Database Development and Management - Term Paper Example

Computer Sciences and Information Technology: Database Development and Management Sales and Store transactions of the Department Stored within the Database The expansion of department store into five stores requires the development of an effective database design that incorporates all the stores product sales and inventories. The potential sales information stored within the database entail the price of the product, customer, and store number and employee serving in the store. On the other hand, store transactions of the department stored within the database include information on customers that enter and buy products, vendors that supply stock to the five stores, store location, employees that work at each store and the transactions that take place and selling of different products within the stores. The use of the information of potential sales information and store transactions assists in the improvement of an operative database scheme that connects all the stores together with the products in them for sale (Coronel & Morris, 2014). The database supports integrity and business information of the enterprise all through the five stores. The analysis of the transactions that take place in every store assists in producing a list of principal entities involved in store transactions. The use of the database stores important information of the sales in the five stores and the important transactions between customers and employees in the stores. A Database Solution design and Potential Business Rules The housing of the sales transactions of the departmental store requires the development of a well-designed database solution with potential business rules. A database solution needs to have retrieval section where data is easily found. The retrieval structure finds a particular piece of data in a more specific way with a quick and easy fetch of data within the database. Consistency provides reliable rules in database solution. The performance of the same search twice in a row of a good database solution gives the same results. A well-built database product ensures exact same query of data results plays an important role in a database solution. Additionally, the validity of data within a database solution relates to the ideas of consistency. Validity and consistency ensure different parts of database do not hold varied results of the same information. The validity of a database solution ensures that data incorporates within the possible pieces of data within the database (Davenport, 2013). Therefore, the validity of data within a database solution ensures that records are updated, created and deleted when need stands. The design of a database solution takes up the following structure Key: The database solution contains connectivity of relationships as shown in the key diagram above. The stores to the customers have a 1:1 relationship, the products to the stores have a 1: M relationship, suppliers to products have an M: N relationship, while products to product ID have a 0:1 relationship making a cross foot notation of (1:1, 1: M, M: N, 0:1) within a database. The design of a database solution contains data information of products and customers that is readable to allow for retrieval, consistency and validity of the information. The design and the applications of database design narrow down to the five stores to control sales and products from the stores to the customers (Turner, 2013). The use of database solutions assists in promoting sales transactions of different departmental stores of the enterprise. Therefore, a good database solution incorporates retrieval, consistency and validity aspects of data information and interpretation of customers in promoting the sales of the product. The potential business rules applicable in house sales transactions of the departmental store include rules on the sale of goods, sales laws, negotiable instruments rules and documents of title during transactions. Turner (2013) argues that business rules of the sales of goods require the engagements of both seller and buyers accompanied with mutual agreements during transactions. The sale of goods rules entails as the common commercial transaction within the database. The rights that a seller has specifies within a document allowing the transfer of buyers in return before payment of the purchases made (Turner, 2013). Sale of goods gives the seller an obligation of delivering goods, transfer of ownership with warranty conformity to specific contracts during transactions. On the other hand, the sale of goods business rules gives the buyer duties of giving payment on purchase and acceptance of delivery. The sale of goods business rules during transactions require contemporary legal systems concerned with enforcing prices. Sales laws have different aspects within operative and effective international trade transactions. Mainstream of transnational trade endeavors unification of sales law using accepted contracts incorporated within a database to connect all the contracts together. Business rules on sales laws promote uniform conditions for contracts required in the delivery of foreign trade enterprises with the elaboration of force laws within enterprises entered in a database to control all the stores with the same contracts and sales laws. On the other hand, business rules on the transaction of sales require the involvement of negotiable instruments within the rules of transactions. The instruments embody the right to payment of money and transfer of person developed from efforts of making credit instruments transferable. In business transactions, the negotiable instruments’ purposes involve payment of credit and security with a trade bill that requires database data entry. Business rules of transactions of sales require the documentation of titles that embody claims of payment of documents and money. The most common document entails a bill of lading and a warehouse receipt. Pratt & Adamski (2011) suggests that a bill of lading document title entails as goods delivered receipt. In a database management, the bill of lading as a document involves entry in the delivery of transported goods, port of destination, letter of claim and a document of bill of lading that is negotiated. Therefore, a database design solution and business rules on transactions are entered in a database structure to allow for coordination and combination of all the activities of the two during the transaction of products within the five stores. The business rules of transactions give an opportunity for all the stakeholders of transactions to have a mutual agreement on sales and coordination within the five stores effectively. Best Practices of How Retail Stores Use Databases For Retaining Customers and Sales Increase Big data tools for forecasting sales and inventory of department store Big data assists companies in becoming classic in forecasting sales and inventory of departmental stores. The big data are