to partition networks into logical slices for greater ease of administration. This will lead to proper performance and also to improve the security of the network. What is subnet: is a practice of dividing a network into two or more networks. All hosts that belong to a subnet in Houston or Denver locations are addressed with a conjoint, equal, most-significant bit-group in their IP address. This results in the reasonable partition of an IP address into two fields, a network or routing start and the rest field or host identifier. The rest field is an identifier for a specific host or network interface. In internet protocol (IP) networking, devices on a subnet share adjacent range of IP address numbers. A mask (known as the subnet mask or network mask) defines the boundaries of an IP subnet. The correspondence between subnet masks and IP address ranges follows defined precise methods. IT professionals use subnet calculator to map between masks and addresses subnet. The correspondence between subnet masks and IP address ranges follows defined mathematical formulas. IT professionals use subnet calculator to map between masks and addresses Developing the IP address scheme of ABC Company we consider and assume the headquarters to be in San Francisco and make an assumption that’s where the main router is. We make an assumption in assigning this router a private IP network address. From this Headquarters IP address we channel two new IP addresses, one for Houston router and Denver router. Using the channeled IP address we subnet this IP to the required number of hosts in each location. For the departments in the location each LAN is given a certain IP range where we then assign the IP addresses to the host. Why subnetting? Efficient utilization of small address space (i.e. IPv4) creating more than two logical visible sub-sections which entails changing the subnet mask of locals for the purpose of producing a relatively small network number where each has a corresponding range of IP Relieving network congestion. Switches help solve this problem by directing each packet directly from the source host to the destination device. For this type of connection to be achieved, we must submit to get more IP address space for each line that communicates from the host to the destination host. Security. Divides the network up so that devices on the network can’t access the entire network. Sub-networks can be separated, which in itself is a vast security plus. Also, most viruses, threats, spyware and hackers base their attacks on basic network configuration, making a network configuration which is not standard makes such threats harder to intrude and cause any damage. BUSINESS IMPACT The internet continues to widely explore at an outstanding rate. This is clearly shown by the remarkable status of the World Wide Web (www), the chances that businesses see in reaching customers from practical storefronts, and the emergence of new ways of doing business. It is clear that growing business and public awareness will continue to increase demand for access to resources on the internet. No one had the idea that the internet would have such an impact to business premises as has become today. Almost every firm with different department like that of ABC relies on classful IP addressing scheme The problems faced today are as a result of the previous decision made in the years. The seemingly unlimited space during the early days of the internet allowed organizations to be allocated IP addresses on request rather than on the organization needs which resulted to assigning of addresses freely without concern about the IP address depletion. The decision to standardize was a result of having 232 (4,294,967,296) remaining. The current address shortage problem would have been addressed by a decision to support a slightly larger address space. For instance the classful like A, B, and C octet boundaries tend to be easy to understand and implement, even though they do not foster the efficient allocation of a finite address space. The major problem resulted from the lack of a network class that is being designed to support medium-sized organizations. For example, a /24, which supports 254 hosts, is too small while a /16, which supports 65,534 hosts, is too large. 13 In the past, sites with several hundred hosts were assigned a single /16 address instead of two /24 addresses. Thus ensued in an impulsive reduction of the /16 network address space which was very much different with the readily available addresses for medium-sized organizations which is /24s, which have the potential negative impact of increasing the size of the global Internet’s routing table. Figure above shows different classes networks. After the defined a standard procedure to support the subnetting, or division, of a single Class network number into much minor slices. Subnetting was brought about to reduce problems that parts of the Internet were beginning to experience with the classful two-level addressing hierarchy. Conclusions I have analyzed a new set of techniques based on the subnetting that can be used to improve the performance and the security of any scheme through sub-network ,this is done through dividing the network up so that devices on the network can’t access the entire network. Hopefully the lookup technology described here and others will contribute to this vision of the future. References [1] Internet-II 1997. Big fast routers: Multi-megapacket forwarding engines for Internet II. In Proceedings of Networld (Interop ’97). [2] Bradner, S. Next Generation Routers Overview. In proceedings of Networld (interop’97). [3] V. Srinivasan and George Varghese, Faster IP Lookups using Controlled Prefix Expansion Appendix. The table below shows some of the most common subnet masks, and the number of hosts available on them after subtracting the all-zeroes and all-ones addresses Table 1.Common subnet masks and their host counts. Subnet Mask (Slash Prefix) Subnet Mask (Dotted Decimal) Network Bits in Subnet Mask Host Bits in Subnet Mask Hosts per Net /16 255.255.0.0 16 16 65,534 /17 255.255.128.0 17 15 32,766 /18 255.255.192.0 18 14 16,382 /19 255.255.224.0 19 13 8,190 /20 255.255.240.0 20 12 4,094 /21 255.255.248.0 21 11 2,046 /22 255.255.252.0 22 10 1,022 /23 255.255.254.0 23 9 510 /24 255.255.255.0 24 8 254 /25 255.255.255.128 25 7 126 /26 255.255.255.192 26 6 62 /27 255.255.255.224 27 5 30 /28 255.255.255.240 28 4 14 /29 255.255.255.248 29 3 6 /30 255.255.255.252 30 2 2 Table 2: Class-Based Subnet Masks Class Subnet Mask (Slash Prefix) Subnet Mask (Dotted Decimal) Usage Description A /8 255.0.0.0 Very large networks, always subnetted B /16 255.255.0.0 Large networks, typically subnetted C /24 255.255.255.0 Small networks, the most common class D /32 255.255.255.255 Multicasting group addresses (no hosts) E Undefined Undefined Reserved for experimental Table 3: The First Four Bits from the Major Network Classes Class Lead Bits Slash Prefix Possible Address Values(1) Nets per Class Hosts per Net A 0xxx /8 0.0.0.0-127.255.255.255 128 16,777,214 B 10xx /16 128.0.0.0-191.255.255.255 16,384 65,534 C 110x /24 192.0.0.0-223.255.255.255 2,097,152 254 D 1110 /32 224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255 268,435,456 0(2) E 1111 Undefined 240.0.0.0-255.255.255.255 Undefined Undefined Table 4: Private Addresses Provided in RFC 1918 Class Range of Addresses A Any addresses in 10.x.x.x B Addresses in the range of 172.16.x.x-172.31.x.x C Addresses in the range of 192.168.0.x-192.168.255.x Read More