Analysis of Embedded Infrastructure Experiment - Literature review Example

Embeddedness may be understood in terms of the use of common services by other entities. However, specific cases of embeddedness will be expected to be understood in terms of designs, relations, and developments between users who only deal with these common services, rather than understanding the nature and capability of developments within the surrounding entities.Bietz et al (2010) have expanded on Star and Ruhleder’s 1996 definition and have also focused on the role of embeddedness in developing infrastructure.

This role has been perceived as similar to Star and Ruhleder (1996) in terms of social and technical perspectives. However, the Bietz et al (2010) the definition extends to shedding light upon constraints on modalities which have emerged and influence specific infrastructure developments. From the quote from perspective: ‘To say that infrastructure is embedded means that the infrastructure is situated within a network, web, or other arrangement of relationships to other systems. Those relationships both enable the infrastructure to provide useful services and at the same time they constrain the modalities by which those services are provided ’.

A further perspective is provided by Halinen and Tornroos (1998), who defined the concept of embeddedness from a business perspective. Their definition of embeddedness has taken a different direction since they perceive that networks are formed due to companies’ relations with each other in addition to the external business environment. They have defined embeddedness as ‘the companies relations with, and dependence on, various types of network. Companies are connected with each other thus forming business networks.

But they are also connected with various other network structures which greatly affect economic actions and their outcomes.’In this context, the e-Umrah application infrastructure conforms to Star and Ruhleder (1996), Bietz et al. (2010), and Halinen and Tomroos (1998) in terms of infrastructure being embedded within a network of relationships with the external environment, which enables the infrastructure to provide useful services such as those tasks, operations, and activities which are considered the key parts of the system.