woven into pieces and functions as a determinant in global the economy. The use of big data incorporates large pools of data brought together and analyzed into discerning patterns that make decision making processes of sales and inventory of departmental stores effective(Özsu, & Valduriez, 2011). The Big data tools become necessary based on the growth and competition of separate stores that enhances productivity and creativity and relevant values in the recent economies. Besides, the use of big data assists in reducing waste when forecasting on sales as it increases the quality of services and products of departmental stores. Therefore, the use of big data tools assists in the development of quality data for the productivity of forecast sales and maintenance of economical inventory departmental stores. SQL Functions in Sales Associates to Perform Explanatory Analytics Two SQL (Structured Query Language) stored procedures include DML (Data Manipulation Language) and DCL (Data Control Language) that assists in sales associated with the performance of explanatory and predictive analytics (Özsu, & Valduriez, 2011). The use of DML assists in the manipulation of data used in different stores to generate a reasonable sale price for the products. Sales associates are able to use the SQL type of DML to engage different customers in self-explanatory of products before the sale of the same products. The use DML type of SQL assists in the manipulation of data through a standard language that accesses databases of sales in Oracle and other relevant database systems. On the other hand, the use of DCL type of SQL assist in controlling data through self-explanations that assist in the sale of products in different stores (Özsu, & Valduriez, 2011). DCL gives an opportunity for sales associated to regulate suppliers depending on demand and supply of the enterprise products in the market. Therefore, the use of DML and DCL types of structured query language as functions of sales associates performs explanatory analysis of products that assists in the sale of the products in the market using a database system. DML over DCL in the Expansion of Business in the Region The use of DML provides an opportunity for the expansion of business within the region. Manipulated data assists in controlling any kind of inflations at the market when the demand for products and sales interchange. The use of DML as a structured query language connects all the stakeholders’ together while promoting the sales of products in the region through computerized manipulation of data and prices to make profits in the region. Additionally, DML manages data in the relational database management systems that streams processes of relational data used by sales associates in explanatory analysis during marketing of the products. Therefore, the use of DML assists in business expansion in the region as compared to DCL. Copy of Working SQL Code as Part of the Paper A working SQL code in this scenario uses a transact-SQL code of demand. The use of a working SQL code requires the use of a visual studio 2010 and building the project using MsBuild. The analysis of the code generates more errors and warnings that appear if the code contains naming, design and performance defects of the data analysis. Effective code analysis requires visual studio premium and ultimate to give an analysis of database codes that improves code quality. For instance, MSBuild /t: StaticCodinterpretation /p: Configurationaccess DatabaseProject.dbproj Microsoft (R) Build Engine Version 3.0.30215.0 [Microsoft.NET Framework, Version 3.0.30215.0] Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation 2015. All rights reserved. Build started 3/09/2015 2:20:29 PM. Project “C:\Users\UserName\Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Projects\SolutionName\DatabaseProject\DatabaseProject.dbproj" on node 0 (StaticCodeAnalysis target(s)). Creating a model to represent the project... Loadingdatabase files... Creating the project model and solving object interdependencies... Confirming the project model... 1 problem has been detected C:\Users\UserName\Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Projects\Solution Name\Database Project\2015\Projects\SolutionName\DatabaseProject\DatabaseProject.dbproj] One problem has been detected. Build succeeded. “C:\Users\UserIdentification\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\SolutionName\DatabaseProject\DatabaseProject.dbproj" (StaticCodeAnalysis target) (1) -> (DspStaticCodeAnalysis target) -> 2 Warning(s) 1 Error(s) Time Elapsed 00:04:04.07 Database Vendors That Provide Cloud Computing Services Cloud database entails a cloud-computing platform. The database available of vendors includes SQL based and the purchase of virtual machines. Costs in Pricing Structure When Implementing Cloud-Hosted Solution for Database The transition of cloud-based services has huge financial and budgetary impacts developing a high pricing structure since it involves strategic and operational aspects of development. The pricing structure involves the development of reflected financial statements within the pricing structure. The types of costs involved in the implementation of a cloud-hosted solution for database include capital and operational costs, implementation framework and risk management costs. Therefore, the pricing structure for the implementation of cloud-hosted solution for database must entail the above costs as shown in the structure below through stages for the full implementation of the cloud-hosted solution for databases Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Total $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 $’000 stage One Capital Operational Total stage Two Capital Operational Total stage Three Capital Operational Total Stage four Capital Operational Total Security Considerations and Pricing of Different Cloud Implementation Types The security considerations of different cloud implementation types entail the identification and access management, compliance and risk management, endpoint integrity, service integrity and information protection. The security consideration applies to cloud providers and cloud customers hence all the key security considerations need careful evaluations. Besides, the pricing of different cloud implementation types have different prices because of the kind of function that each cloud has in the database. The pricing depends on the work and the effect that the cloud type has in distributing information to the database. The Ranking of Cloud Services Options of Software Cloud services options of software include Microsoft cloud software, IBM cloud software, Amazon elastic compute cloud software and finally citric cloud platform software. Cloud services options of software Ranks Service Platform As A Service Infrastructure As A Service Functionality 1 Microsoft cloud software IBM cloud software IBM cloud software Mobility 2 Citric cloud platform IBM cloud software Amazon elastic compute Provision Of Distributed Transaction Concurrency 3 Amazon elastic compute Citric cloud software Microsoft cloud software In an environment where users are mobile, Microsoft cloud software is the easiest type of a cloud service used. Microsoft cloud software incorporates small elements that assist in mobility of services for the stored database. The technical provisions required in ensuring data integrity of the cloud software includes the implementation of future proofed data and application of centric cloud solutions that prove efficiency and reliability for a unified cloud management platform. The Use of a Distributed DBMs Structure The use of a distributed DBMS (Database Management System) is system software suitable for the creation and management of databases. The system is appropriate since it provides programmers and users with an appropriate system that creates updates, retrieves and manages data effectively within a database. The optimization techniques factored in enhancing the operations of the database within the design includes cloud-computing techniques within network remote servers that host internet storage and manage data within the database. The use of DBMs allows for the creation, definition, update and administration of databases (Pratt, & Adamski, 2011). Examples of How Lost Updates and Uncommitted Data Occur Example one: lost updates and uncommitted data occur within a database when more or two transactions select the same row and updates based on the original value selected. The transactions among the five stores may cause the loss of updates when the same rows are selected from different stores. For instance, two editors from two different stores may make an electronic copy of the same report in different stores. Each editor may change the copy individually and save it again and, therefore, overwriting original document. Example two: uncommitted data occurs when transaction selects row several times but the update occurs in another transaction. The transaction reads data that not chosen or committed yet and only changed by transactions by updating the row. For instance, an editor reads a product twice in one of the stores but the customer re-reads again and makes changes of transactions. Concurrency Control Factors Used In Ensuring Valid Execution of Transactions The contemporary multiuser environment of managing five stores requires concurrency controller aspects that safeguards legal effecting of transactions. The enterprise management gains control over security and locks sensitive data assets. Some of the concurrent control factors include row level lock and table level lock (Pratt, & Adamski, 2011). Row level rock incorporates data manipulation language lock placed within the rows of databases that prevents other processes in the database from updating or locking into different rows. The control of the factor occurs when a successful transaction occurs within the database by making relevant updates to the transactions or the process is rolled back. On the hand, data dictionary language lock placed on the tables in a database prevents structural alterations of data stored within the database in the table. Table locking concurrent factor locks the entire table update in any row in the table. The concurrent control factors act as resource locking systems in the database implemented by the overall manager of the five stores. Transactions are restricted from accessing data through manipulation of data with locks held in transaction commits and aborts known as strict two-phase locking (Pratt, & Adamski, 2011). Concurrent factors ensure validation of transactions by associating and maintaining systems that induce deadlocks and reduce concurrency within the system during transactions. Therefore, the use of the factors ensures valid execution of transactions without interfering with the data stored within the database. Backup and Restoration Recovery Solutions and Database Security Threats The transactions conducted within the five stores may develop technical errors that lead to the loss of data. Various options need to be in place for standby and reestablishment solutions associated with the prevention of database security threats. Options available to afford disaster management functions for the database Management of five stores may cause accidents in the process of transactions. It is, therefore, vital for the enterprise to develop disaster management programs that assist in controlling such accidents in the process of transactions. The use of oracle database provides oracle data guard that offers disaster recovery programs within the database. The use of oracle data guard avoids single failure situations for the solutions of backup and recovery of the database within various systems. The main options used with oracle data base guard include recovery manager (RMAN) and user managed backup and recovery (Venkatesh, Thong & Xu, 2012). RMAN is a tool, which connects different sessions that run oracle data guard in performing various backup and recovery functions’. RMAN maintains as the preferred database backup and recovery. RMAN performs different types of backup and recovery programs available in managed methods for easy interface backup tasks. The management of disaster with an oracle data guard maintains previous data in the backups controlling any occurrence of disasters. On the other hand, backup and recovery method of disaster management requires the use of Veritas netbackup on tape media. The Types of Security Threats That Exist When Managing Department Store Database Databases entail as the most compromised assets when managing several stores of an enterprise. Databases entail targets since they form the heart of many organizations operations, storing of customer records and confidential business data. Hackers and malicious insiders develop and access sensitive data (Venkatesh, Thong & Xu, 2012). The security threats affect and extract values while inflicting damage and affecting business operations. The threats apply to traditional databases associated with Big Data technologies. The main threats include malware, weak audit trail and input injection that affect data stored within databases. The address of the threats meets global compliance requirements with best practices related to data risk mitigation and protection. References Coronel, C, Morris, S (2014). Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, London: Cengage Learning. Davenport, T. H. (2013). Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. New York: Harvard Business Press. Özsu, M. T., & Valduriez, P. (2011). Principles of distributed database systems. Springer Science & Business Media. Pratt, P. J., & Adamski, J. J. (2011). Database management concepts. Boston, Mass: Course Technology. Turner, J. R. (2013). Database Development and Management. In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. New York: Springer. Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS quarterly, 36(1), 157-178. Read More